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Using Open Source Technologies to Spatially Enable Aceh

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    Notes on slide 1

    1* On Decemeber 26, 2004, an 9.0 magnitude earthquake west of Sumatra, Indonesia triggered an Indian ocean tsunami that impacted several countries including Indonesia, Thailand, Sri Lanka and India, resulting in widespread death and destruction. 2* (click) The province of Aceh, Indonesia was particularly hard hit. Several estimates exist however the number of confirmed deaths resulting from the tsunami has been placed at 130,000+ 3* Immediately following the tsunami, the United Nations Humanitarian Information Centre (UN-HIC) was using spatial information to asses damage and plan emergency response, prioritizing areas of greatest need. This role was later taken over by the UN Information Management Service (UNIMS).

    1* As emergency response turned into recovery and rebuilding, the UN mandate ended and spatial information capacity transitioned from the UN to the government of Indonesia. Located at the Bureau of Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (BRR), the use of spatial information was then driven by the Norwegian Agency for Development Co-operation (NORAD) funded SIM-Centre. 2* (click) Established in February 2006, by the end of 2007 the SIM-Centre serviced 2500 clients and produced 9000 maps during the recovery and rebuilding phase to enhance decision making in support of BRR activities including housing, infrastructure, sea defense and emergency response to floods. 3* (click) During the emergency response and recovery phases, the coordination of spatial information was characterized by common challenges associated with GIS operations. These challenges were emphasized by the large scale of the devastation and vast array of organizations that embarked upon Aceh for relief efforts. Problems included; access to data Incomplete, inaccurate &/or conflicting data in some areas - duplication of efforts or no data capture Limited data interoperability

    1* *While the magnitude and occurrence of the Aceh disaster was unforeseen, being prepared is an obvious message for governments and emergency managers. 2* *One of the outputs of the SIM-Centre was a strategy for the use of spatial information in NAD. The spatial information strategy for NAD provides a strategic framework for the effective use of spatial information and the continuing development of the spatial industry beyond 2009. *The strategy focuses on building capacity to use spatial information, having in place policies and protocols to facilitate the management and sharing of data and providing the framework for making this possible . *Central to strategy was the implementation of a provincial spatial data infrastructure (SDI) *diagram (on-line/off-line access) 3* *When the BRR mandate ended in 2009, the Aceh Geospatial Data Centre (AGDC) took over he role of the SIM-Centre. *The AGDC is located at the Provincial Board for Planning and Construction (Bappeda).

    1* As defined in the Global SDI cookbook, “the term…..” 2* International consultants NGIS Australia were engaged to design and implement the pilot SDI for Aceh. Lasting 5 months, the SDI objectives included Governance Geo-database Data discovery tools Online mapping functionality Data delivery

    Existing SDIs were examined to determine the approach to the Aceh SDI implementation 1* *National: traditional approach in early days, driven by national govt agencies -Strengths: consistent, centralized control, ensure compatibility -Weakness: often inflexible, can missed interest groups, large complex implementation projects *Federated: Most commonly used, -Strengths: each level looks after its own area of responsibilities, offer flexibility -Weakness: Potential for non-compliance, requires high level of local expertise 2* (Click) For Aceh SDI Implementation -Government mandate for open source where possible -Cooperation amongst provincial government agencies is strong -Some disagreements with national mapping agency Bakosurtanal who have been attempting to implement a national SDI for Indonesia without success -Thus, critical that Aceh implementation adheres to international standards (such as those defined by the OGC) – aligning with NSDI and global SDI initiatives. National indonesian SDI??

    *Note to Maurits – I culminated nicky’s slides 7,8,9 including some details from the SEASC paper if you require different/more details. I included the thumbnail diagrams in “Geodatabase” and “Data Modelling” for reference – not sure if they would be a feature of this presentation. They are only resized and not “click to view”

    *Due to government mandate, delivery mechanisms are based heavily on open source software. *A table of software and the corresponding standards implemented by that software for the pilot SDI implementation is displayed. *Open source software components deliver data via OGC specifications – important when considering the national Indonesian SDI initiative.

    The previous table, displaying the open source software in the deployment architecture

    *Concession Application: Designed to incorporate GIS in the evaluation of concessions (for Mining, logging etc). *Includes business rules: Concessions require a 500m buffer that must not intersect existing concessions or protected forests. *Objective: to assist Governor in decision making and improve concession evaluation process which is largely an inconsistent, lengthy process, based on several projections systems. *Benefits: open, transparent and consistent. *An example PDF output of a Concessions Evaluation using the system, displaying intersecting Concession features, the area of intersect and coordinates of AOI in WGS84. *Video (click) displaying Concessions Evaluation process…

    *Map Production: Application designed for use by the general public (reduced complexity of map operations in user interface). *Enables the general public to view metadata and generate customized maps based on the themes; Base Map Administrative Forest Cover Forest Land Use Hydrology and Infrastructure *Includes the ability for administrator to produce reports on; The map themes and areas of interest that have been used by the public to produce PDFs. The queries and questions that users have submitted. *Video (click) displaying Map Production application… *Frees up AGDC staff who can redirect time and focus to more specialized GIS tasks. *Users can create custom map and print maps remotely themselves.

    Challenges *Governance: -A governance model has been designed but is yet to be implemented -The lack of a confirmed governance structure in Aceh has meant that funding for full SDI implementation has been delayed. *Data: -Custodianship: Because governance is not clear, data custodianship, although defined, is not fully understood. Data custodians still see themselves as owners of the data. Rather, the custodian manages the spatial information as “trustee” for the community. Failure to define the roles and responsibilities of data custodians has meant that much of the data is of poor quality or incomplete. -Data Quality: 30,000 SHP files currently exist that have been through a quality control process. More time is required to evaluate these data. Data from rebuilding projects is continually accepted by SIM-C, coming from disparate sources, often without metadata. integration and organisation of this data a large task and an ongoing process. *Human Capital: -The local staff were highly skilled and good workers, however project management still remains a large issue. -Local staff prefer to be given direction as apposed to considering planning and management tasks. - Management procedures put in place often took time to be realized by local staff (i.e. For application development version control was introduced however it took 3 weeks before it was being utilized correctly. The local staff preferred to rely on existing methodology to develop applications (nothing at all) which made team development a challenge – until the benefits were realized). *Design Considerations: -Due to limited IT infrastructure, consideration for on-line and off-line data access was required during implementation On-line – increasing map response times over low band width by implementing WMS-Cache (TileCache) Off-line – Design of a public intranet where off-line access to maps and data is still possible by visiting the AGDC office

    *Governance: -Governance is critical and should be established *Human Capital: -As with any organisation, capacity building and human resources is critical *Licensing Model: Open Source vs. Proprietary -Many established arguments against open source are no longer relevant -The quality and documentation of open source software has increased dramatically over the past few years. -Open source software is capable of providing enterprise solutions and leads the way in web development. -Add to this accesses to a global community of information, users and forums -Development of the 2 applications described in this presentation took 6 weeks by the development team consisting of 3 members -Proprietary software comes ready made however some customisation is still required by a skilled developer. -ArcServer provides “out-of-the-box” web mapping solutions and also Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to enable web mapping and server development. -This increase in interoperability comes at a cost whereby specialist skills and knowledge are still required for customization and full control is maintained by the vendor. -In each case human resources is the most critical factor. At the SIM-C skilled human resources in open source web development existed. -Thus open source is a much more viable option at SIMC, providing more flexibility at largely reduced costs. -The choice between implementing open source and proprietary software becomes a policy based on the current infrastructure, capabilities and preference of the organization. -Strict adherence to either open source technologies or proprietary solutions is not necessarily a rational policy, with interoperability between the two possible.

    *Increase in access to spatial information -Wether this potential is fully realised remains to be seen at this moment. -Provides a focal point and platform for the increase in use of spatial information activities (such as carbon trading, driven by Aceh Green Consortium). *Open source can provide enterprise GIS solutions *Capacity building with a focus on sustainability -One success story exists whereby a new application for project monitoring was developed by local staff after completion of the project, using the introduced SDI web application platform. * The use of international standards and specifications (ISO/OGC) has aligned the Aceh SDI pilot implementation with national Indonesian and global SDI efforts

    *Please update accordingly as required.

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    Using Open Source Technologies to Spatially Enable Aceh - Presentation Transcript

    1. Using Open Source Technologies to Spatially Enable Aceh Paul Harris Patrick Fitzgerald Maurits van der Vlugt Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam SDI Implementation Project
      • Background
      • SIM-Centre
      • A Provincial SDI
      • Pilot Applications
      • Lessons Learned
      Overview *Pulo Aceh Island, Banda Aceh, Indonesia
      • Dec 26 2004 Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake
        • 9.2 magnitude (USGS)
        • 1,600 km rupture (USGS)
        • Triggered Indian ocean tsunami
      Introduction – Background
      • Nanggr ö e Aceh Darussalam
        • 130,736 Confirmed deaths (UN)
        • 500,000+ Displaced (UN)
      • United Nations
        • Spatial information used to prioritize emergency response
        • UN-HIC/UNIMS
      *Indian Ocean Tsunami (NOAA) *Aceh Province (Google)
    4. SIM-Centre
      • Spatial Information & Mapping Centre (SIM-Centre)
        • NORAD funded
        • Located at BRR
      • SIM-Centre Activities
        • 2500 clients
        • 9000 maps
        • GPS and GIS training
      • Data Challenges of Emergency Response and Recovery Phase
        • Access to data
        • Incomplete, inaccurate &/or conflicting data
        • Limited data interoperability
    5. SIM-Centre *SDI architecture for NAD (van der Vlugt)
      • Spatial Information Strategy for Aceh
        • Building GIS capacity
        • Data policies and protocols
        • Data management and sharing
      • Aceh Geospatial Data Centre (AGDC)
        • Located at Bappeda
      • Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
        • Collect, Manage Distribute
      • Spatial Data Infrastructure
        • “ The term “Spatial Data Infrastructure” (SDI) is often used to denote the relevant base collection of technologies , policies and institutional arrangements that facilitate the availability of and access to spatial data ” (Nebert, 2004).
      Towards a Provincial SDI
      • Aceh SDI Pilot Implementation Project
        • International consultants NGIS
        • December 2008 until April 2009
        • Objectives
          • Guidelines for data sharing and access (Governance)
          • Geo-database
          • Data discovery tools (Data Catalogue)
          • Online mapping functionality
          • Data delivery
      • National (Top Down) Approach
        • Canada
      SDI Approach
      • Distributed (Bottom Up) Approach
        • Western Australia
      *Landgate’s Shared Land Information Platform (SLIP)
      • Aceh SDI Implementation
        • Mandate for Open Source
        • Strong cooperation amongst provincial government agencies
        • National SDI attempts exist (Bakosurtanal)
        • Important that international standards be implemented (i.e. OGC Standards)
      *Canadian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (CGDI)
    8. Implementation – Data Geodatabase
      • 30,000 shape files: duplicates, different versions, corrupt, no metadata
      • Confidence classes created: Standard (Good for public, has metadata) Off-line (Limited confidence, caution) Archive (unknown, use at own risk)
      Data Modelling
      • Stored in Spatial Object-Relational DBMS (Postgres/PostGIS) with Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram
      • Attempt to move away from proprietary GIS formats
      • Define common link between datasets
      Data Exchange Format
      • Define mandatory fields
      • Allow flexibility
      • Adopt common data/file types (DXF, GeoTiff, SHP)
    9. Implementation – Delivery *Currently an OGC specification – expected to become an OGC standard Component Software Standards Client
      • GeoSamba
      • ExtJS JS Libraries
      • OpenLayers JS Libraries
      • OGC Compliant
      • Dynamic HTML (DHTML)
      • Distributes OGC Standards
      Catalogue
      • GeoNetwork
      • ISO Metadata Standard (ISO 19115)
      Map Server
      • TileCache
      • MapServer
      • GeoServer
      • Web Map Service – Cache (*OGC WMTS)
      • Web Map Service (ISO TC211/OGC WFS)
      • Web Feature Service (ISO TC211/OGC WFS)
      Data Server
      • PostgreSQL
      • PostGIS
      • Object-Relational Database Management System (ORDBMS)
      • Geographical Objects for PostgreSQL
    10.  
    11. Implementation – Concessions
    12. Pilot Application – Map Production
      • Governance
        • Governance model designed but not implemented
        • Lack of governance has meant funding delayed for full SDI implementation
      • Data
        • Data custodianship is not fully understood
        • Data quality control, review and publication still an ongoing issue
      • Technical Skills & Project Management
        • Local staff highly skilled and hard working
        • Limited in areas of project management and planning
        • Take-up of Management procedures
      • Design Considerations
        • Limited IT infrastructure, consideration for on-line and off-line data access
      Challenges
    14. Lessons Learned
      • Governance
        • Essential that governance is not an after thought
      • Human Capital
        • Capacity building is critical
          • In areas such as project management, standards, best-practice, etc.
      • Open Source vs. Proprietary
        • Many established arguments against open source are no longer relevant
        • The choice between open source and proprietary comes down to budget, human resources, existing infrastructure and preference
      • The SDI has resulted in improved access to quality spatial information in Aceh
      • Open source can provide enterprise GIS solutions
        • Provided human resources are available
      • Capacity building and training has resulted in sustainability of the SDI framework
        • New applications are being developed at SIM-Center using the SDI framework
      • The use of international standards and specifications (ISO/OGC) has aligned the Aceh SDI pilot implementation with national Indonesian and global SDI efforts
      Summary
    16. Questions…? Patrick Fitzgerald – Geospatial Consultant [email_address] Paul Harris – NGIS CEO [email_address] Maurits van der Vlugt – NGIS East Coast Manager [email_address]

    + MauritsVMauritsV, 1 month ago

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