Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment @UTwente 2014

ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) &
Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
Cradle to Cradle® in the Built
Environment
@ UT April 30th 2014
Academic Chair ‘Cradle to Cradle for Innovation and Quality’
Cradle to Cradle® and C2C® are registered trademarks held by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC (MBDC).

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment
‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
Department of Decision and Information Sciences
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
Katja Hansen
Senior Researcher
Diana den Held
Senior Researcher
Douglas Mulhall
Senior Researcher
prof.dr. Michael Braungart Marleen Lodder
PhD Student
2 4/30/2014

‘CRADLE TO CRADLE FOR INNOVATION AND QUALITY’
1. Erasmus University Rotterdam
“Cradle to Cradle for Innovation
and Quality”
Rotterdam School of Management
2. University Twente
“Cradle to Cradle in Industrial
Design Engineering”
3. Technical University Delft
Visiting professorship
Building Design Technology
Faculty of Architecture
- C2C lab
• Technische Universität München
Cradle to Cradle Followship
Fakultät für Bauingenieur-
und Vermessungswesen
Fakultät für Architektur
3 4/30/2014

MARLEEN LODDER
– PhD-candidate Erasmus University Rotterdam
• Rotterdam School of Management (RSM)
• Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
– The Transition towards Beneficial Area Development
• Ecological-, Economical and Societal Added Value
• Healthy Area’s in itself and for their surroundings
• Variable Scales according to context and continuous cycles
• Process that involves public-, private-, civil society- & ecological “stakeholders”
– Background
• Master Architectural Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology
• Bachelor Built Environment, Avans University of Applied Sciences ‘s-
Hertogenbosch
4 4/30/2014

Source: EPEA
5
BEECH TREE
4/30/2014

CRADLE TO CARDLE® IN THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Michael Braungart & William McDonough
"We do not want sustainability, because that is not enough. We want real quality.“
(Braungart)
“A delightfully diverse, safe, healthy and just world - with clean air, soil, water and power -
economically, equitably, ecologically, and elegantly enjoyed.”
(McDonough)
Source: http://www.amazon.com Source: http://www.mcdonough.com Source: http://greenatwork.com
6 4/30/2014

7
Up
4/30/2014

Source: EPEA
8
TAKE – MAKE – WASTE
4/30/2014

FRACTAL TRIANGLE
(McDonough W. & Braungart M., 2002)
McDonough, W., & Braungart, M. (2002). Design for the triple top line: New tools for sustainable commerce. Corporate Environmental Strategy, 9(3), 251-258.
9 4/30/2014

TRIPLE TOP LINE
“triple top line growth:
products that enhance
the well-being of nature
and culture while
generating economic
value” (pp252)
Source: Diana den Held
10 4/30/2014

THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY: C2C THE BASIS
- The Ellen MacArthur Foundation
Source: www.ellenmacarthurfoundation.org
“The circular economy requires careful
management of material flows, which
are of two types. These are
characterised by McDonough and
Braungart in Cradle to Cradle:
Remaking the Way We Make Things as
biological nutrients—materials designed
to re-enter the biosphere safely and
rebuild natural capital, and technical
nutrients, designed to circulate at high
quality without entering the biosphere.”
(Towards the circular economy 2, pp 26)
11 4/30/2014

PROJECT MAINSTREAM
- World Economic Forum
- Link to the report
Source: http://www.weforum.org/issues/circular-economy
12 4/30/2014

BUILDINGS LIKE TREES
ECO EFFICIENCY– ECO-EFFECTIVENESS
Source: EPEA
13
Doing things
right
Doing the
right things!
4/30/2014

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment14
HOW CAN ONE BECOME CLIMATE NEUTRAL?
Source: UNEP
4/30/2014

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment15
HOW CAN A CITY BECOME CARBON NEUTRAL?
Source: Copenhagen climate plan
4/30/2014

?
THE GREENEST HOUSE IS THAT, THAT IS NEVER BUILT?
16
Source: Unknown
4/30/2014

Source: Toyota
17
TREES WITH ZERO EMISSIONS?
4/30/2014

?
TREES HAVE BENEFICIAL EMISSIONS
Source: EPEA
18
 Absorbs CO2
 Produces Oxygen
 Produces biomass
 Supports biodiversity
 Provides habitat to many species
 Filters the air
 Makes soil
………. etc.
4/30/2014

Source: http://atsukojoe.wordpress.com
19
HOW HUMANS COULD HAVE A…………………
…………………BIG BENEFICIAL FOOTPRINT
4/30/2014

?
AND HOW BUILDINGS COULD HAVE A…………………
…………………BIG FOOTPRINT!
Source: Unknown
20 4/30/2014

Source: http://www.stefanoboeriarchitetti.net/
21
BUILDINGS LIKE TREES – CITIES LIKE FORESTS
4/30/2014

QUALITY INGREDIENTS + QUALITY DESIGN =
QUALITY PRODUCTS
=
22
Source: EPEA
4/30/2014

UNKNOWN INGREDIENTS & UGLY DESIGN =
LOW QUALITY PRODUCTS
= ?
23
Source: EPEA
4/30/2014

Source: http://www.businessweek.com Source: http://home.howstuffworks.com
24
INDOOR AIR QUALITY
4/30/2014

HAITI & TURKEY. BAD DESIGN & UNKNOWN
INGREDIENTS = CATASTROPHE
Source: EPEA
25 4/30/2014

OFF-GASSING OF CHILDREN'S TOYS
QUALITY QUESTION
Source: HUI
26 4/30/2014

OFF-GASSING OF “NATURAL” CARPET
QUALITY QUESTION
Source: HUI
27 4/30/2014

?
- Based on Stewart Brand, How Buildings Learn, 1994
28 4/30/2014

BIOLOGICAL & TECHNICAL METHOBOLISMS
Source: EPEA
29 4/30/2014

SERVICE PRODUCTS
- Upcycled of re-used at the same or a higher quality in a technical environment
Source: EPEA
30 4/30/2014

CONSUMPTION PRODUCTS
- Cascade models for creating added value for the natural environment as “food”
31
Source: EPEA Source: http://methodhome.com/ocean-plastic/
4/30/2014

Source: EPEA Source: http://methodhome.com/ocean-plastic/
CONSUMPTION PRODUCTS
- Cascade models for creating added value for the natural environment as “food”
Source: Bor, A., Hansen, K., Goedkoop, M., Rivière, A., Alvarado,
C., & van den Wittenboer, W. (2011). Usability of life cycle
assessment for cradle to cradle purposes. Utrecht: NL Agency.
32 4/30/2014

MINIMIZE THE NEGATIVE FOOTPRINT….
…. WHILE OPTIMIZING THE POSITIVE
33
Source: Based on image by Royal Haskoning
4/30/2014

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment34 4/30/2014

CONTEXT SPECIFIC PRINCIPLES
- Hannover Principles
- Almere Principles
- Venlo Principles
- Limburg Principles
- Marina Principles
- C2C Architects Manifesto
- C2C Architecture Charter
35 4/30/2014

There is not yet a 100%
C2C building, highway or airport
New approaches are required to get there.
Focus on Innovation instead of
Certification
36 4/30/2014

FRAMEWORK:
CRADLE TO CRADLE CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
PLANNING GUIDE
How To Plan A Big Beneficial Footprint; Guide To Innovation Tools For
Cradle To Cradle-Inspired Value In Building Developments.
REGISTRY
http://www.rsm.nl/research/departments/technology-and-operations-management/research/cradle-to-cradle-for-innovation-
and-quality/registry
37 4/30/2014

C2C® CRITERIA FOR THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT
38
Download Dutch version
4/30/2014

- Definition of a C2C building
- Criteria based on C2C principles
- Implementation criteria
- Measuring intentions, milestones & roadmaps
- Defining C2C energy
39 4/30/2014

DEFINITION OF A CRADLE TO CRADLE® BUILDING
“Cradle to Cradle building contains defined elements that
add value and celebrate innovation and enjoyment by
measurably enhancing the quality of
- materials,
- biodiversity,
- air,
- and water,
- using current solar income,
- being deconstructable
- and recyclable,
- and performing diverse practical and life-enhancing
functions for its stakeholders to holistically improve the
economy, ecology and social equity.”
40 4/30/2014

1. State your intentions
EVERYTHING IS A NUTRIENT FOR SOMETHING ELSE
2. Quality of materials
– Defined pathways
– Defined use periods
– Design for disassembly
3. Soil production, Bio-nutrients
4. Climate, Air and Sound quality
5. Water quality
USE CURRENT SOLAR INCOME
6. Produce more energy then one needs by using current solar income
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. Bio-diversity, Conceptual-diversity, Social-diversity, Cultural-
diversity
41 4/30/2014

THE PRINCIPLE CRITERIA
1. STATE YOUR INTENTIONS.
Which C2C principles do you plan to implement by when?
Which Goals do you plan to declare?
42 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
C2C ROADMAP, measurable goals and milestones in a defined period
- Desso
Source: www.desso.com
43 4/30/2014

Example of Goals for the sites:
“In Ten Years Our Site is Profitably Energy-
Positive”
- Keep Investment at Home
- Generate, Sell, and Buy Power
- Install & Maintain the Systems
44 4/30/2014

Example of Goals for Materials:
“In ten years 90 percent of the
materials used in our building
will have C2C materials passports”
45 4/30/2014

2. DEFINE MATERIALS AND THEIR INTENDED
USE PATHWAYS
(a) whose contents are measurably defined in technical or
biological pathways from manufacturing through use and
recovery and
(b) whose impacts are measurably beneficial for human health
and the environment.
46 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- DESSO AirMaster®
A carpet which ensures cleaner air in your home or office
Source: DESSO
47 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- DESSO AirMaster®
A carpet which ensures cleaner air in your home or office
Source: DESSO
48 4/30/2014

C2C MATERIAL PASSPORTS & MATERIAL BANKING
- combined with Building Information Models (BIM)
Source: Based on multiple sources Source: www.ibom.biz
49 4/30/2014

Definition Materials Passport:
Set of data describing defined characteristics of materials in
products that give them value for recovery and reuse.
Passports are a marketplace mechanism to encourage product
designs, material recovery systems, and chain of possession
partnerships that improve the quality, value, and security of
supply for materials so they can be reused in continuous
loops or closed loops or beneficially returned to biological
systems.
For other definitions please refer to Resource Repletion, Role of Buildings, Katja
Hansen, Michael Braungart, Douglas Mulhall, The Springer Encyclopaedia of
Sustainability Science and Technology, 2012, pp. 9096-9117 ISBN 978-0-387-
89469-0
MATERIAL PASSPORTS
50 4/30/2014

Source: www.youtube.com
EXAMPLE:
Maersk
51 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
Maersk
52 4/30/2014

3. INTEGRATE BIOLOGICAL NUTRIENTS.
Recycle biological nutrients and water by integrating topsoil and
biomass production into buildings, landscaping, and spatial plans
to generate more biomass and clean water than before
development of the site.
53 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- QUANTIFYING NUTRIENT RECYCLING - BASIS FOR C2C
Water environment & technology 1997
Source: HUI
54 4/30/2014

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment 4/30/201455

EXAMPLE:
- NIOO BUILDING
56 4/30/2014
Source: http://www.nioo.knaw.nl

4. ENHANCE CLIMATE, AIR AND SOUND
QUALITY.
Actively contribute to measurably improving air quality so the
indoor air is healthier for occupants than before it entered the
building and provides a comfortable climate for occupants.
57 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- Mosses for uptake and conversion of fine particulates
EXAMPLE:
Source: Prof. Frahm – Uni Bonn
58 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- Happy Healthy School
EXAMPLE:
Source: http://www.happyhealthyschool.com/
59 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- Green walls in office spaces
EXAMPLE:
Source: http://www.truestars.nl/Page/299875_groene-wanden-mos-panelen.aspx
60 4/30/2014

5. ENHANCE WATER QUALITY.
Measurably improve water quality so the water is healthier for
biological metabolisms than before it entered the building.
61 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- COVENT GARDEN: Urban applications of bionutrient recycling in temperate
climates
Source: Steven Beckers
62 4/30/2014

6. INTEGRATE RENEWABLE ENERGY.
Integrate renewable energy (current solar and gravitational
income) into buildings and area plans so the building and site
generate more energy than they use.
63 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- Building integrated PV in BSH building Park 20|20
(William McDonough + Partner)
Source: http://daylightaward.nl
64 4/30/2014

CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. ACTIVELY SUPPORT BIODIVERSITY.
Integrate measurable species diversity so the area supports more
diversity than before development.
65 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- Ferrer Research & Development Center: Releasing endangered butterfly species
every week (William McDonough + Partner)
EXAMPLE:
Source:http://www.mcdonoughpartners.com
66 4/30/2014

CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
8. CELEBRATE CONCEPTUAL DIVERSITY WITH
INNOVATION.
Focus on special beneficial features of a building and integrating
innovative components that are beneficial for the well-being of
occupants and the environment.
67 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- Park20|20
(William McDonough + Partner)
EXAMPLE:
Source: www.bouwwereld.nl
68 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE:
- NIOO BUILDING
(Claus and Kaan Architects)
Source: http://www.nioo.knaw.nl
69 4/30/2014

THE REGISTRY
For more information
70 4/30/2014

“Cradle to Cradle-Inspired Element support
the C2C principles, intentions and goals of
stakeholders by integrating diverse value-
added functions. The integration of quality,
added value, and beneficial impacts.”
C2C-INSPIRED ELEMENTS
Source: Building Registry
71 4/30/2014

EXAMPLE OF A C2C-INSPIERED ELEMENT:
- Atrium
4/30/201472
Source: Steven Beckers

Atrium
4/30/201473

- Active Green Facade
4/30/201474

“These are inexpensive quick‐win features
that inspire others to implement C2C
elsewhere. The most important ingredients;
innovation and fun!”
C2C-INSPIRED DELIGHTS
4/30/2014 75

EXAMPLES OF A C2C-INSPIERED DELIGHTS
- Use kinetic energy from stairs or revolving doors to operate coffee machine
4/30/201476
Source: http://inhabitat.com/energy-generating-revolving-door-by-boon-edam/

- Generating fun and electricity together: Kinetic energy dance floor
4/30/201477
Source: http://www.treehugger.com/culture/five-green-nightclubs-where-you-can-party-the-night-away.html/

- C2C-inspired Tweet or Downloadable apps or screensavers that tell a C2C-
inspired story
4/30/201478
Source: http://appyourservice.nl/portfolio/park2020-app//

PLANNING GUIDE
For more information see:
http://www.rsm.nl/research/decision-
information-sciences/research/cradle-to-
cradle-for-innovation-and-quality/registry/
4/30/201479

A LA CARTE APPROACH
- Modular innovation tools: appetizer - main course - desert
4/30/201480
Source: Planning Guide

FINANCIAL INNOVATION POTENTIAL
4/30/201481
Source: Planning Guide

ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM
Rotterdam School of Management (RSM) &
Dutch Research Institute for Transitions (DRIFT)
Workshop Triple Tople Line
@ UT April 30th 2014
Cradle to Cradle® and C2C® are registered trademarks held by McDonough Braungart Design Chemistry, LLC (MBDC).

ASSIGNMENT
– Introduction first ideas on integral concept for “Lekker
Venlo”
– Which C2C principle(s)?
– What are the added values?
– Economic,
– Ecologic,
– Social Equity
4/30/2014 84

ASSIGNMENT
– Groupwork: Fill in the fractal triangle for the first ideas
• Again, the goal is not to balance competing perspectives but to optimize
and maximize value in all areas of the triangle through intelligent
design.
4/30/2014 85

ASSIGNMENT
Economy-Economy sector:
Here we are in the realm of extremely pure capitalism and the
questions we ask would certainly include:
• Can I make my product or provide my service at a profit?
• We tell our commercial clients that if the answer is no, don’t
do it.
• As we see it, the goal of an effective company is to stay in
business as it transforms, providing shareholder value as it
discovers ways to generate positive social and environmental
effects.
4/30/2014 86

ASSIGNMENT
Economy-Equity sector:
We consider questions of profitability and fairness.
• Are the employees producing a promising product earning a
living wage?
4/30/2014 87

ASSIGNMENT
Equity-Economy sector:
As we continue on to Equity-Economy, our focus shifts more
towards fairness – we begin to see Economy through the lens of
Equity. Here we might ask:
• Are men and women being paid the same for the same
work?
• Are we finding new ways to honor everyone involved,
regardless of race, sex, nationality or religion?
4/30/2014 88

ASSIGNMENT
Equity-Equity sector:
In the extreme Equity corner, the questions are purely social:
• Will the new factory improve the quality of life of all
stakeholders?
4/30/2014 89

ASSIGNMENT
Equity-Ecology sector:
In the Ecology corner of the Equity sector, the emphasis shifts again;
Equity is still in the foreground, but Ecology has entered the picture.
The questions arising at this intersection of values might explore:
• The ways in which a product, such as the ecologically sound
upholstery fabric, could enhance the health of employees
and customers.
4/30/2014 90

ASSIGNMENT
Ecology-Equity sector:
Continuing to Ecology-Equity, we consider questions of safety or
fairness in relation to the entire ecosystem:
• Will our product contribute to the health of the watershed?
4/30/2014 91

ASSIGNMENT
Ecology-Ecology sector:
In the pure Ecology sector we try to imagine how humans can be
‘‘tools for nature’’:
• Are we obeying nature’s laws?
• Creating habitat?
4/30/2014 92

ASSIGNMENT
Ecology-Economy sector:
Shifting to Ecology-Economy, commerce re-enters the picture:
• Is our ecological strategy economically viable?
• Will it enable us to use resources effectively?
4/30/2014 93

ASSIGNMENT
Economy-Ecology sector:
Finally, we come to Economy-Ecology, where we encounter many
questions that relate to the triple bottom line. Here the inquiry
tends to focus on efficiency:
• Will our production process use resources efficiently?
• Will it reduce waste?
4/30/2014 94

ASSIGNMENT
Triple Top Line Design:
Each of these questions presents an opportunity for creating value.
Together, they signal the possibility of acting with positive
intentions across a wide spectrum of human concerns.
Such intentions introduce a new standard of product quality,
performance and success.
4/30/2014 95

2. Quality of materials
– Defined pathways
– Defined use periods
– Design for disassembly
3. Soil production, Bio-nutrients
4. Climate, Air and Sound quality
5. Water quality
6. Produce more energy then one needs by using current solar
income
CELEBRATE DIVERSITY
7. Bio-diversity, Conceptual-diversity, Social-diversity,
Cultural-diversity
4/30/2014 96

FRACTAL TRIANGLE
97 4/30/2014

The launch of the Cradle to Cradle Building Manual in Denmark
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5y63OEgxxjY
- William McDonough 10:10-17:50 & 22:15-28:00
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=REzCGlNY3_U
- Michael Braungart 27:30-33:11 (and Douglas Mulhall)
4/30/2014 98

Cradle to Cradle in the Built Environment @UTwente 2014

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