Buenos Aires Drools Expert Presentation

Mark Proctor Project Lead
T he SkyNet funding bill is passed.
The system goes online on August 4th, 1997.
Human decisions are removed from strategic defense.
SkyNet begins to learn at a geometric rate.
It becomes self-aware at 2:14am Eastern time, August 29th
In a panic, they try to pull the plug.
And, Skynet fights back

Drools Vs BRMS Repository Rules and Metadata JBoss Enterprise BRMS Platform JBoss Rules Rules Engine/ Execution Rules Development & Management CEP Complex Events Jboss EWP

Drools Vs BRMS
Stand-alone Framework
Innovation
Fast and Frequent Releases
Tested on developer environments
Suitable for development and prototype
No Patches – On to next big thing
Non SLA bound forum support
Fully Integrated Platform
Same Innovated Code + Stability
Stability – Includes usability, performance and security issues identified during productization
Certified for Multi-OS, Multi-DB
Best for Development and Production
5 Yr lifecycle – Includes patches, updates, backward compatibility
SLA based full support from dedicated support engineers
Open Source Assurance – legal protection
derived

JBoss Community & Enterprise Changes Community / Enterprise Platform Delta BRMS Drools Enterprise Platforms - Performance, Scalability, Security and Qualityimprove over time without compromising long-term compatibility. 08/09 12/10 03/11 05/11 Over 150+ defect fixes & 35+ OS/JVM/DB certifications (& counting) between Drools Community 5.1 & JBoss BRMS 5.1.x

Evolution of JBoss BRMS 05/08 04/09 12/10 ?
Lightweight Business Rules Engine
Business Rules Engine
Authoring and Management App
Repository
EAP Certified
DBs, JVMs
Business Rules Engine
Authoring and Management App
Choice of Repository
Integrated Container
CEP – Tech Preview
EAP, EWS, EWP, JVMs, Dbs and more
Performance
Repository JBoss Enterprise BRMS Platform 5.0 JBoss Rules BRM Repository JBoss Enterprise BRMS Platform 5.1 JBoss Rules BRM CEP Jboss EWP

Back Up

Agenda
Community
History
Declarative Programming
Drools Expert
Quick Example Stateless/Stateful
Conditional elements
Timers and Calendars
Truth maintenance and Inference
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Sample Industries and Users
Investment
Millennium Investment Group (MIG)
Logistics
Fedex
Airline
Sabre
Mortgage
Franklin American
Healthcare
OSDE

Boot Camps
San Francisco 2009 (40+ attendees)
Sponsored by Third Pillar
Sun, FAMC, OSDE, Kaseya, Fedex, TU Group, Intermountain Healthcare, Gap, Sony Pictures, Lockheed Martin, Kaiser, HP, Wells Fargo, US Navy Research, FOLIOfn, Boeing .....
San Diego 2010 (80+ attendess)
Sponsored by US Navy
5 day event, with 2 days focus on the healthcare industry
OSDE, AT&T, SAIC, US Navy Research, Kaiser, Clinica, Intermountain Healthcare, GE Healthcare, VA, Boeing, Nationwide ....

Books
Introduction to Expert Systems
Peter Jackson
Expert Systems, Principles and Programming
Joseph C. Giarratano and Gary D. Riley

Oh And There are Drools Books Too

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

It All Started Here Birth of CDSS 1970s 1980s Dendral Baobab Mycin Guidon Neomycin Teiresias Puff Emycin WM Sacon Centaur Wheeze Gravida Clot Oncocin

Because Not Everyone Is As Smart As He Is

Business Rules Engines 1980s 2010s 1990s 2000s OPS5 ART Clips Jess Drools 2 JRules Drools 3 Drools 4 Drools 5

Drools History
Drools 2
Rete like XML Scripting language
Drools 3
Based on Clips functionality
Iterative improves to JRules syntax with Clips functionality
Drools 4
More declarative
Basic functional programming feature with “from”
Basic Rule Flow
Basic BRMS
Drools 5
Improved functional programming with 'accumulate'
More Advanced Rule Flow integration
Complex Event Process
Temporal Comparators
Sliding Time Windows
Production ready BRMS (Guvnor)

Drools History
Drools 5.1
Differential Diff (true modify)
Drools 5.2 (this month)
Freeform expressions between patterns
Multi-function accumulates
Prolog like derivation queries
Decision tables and rule templates (Guvnor)
Pure GWT (Guvnor)

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Integrated Systems Semantic Ontologies Rules Event Processes Workflows Rules Workflows Event Processes Semantic Ontologies

Integrated Systems

Production Rule Systems PRD (forward chaining)
Reactive
when Alarm( status == “alert” ) then send( “warning” )
Logic Programming LP (backward chaining)
Query
descendant( “mary”, “jane”)
Functional Programming FP
Map,Fold, Filter
avg([12, 16, 4, 6])
Returns single value 9.5
round([10.3, 4.7, 7.8] )
Returns List [10, 5, 8]
Description Logic
Person Has Name and LivesAt Address

Concepts Overview

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Classes

rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance += $amount; end select * from Account acc, Cashflow cf, AccountPeriod ap where acc.accountNo == cf.accountNo and cf.type == CREDIT cf.date >= ap.start and cf.date <= ap.end trigger : acc.balance += cf.amount Credit Cashflow Rule

rule “increase balance for AccountPeriod Credits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == CREDIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance += $amount; end rule “decrease balance for AccountPeriod Debits” when ap : AccountPeriod() acc : Account( $accountNo : accountNo ) CashFlow( type == DEBIT, accountNo == $accountNo, date >= ap.start && <= ap.end, $ammount : ammount ) then acc.balance -= $amount; end Rules as a “view”

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Definitions public class Applicant { private String name; private int age; private boolean valid; // getter and setter methods here } rule "Is of valid age" when $a : Applicant( age < 18 ) then modify ( $a ) { valid = false }; ends

Building KnowledgeBuilder kbuilder = KnowledgeBuilderFactory .newKnowledgeBuilder(); kbuilder .add( ResourceFactory .newClassPathResource( "licenseApplication.drl" , getClass() ), ResourceType.DRL ); if ( kbuilder .hasErrors() ) { System.err.println( kbuilder .getErrors().toString() ); } kbase .addKnowledgePackages( kbuilder .getKnowledgePackages() );

Executing StatelessKnowledgeSession ksession = kbase .newStatelessKnowledgeSession(); Applicant applicant = new Applicant ( "Mr John Smith" , 16 ); assertTrue ( applicant .isValid() ); ksession .execute( applicant ); assertFalse ( applicant .isValid() ); rule "Is of valid age" when $a : Applicant( age < 18 ) then modify ( $a ) { valid = false }; ends

Agenda
Product Overview
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Definitions public class Room { private String name // getter and setter methods here } public class Sprinkler { private Room room ; private boolean on ; // getter and setter methods here } public class Fire { private Room room ; // getter and setter methods here } public class Alarm { }

Definitions rule "When there is a fire turn on the sprinkler" when Fire ($room : room) $sprinkler : Sprinkler ( room == $room, on == false ) then modify ( $sprinkler ) { on = true }; println ( "Turn on the sprinkler for room " + $room.name ); end rule "When the fire is gone turn off the sprinkler" when $room : Room ( ) $sprinkler : Sprinkler ( room == $room, on == true ) not Fire ( room == $room ) then modify ( $sprinkler ) { on = false }; println ( "Turn off the sprinkler for room " + $room.name ); end

Definitions rule "Raise the alarm when we have one or more fires" when exists Fire () then insert ( new Alarm () ); println ( "Raise the alarm" ); end rule "Cancel the alarm when all the fires have gone" when not Fire () $alarm : Alarm () then retract ( $alarm ); println ( "Cancel the alarm" ); end

Definitions rule "Status output when things are ok" when not Alarm () not Sprinkler ( on === true ) then println ( "Everything is ok" ); end

Executing String [] names = new String []{ "kitchen" , "bedroom" , "office" , "livingroom" }; Map < String , Room > name2room = new HashMap < String , Room >(); for ( String name : names ){ Room room = new Room ( name ); name2room .put( name , room ); ksession .insert( room ); Sprinkler sprinkler = new Sprinkler ( room ); ksession .insert( sprinkler ); } ksession .fireAllRules() > Everything is ok

Executing Fire kitchenFire = new Fire ( name2room.get( "kitchen" ) ); Fire officeFire = new Fire ( name2room.get( "office" ) ); FactHandle kitchenFireHandle = ksession .insert( kitchenFire ); FactHandle officeFireHandle = ksession .insert( officeFire ); ksession .fireAllRules(); > Raise the alarm > Turn on the sprinkler for room kitchen > Turn on the sprinkler for room office

Executing ksession .retract( kitchenFireHandle ); ksession .retract( officeFireHandle ); ksession .fireAllRules() > Turn off the sprinkler for room office > Turn off the sprinkler for room kitchen > Cancel the alarm > Everything is ok rule "Status output when things are ok" when not Alarm () not Sprinkler ( on === true ) then println ( "Everything is ok" ); end

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

not Bus( color = “red” ) Conditional Elements exists Bus( color = “red” ) forall ( $bus : Bus( floors == 2 ) Bus( this == $bus, color == “red” ) ) forall ( $bus : Bus( color == “red” ) )

Accumulate CE rule "accumulate" when $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate ( Bus( color == "red" , $t : takings ) sum( $t ) ) then print "sum is “ + $sum; end

Accumulate CE Patterns and CE's can be chained with ' from ' rule "collect" when $zipCode : ZipCode() $sum : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate ( Bus( color == "red" , $t : takings ) from $hbn.getNamedQuery( “Find Buses” ) .setParameters( [ “zipCode” : $zipCode ] ) .list(), sum( $t ) ) then print "sum is “ + $sum; end

Aggregations Rule Engines do not deal with aggregations $n : Number( intValue > 100 ) from accumulate ( $s : StockTicker( symbol == “RHAT” ) over window:time ( 5s ), average ( $s.price ) ) Over 5 seconds Aggregate ticker price for RHAT over last 5 seconds The pattern 'Number' reasons 'from' the accumulate result

$c : Custumer( type == “VIP ) $oe : BuyOrderEvent( customer == $c ) from entry-point “Home Broker Stream” not BuyAckEvent( relatedEvent == $oe.id, this after[1s, 10s] $oe ) from entry-point “Stock Trader Stream” Operators Existing Drools 'not' Conditional Elements can be used to detect non-occurrence of events BackAckEvent must occur between 1s and 10s ' after' BuyOrderEvent

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Timers rule “name” timer ( cron: 0 0/15 * * * * ) when Alarm( ) then sendEmail( ”Alert Alert Alert!!!” ) Field Name Mandatory? Allowed Values Allowed Special Characters Seconds YES 0-59 , - * / Minutes YES 0-59 , - * / Hours YES 0-23 , - * / Day of month YES 1-31 , - * ? / L W Month YES 1-12 or JAN-DEC , - * / Day of week YES 1-7 or SUN-SAT , - * ? / L # Year NO empty, 1970-2099 , - * / Send alert every quarter of an hour

Calendars rule "weekdays are high priority" calendars "weekday" timer (int:0 1h) when Alarm() then send( "priority high - we have an alarm” ); end rule "weekend are low priority" calendars "weekend" timer (int:0 4h) when Alarm() then send( "priority low - we have an alarm” ); end Execute now and after 1 hour duration Execute now and after 4 hour duration

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

TMS and Inference rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" when $p : Person ( age < 16 ) then insert(new ChildBusPass ( $p ) ); end rule "Issue Adult Bus Pass" when $p : Person ( age >= 16 ) then insert(new AdultBusPass ( $p ) ); end Couples the logic What happens when the Child stops being 16?

TMS and Inference
Bad
Monolithic
Leaky
Brittle integrity - manual maintenance

TMS and Inference
A rule “logically” inserts an object
When the rule is no longer true, the object is retracted.
when $p : Person ( age < 16 ) then logicalInsert ( new IsChild ( $p ) ) end when $p : Person ( age >= 16 ) then logicalInsert ( new IsAdult ( $p ) ) end de-couples the logic Maintains the truth by automatically retracting

TMS and Inference rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" when $p : Person ( ) IsChild ( person =$p ) then logicalInsert ( new ChildBusPass ( $p ) ); end rule "Issue Adult Bus Pass" when $p : Person ( age >= 16 ) IsAdult ( person =$p ) then logicalInsert ( new AdultBusPass ( $p ) ); end The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" when $p : Person ( ) not ( ChildBusPass ( person == $p ) ) then requestChildBusPass( $p ); end The truth maintenance cascades

TMS and Inference
Good
De-couple knowledge responsibilities
Encapsulate knowledge
Provide semantic abstractions for those encapsulation
Integrity robustness – truth maintenance

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Backward Chaining query isChild( Person p ) $p : Person ( age <= 16 ) end rule "Issue Child Bus Pass" when $p : Person ( ) ?isChild ( $p ) then logicalInsert ( new ChildBusPass ( $p ) ); end

Backward Chaining query isContainedIn( String x, String y ) Location ( x, y; ) or ( Location ( z, y; ) and ?isContainedIn ( x, z; ) ) end rule reactiveLook when Here ( place : place) ?isContainedIn ( place, "keys" ; ) then System.out.println( "We have found your keys" ); end

Agenda
Community
History
Drools Expert
Backward chaining
Roadmap

Roadmap
Drools
Improved backward chaining (open queries)
Optimistic backward chaining.
Business Semantics (ontologies)
Simulation Testing
High Availability
Distributed (Grid) platform
Runtime Management
BAM

Questions? Questions?
Dave Bowman : All right, HAL; I'll go in through the emergency airlock.
HAL : Without your space helmet, Dave, you're going to find that rather difficult.
Dave Bowman : HAL, I won't argue with you anymore! Open the doors!
HAL : Dave, this conversation can serve no purpose anymore. Goodbye.
Joshua: Greetings, Professor Falken. Stephen Falken : Hello, Joshua. Joshua: A strange game. The only winning move is not to play. How about a nice game of chess?

Buenos Aires Drools Expert Presentation

by Mark Proctor

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