Game on! Designing for a Playful Future

Game On! Marigo RaftopoulosDesigning for a playful future Strategic|Games|Lab

WARNING!THIS SESSION HAS BEEN GAMIFIED!

Level 1: Why games are epicLevel 2: Game structure & designLevel 3: Gamification 101Level 4: From engagement to immersion

Now - Let’s Play! This is your warm up Tutorial

What kind of player are you?Type 1: Type 2: Type 3: Type 4:I like to win points I like to solve I like to interact with I thrive onand achievements puzzles, dig around other players during competition, either(and receive and discover things games, especially in building orrewards and in a game. Building building things destroying things. Imrecognition for my characters and going together or going on in it for the sport, theefforts). I like to beat on an adventure quests. I love it when strategy, controllingthe game and my within a great game people share things things and readingopponents! story really keeps me in a game and form a moves. I play to win going. close bond. and gain power. Which statement best describes your usual style of playing games?

Bartle’s Player Types 1996 Type 4 Type 1 Type 3 Type 2What kind of player are you? Wear your “badge” with pride!

Your gamer profile CPX n=27 Twitter/Facebook n=32($!"# ($!"#(!!"# GAMES (!!"# GAMES !"# !"# &!"# &!"# %!"# %!"# *--<80C0,# *--<80C0,# $!"# $!"# /*87;9D<EF3# /*87;9D<EF3# !"# !"# -+?9D<G00H9D# -+?9D<G00H9D# # .# # 1# ## # .# # # # 1# ## # # 01 01 +- 01 01 01 +- 01 01 01 @. @. 23 23 / / +/ / +/ +/ <?@ <?@ +/ +/ A3 A3 .+ + .+ ?90 ?90 #. 9#. #. 9#. #. #. = = -# -# , , *> *> 90 B?+ 90 B?+ 70 70 +, +, = = * * <= = 56 56 )* )* :* :* 81 81 0< / / 80 0# 0# 4* 4* 8 4* 4* 9?8 9?8 ;* ;* A8 A8 75 75 +, +, :/ :/ (!"# )!"# $"# AGE BARTLE’S (!"# !"# !"# &$"# &!"# 01234567894:,,;# &!"# :;-<.0=>7+.?55@# %$"# <=># ABC# %!"# %!"# $!"# $"# !"# !"# )*#+,#&$# &-.$# -.($# (-.$$# $-/# *+,-./.0# 123450.0# 65+-74-8.0# 9--4.0#

Game Instructions:• Form a team• A Scavenger Hunt in three sections• Find, name or do the activities in the time allowed• You must complete at least two activities from each section• The team with the highest score completed in the alloted time wins•Play nice!

Now, please enter... The Magic CircleHomo Ludens (Man the Player), Johan Huizinga 1938

What have we learned?• Well, we got to know each other a little better :P• Discussion: What did you feel while playing?• Game Genre: Scavenger hunt• Game Mechanic: Collecting, points, social exchanges• Game Dynamic: Leveling in 3 layers, progressively challenging• Gamification: Using a scavenger hunt to learn about game tools & flow

Game On!Level 1: Why games are epic

Humans are wired toplay• Survival• Race• Competition• Hunt• Battle• Social organisation• Counting

Wired to game• Dopamine release in mid-brain region motivation to acquire pleasure and rewards• Complicated at the hormonal level by testosterone and cortisol release when concentrating and competing• Decision making takes place elsewhere, in the prefrontal cortex• Wanting disassociated from

Senet (Passing): Egypt Circa 1550-1069BC

Senet was compelling• Competitive• Meaningful• Epic journey• Danger• Urgency• Entertaining

It’s all aboutengagement• Psychological, emotional and social power of games• Compelling, addictive and intrinsically rewarding• Disengagement is the fault of the designer - not the player

Digital natives are ournext gen leaders• An era from passive consumption to immersive experiences• Institutions that are ‘backward facing’ ignore the challenge of tomorrow

Leaders of a bravenew world• Pervasive• Augmented• Accessible• Realtime• Global• An era of increasing complexity and intractable problems• Require a different skill set

The GamerGeneration• 10,000 hours of gameplay by age 21*• 3 billion hours per week online• Mastery: leadership, collaboration, strategy, virtual teams• Higher order skill development• Expectations for immersive experiences *Jane McGonigal, Institute for the Future

Some perspective• Social games (eg. Facebook Top25) • 76m active daily users• World of Warcraft: • 12 million monthly subscriptions • WOW wiki second largest• Global games industry $60 billion• Forecast growth $70 billion 2015

Games tap into Flow• Autonomy*• Mastery• Purpose• However our institutions are designed for throughput and efficiency• Edward Castonova: We are seeing a mass exodus to virtual or synthetic worlds * Mihali C and Dan Pink

What can business learnfrom a game designer?• Creating possibility spaces (Structure & hierarchy)• Creating experiences (Processes & workflows)• Enabling participation (Systems & technology)• Facilitating community (Culture & values)• Requires a mind shift

Are you ready to level up?? Take the quiz...

Level 2: Game structure & design

Designing the player journey• Game Story - the soul of the game, the backbone of gameplay• Game System - software, interface, visual, audio• Game Mechanics - mechanisms or systems of incentives, feedback & rewards to govern or drive behavior towards predictive outcomes - help drive the journey, but is not the core experience• Game Dynamics - evolution and patterns over time to make gameplay more interesting and engaging. Balance skill and challenge to maintain player motivation• Game Theory - is a branch of mathematics!!

Game story: the narrative thread that binds eventstogether and drives the player forward towardscompletion of the game. Doug ChurchInteractive Storytelling: needs to define a significantpurpose, premise and quandaries in the story. It musthave an artistic quality. Andrew Glassner

Simple example of game http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Iz7ON4mp40Qstory: The Hero’s Journey

Fear and anger Taps into innate human fears

Imagery of death if you ignoreThe problem is now yours the challenge

Okay, now its personal Really personal!

Mythological monsters There is no escape

To do nothing makes you Imagery of being outcast weak & a coward

Heroes know what they have Imagery of a heavenly reward if to do - save the world you take on this mission

Psychological symbols of deepGreek mythology anyone? inner journeys & problem

Classic survival choices Flight or fight? Heroes fight!humans are hard wired for

Feedback loops keep you Yeah, girls too!going & keep you informed

You have an arsenal, toolkit & Choices, skills & strategy selection - you’re good to goreal-time info at your disposal

The better you play, the You need better gear to do amore challenging it gets better job, right?

Three key missions Keep it simple and personal

You are empowered. It’s all about YOU You are the Hero.

What gamers say about game story

Are you ready to level up?? Design a game pitch!

Game Pitch [e.g. a game for social good?]•The name of the game is __________________•The story is about ________________________•The target player is _______________________•Who will be solving the problem of _______________ Later we will gamify your pitch with...•Using secret game sauce of _______________, _________________ and ___________________.

Level 3: Gamification 101

What is Gamification?• Definition: a process of incorporating gameplay elements into non-gaming applications, products and services • improve user experience • build engagement • create customer loyalty• Designing the player journey• Gamification helps drive the journey but it’s not the core

Entry level gamificationis mostly extrinsic• Social• Experiences• Progression• Status & success• Currency & rewards• Scarcity• Design & interface• Multi dimensional

How do we use it?• Eight popular mechanics here• Select combinations wisely• Selection criteria based on: • who is your customer? • what is your objective? • what is your budget?• Gamification must be fit for purpose

Social• gaming as a social activity• friends as part of the shared experience• technique: sense of belonging• mechanic: add friends, sharing, like/dislike, chat

Experiences• gamify the everyday• setting goals• giving rewards• technique: need for recognition & accomplishment• mechanic: badges, tokens, trophies

Progression• progression points, tracking and feedback• feedback loops to prompt desired or target action• technique: stimulus response to feedback• mechanic: progress bar, points, prompts

Status & Success• leader boards and points to acknowledge desired actions and behaviors• stimulate competition and give recognition• technique: build status and success, appeal to ego• mechanics: leaderboards, exclusive membership levels and privileges, black/platinum/ gold cards

Currency & Rewards• incentives based on time or money• built on points or tokens to earn virtual currency• redeem virtual currency for virtual goods (in-game) or real world goods or services• technique: reward seeking motivation• mechanic: gold coins, real/ virtual currency

Create Scarcity• creating artificial economies to simulate scarcity in sought after virtual or real goods• technique: encouraging purchases based on prestige and feelings on ‘missing out’ on an offer• mechanic: creation of a rare/ scarce products, icons, symbols, sales promotions, creating perceptions of value

Design & Interface• creating the look and feel of a game without inherent gameplay elements• technique: create altered or renewed perceptions of existing products or services• mechanic: influence perceptions through look/feel, imagery and visual stimulations

Multi Dimensional• integrating cross-media functionality and interest• experience of the integration of film, music, games and merchandise• gamified smartphone applications & web services connected to real world activities e.g health and wellness• technique: creating utility and deeper social experiences• Mechanic: utility, free, status

Please use gamificationresponsibly• Cognitive limitations: • projection bias • neglect of probability • illusion of control • fear of losses • post purchase rationalisation• Visual & perceptive limitations: • selective attention bias • pattern-seeking bias

Are you ready to level up??“Gamify” your storyboard...

Game Pitch [e.g. a game for social good?]•The name of the game is __________________•The story is about ________________________•The target player is _______________________•Who will be solving the problem of _______________ Later we will gamify your pitch with...•Using secret game sauce of _______________, _________________ and ___________________.

Level 4: From engagement to immersion

Deep Dive into Flow:Immersive Game Play Immersion comes through intrinsic motivation, triggers and emotions Key game dynamics incorporate ‘flow’ which are more complex neurological drivers of behaviour * Meaning * Dynamic challenge * Mastery * Autonomy and control * Create and build * Surprise and discovery * Randomness and luck

Workplaces• Project management• Change management• Email management• Organization design• “The Target Game”• Balance of Hard Fun, Easy Fun, Serious Fun, People Fun (Nicole Lazzaro)

Schools• “WOW In Schools Campaign” USA - Leadership, Teamwork, Collaboration, Strategy, Economics• Mathletics & Spellodrome online• Handheld Learning initiative UK• Legacy of the failure of ‘edutainment’• Kids have high expectations of gameplay (& education has low production budgets)

Healthcare• Physical and cognitive therapy• Exercise and movement - Wii Fit, Kinect, Nike+, DanceGames & ExerGames to maintain motivation & focus• Assistive technologies and smart phone apps for medication tracking• “Mental Health Game”

Communities• Playful community “street” experiences• Community building• Games4Change Initiative• Institute for the Future: World Without Oil• NYPL Scavenger Hunt (reconnect with history, library books)• “Fun Theory”

Keep in mind• Don’t bolt on - holistic design process• A poor product/service/environment won’t be improved by gamification• Game design is emergent - start slowly, carefully. Iterate. (10%design/ 90% iteration)• Beware of unintended consequences• Design around intrinsic motivators - amplify meaning, autonomy, mastery• Focus on positive behaviors by making them more visible• Simplicity

Game pitch

My son’s teacher said to me: “Well, not everyone lives up to their potential...”I believe that we cannot afford to entertain such limiting belief systems

How will you extend your magic circle?

Thank you for playing ! Marigo Raftopoulos Mobile/Cell: +61 (0)412 183735 Skype: marigo.raftopoulos Twitter:@MarigoBlog: http://talesfromthecasbah.blogspot.com Web: www.strategicgameslab.com

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Game on! Designing for a Playful Future

by Marigo Raftopoulos on May 03, 2011

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Game on! Designing for a Playful Future — Presentation Transcript