creative commons

UKOLN is supported by: An Introduction to Creative Commons RSC-SW event Monday 24th June 2009 Marieke Guy Research Officer www.bath.ac.uk This work is licensed under a Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence

Copyright  Public Domain?
Have a think about whether, based on these quotations, the people were pro-copyright or for works being in the public domain
“ If I have seen further it is by standing on ye shoulders of Giants.”- Isaac Newton
“ If you cannot protect what you own, you don’t own anything.”- Jack Valenti, 2002
“ I wonder what kind of world is it where anyone can sing anyone else’s song.”- Frank McCourt, Angela’s Ashes, 1996
“ The secret to creativity is knowing how to hide your sources.” - Albert Einstein
“ Diffused Knowledge Immortalizes Itself.” - Sir James Mackintosh

Introduction to UKOLN
UKOLN is a National centre of expertise in digital information management
Library and cataloguing background
Located at the University of Bath
Funded by JISC and MLA to advise UK HE and FE communities and the cultural heritage sector
Many areas of work including:
Digital preservation: DCC
Metadata, registry work
Repositories: eBank, Intute, SWORD, DRIVER
Dissemination: Ariadne, International Journal of Digital Curation
eScience: eCrystals….etc.

Introduction to Me
Been at UKOLN 9 years
Now a remote worker
Member of the Community & Outreach Team
Currently working on:
Good APIs project
Chair of the Institutional Web Management Workshop
Cultural heritage work
Previous roles/projects include:
JISC-PoWR, JISC Standards Catalogue, QA Focus, SPP Project Manager, ePrints UK project manager, Public Library Focus work, NOF-digitise, Web Magazines

Workshop Programme
Presentation: Introducing Creative Commons
20 minutes
Do It Yourself - A chance for you to try out some of the tools
20 minutes
Presentation: Creative Commons case studies
10 minutes
Discussion/final thoughts- A chance for you to think about the challenges
10 minutes

Workshop Resources
All resources (and more) linked with Delicious tag: http://delicious.com/mariekeguy/rsc-sw-200906
Slides are available at: http://www.slideshare.net/MariekeGuy/creative-commons
Feel free to email me (m.guy@ukoln.ac.uk) or follow me on Twitter (mariekeguy)

Copyright in the UK
Originated in the 18th century to ensure that authors were properly remunerated for their work
Current UK copyright law is bound by:
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988
Copyright Act 1956
Copyright Act 1911
International Copyright Act 1886 and the Berne Convention
Copyright comes into being as soon as the work is fixed
The creator usually owns the rights

The Rights of Ownership
Copyright law gives the owner of the property certain rights:
who can copy the work
who can adapt the work
who can distribute the work
Only the owner of the copyright has these rights
Owners of copyright may provide a set of permissions in the form of a licence:
set the parameters for copying
allow (or not) certain forms of adaptation
limit (or not) distribution rights etc.
Someone who agrees to be bound by the constraints of the licence is a licensee

So What is Creative Commons?
Creative Commons defines the spectrum of possibilities between full copyright (all rights reserved) and the public domain (no rights reserved).
CC licenses allow creators to retain copyright, while inviting certain uses of the work, a "some rights reserved" copyright

Where does CC come from?
Creative Commons is a movement that has evolved from open source software ideas and licences
Creative Commons was founded in 2001 by a group of American legal academics, creators and entrepreneurs
Board of Directors that includes cyberlaw and IP experts Michael Carroll, Molly Shaffer Van Houweling, Lawrence Lessig, filmmakers, entrepreneurs, journalist
The idea was to generate a number of easy-to-use licences with which creators could share their work to the public while maintaining certain control over it
There are now 130 million works using CC licences (April 2009)

http://creativecommons.org/

CC Baseline Rights
Licensors retain their copyright
Fair use (fair dealing), free speech and other rights are not affected by licence
Licensees will have to obtain specific permission to perform one of the acts restricted by the licence
Copyright notices should be maintained in all copies of the work
Every copy of the work should maintain a link to the licence
Licensees cannot use Technical Protection Measures on their work
Licensees cannot alter any terms of the licence
Licences apply worldwide, last for the duration of the work’s copyright and are not revocable
http://wiki.creativecommons.org/Baseline_Rights

CC Licence Elements
Attribution: The work is made available to the public with the baseline rights, but only if the author receives proper credit
Non-commercial: The work can be copied, displayed and distributed by the public, but only if these actions are for non-commercial purposes.
No derivative works: This licence grants baseline rights, but it does not allow derivative works to be created from the original.
Share-Alike: Derivative works can be created and distributed based on the original, but only if the same type of licence is used, which generates a “viral” licence.
"Derivative Work" means any work created by the editing, modification, adaptation or translation of the Work in any media

Types of Licence http://creativecommons.org/about/licenses/meet-the-licenses Attribution - Non Commercial - No Derivatives by-nc-nd Attribution - Non Commercial - Share Alike by-nc-sa Attribution - No Derivatives by-nd Attribution - Share Alike by-sa Attribution - Non Commercial by-nc Attribution by

Other Licences
Sampling Plus
Noncommercial Sampling Plus
Retired Licences
Sampling Licence
Developing Nations
Public Domain Certification (PDC)
Founders Copyright
CC0 (worldwide)
Open Source licences

http://creativecommons.org/license/

Forms of Licence Machine-Readable Digital Code Lawyer Readable Legal Code Human-Readable Commons Deed

Licence Metadata
Resource Description Framework (RDF) metadata is used in the machine readable licence
Lines of code given to you with licence
You can also embed metadata in RSS, Audio (MP3 and Ogg), XMP (PDF, image formats), SMIL
Working on other formats
For non-Web content it is suggested you embed a link to a licence information page
You can embed metadata using CC tools e.g. in MP3s using ccPublisher

International CC
CC licences originally written using an American legal model
The licences were popular and adopted by users all around the world
However, there was a possibility that there might be validity problems in some jurisdictions
iCommons - offshoot of the licensing project dedicated to the drafting and eventual adoption of jurisdiction-specific licences
52 jurisdictions have completed licences (April 2009)
7 jurisdictions licences are being developed
at least 70 local jurisdiction licenses expected

CC in the UK
CC-UK project started late 2003
Complexities of UK law meant creation of 2 set of licences
CC United Kingdom: England and Wales
Completed April 2005 (version 2.0)
Licence ported by Programme in Comparative Media Law and Policy at Oxford University
Still using version 2.0
CC United Kingdom: Scotland
Completed December 2005 (version 2.5)
Licence ported by the AHRB Centre for Studies in Intellectual Property and Technology Law at Edinburgh University
Still using version 2.5
Ireland licence still in draft

iCommons
Organisation with a broad vision to develop a united global commons front
Collaborating with open education, access to knowledge, free software, open access publishing and free culture communities around the world
Features projects that encourage collaboration across borders and communities
Organised the iSummit in 2008
Has 50 nodes all over the world

Other CC Work
Science Commons
Video
ccLearn
Tools - CC Publisher, CC lookup, browser plugins
Searching
Blog, Wiki and mailing lists
Fundraising
Features on relevant artists
http://sciencecommons.org

Wikipedia
May 21 st 2009 - Wikipedia community votes 75% in favour of CC BY-SA
Vote carried out for members who had made over 25 edits to a Wikimedia site
Previously GNU Free Documentation Licence (GFDL)
Now dual licensing – users can choose which licence to use
This change is meant to advance the Wikimedia Foundation’s mission by increasing the compatibility and availability of free content

Searching CC Material
CC Search
Content Directories
Google advanced search
Yahoo advanced search
Flickr advanced search
Adding your search engine to CC Search
CCSearch integration
CCOpen Search
Firefox extension
Finding free to use images online

http://search.creativecommons.org/

Do It Yourself (20 Minutes)
Have a think about a work you’ve created and would like to create a CC licence for
Create a licence at: http://creativecommons.org/license/
Think of an image you would like to find
Search for CC materials at: http://search.creativecommons.org/
Watch some of the CC videos at: http://creativecommons.org/videos/

CC Case Studies
Roger McGuinn’s Folk Den
Vores Øl (Our Beer)
QA Focus
MIT’s Open Courseware
Accelerando
Elephants Dream
Nine Inch Nails album

Roger McGuinn’s Folk Den
Roger McGuinn of the Byrds established the Folk Den in 1995 as a way to use the Web to carry on the American folk music tradition
McGuinn publishes his own performances of traditional (public domain) songs alongside performances of his own songs
He posts the songs, the chords, the lyrics, images and a little story about each item
McGuinn makes every recording available for download under a US CC Attribution-NoDerivs-NonCommercial 3.0 Licence
He shares the public domain material, but when he records a solo CD of new material it is kept in traditional copyright
McGuinn feels the key is spreading and preserving traditional folk songs

QA Focus #1
QA Focus was funded by JISC to develop a quality assurance (QA) framework which would help ensure that project deliverables funded under JISC’s digital library programmes were functional, widely accessible and interoperable
During the project over 70 briefing papers and over 30 case-studies were released on a variety of subjects
These resources are available in a number of formats from the QA Focus Web site
As part of the project’s exit strategy it was decided to release the documents under a licence in order to in maximise impact across the community
Three possibilities were considered:
Develop a bespoke licence
Modify an existing licence
Use an existing licence

QA Focus #2
After a review of available options the CC Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 2.0 licence was chosen for the briefing papers
It was decided *not* to use the CC licence on the case studies due to IPR issues
The briefing papers were updated to include the CC logo and text
The machine-readable description of the licence was embedded in RDF format on the HTML pages
This structured rights metadata allows search engines to provide much richer searching capabilities
Briefing papers continue to be added to the QA Focus Web site and are all available under a CC licence

Vores Øl (Our Beer) #1
“ Free software is a matter of liberty, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of 'free' as in 'free speech,' not as in 'free beer.”
Open source beer produced by a group of students from the IT University of Copenhagen, in collaboration with Superflex, an art organisation
Version 1.0 is a medium strong beer (6% vol) with a deep golden red colour and an original but familiar taste!
It has added guarana for a natural energy-boost!

Vores Øl (Our Beer) #2
The recipe and brand are licenced under an Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 licence
Anyone can use the recipe to brew the beer or to create a derivative of the recipe. Brewers can earn money from Our Beer, but have to publish the recipe under the same licence and credit the original work.
People can also use all the design and branding elements, and are free to change them at will provided they publish the changes under the same licence
The Vores Øl Web site also has a a forum for sharing sounds and music related to Our Beer called Sound Bazaar

MIT Open Courseware #1
In 2001 Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) announced that they would be creating Open Courseware in order to:
provide free, searchable, coherent access to MIT's course materials for educators in the non-profit sector, students, and individual learners around the world.
Create an efficient, standards-based model that other universities may emulate to publish their own course materials
The pilot site went live in September 2002
There are currently over 1,100 courses are available

MIT Open Courseware #2
The site is free and open educational resource for faculty, students, and self-learners around the world
It does not require any registration, but does not grant degree certificates or access to MIT faculty
In January 2003 the OCW initiative adopted a slightly modified version of the Creative Commons licence
MIT Open Courseware License Version 1.0
It is similar to an Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike Licence
‘ How to’ Web site aims to inspire other institutions to openly share their course materials

Accelerando #1
Charles Stross is a science fiction novelist based in Edinburgh, Scotland
He has published a number of novels and numerous short stories (in various SF magazines)
In order to put it to good use Stross released Scratch Monkey, a short novel that he finished in 1993, on his Web site under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 licence
In 2005 Stross released a new Novel, titled Accelerando, as a free ebook under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 licence
The novel is available in a number of formats - plain HTML, rich Text format, PDF, Plucker e-book, Palm DOC format, ASCII
It is also available to buy online and from bookstores for $24.95

Elephants Dream #1
3D animated short created using only Open Source tools by the Orange Open Movie Project
Supported by the Blender Foundation and the Netherlands Media Art Institute, Montevideo/Time Based Arts
Project was community-financed
Released on 18 May 2006 as a free and public download, by the end of May half a million downloads
The Open Movie project involved opening up the entire studio database for everyone to re-use and learn from

Elephants Dream #2
The film and production files are licensed as Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 Licence
Use requires a proper crediting for public screening, re-using and distribution only
Large collection of files so information explaining what/how to credit
Logos and DVD cover excluded from CC
By June some edited versions of the film have started to appear, new soundtrack, edited images etc.

Nine Inch Nails
In 2008 NIN released 2 albums: Ghost I-IV and Slip under a CC licence
Released under a US CC Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0
Both albums were downloaded for free and shared legally millions of times by fans under the terms of this licence
At the same time, NIN found great financial success in selling cool, well-crafted, limited edition physical editions of both sets
Apparently NIN made at least $750k from CC release in just two days
Nominated for Grammy awards
Many other writers following (e.g. Radiohead, Jay Bennett)

CC Issues
Do CC licences change the nature of copyright?
Do CC licences change the set of rights that may be licensed by the copyright holder, the licensor?
Do Creative Commons licences change the set of permissions available to the licensee?
No – the set of available rights remains exactly as it was and is
But CC is not always a green light – you still need to use your common sense

CC for Information Professionals
Information professionals are:
Key participants in creative culture
Guardians of the commons
They will want to:
have clear examples to hand as to how to use Creative Commons licences direction, in combination, and in conjunction with material that does not have a CC licence
consider metadata schemes for capturing licence use on a per item basis
be wary of technological solutions to digital rights management as these violate the CC licence

Questions?

creative commons

by Marieke Guy on Jun 19, 2009

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