1. By
MANISHA VAGHELA
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 1

2. • A human relationship involving two or more
persons who come together to share, to dialogue
and to commune.
• Thus, communication is not just an act or a
process but also a social and cultural
togetherness.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 2

3. According to Denis Mcquail, “Communication is a process
which increases commonality – but also requires elements of
commonality for it to occur at all.”
A common language for instance does bring people together
but language alone does not suffice for communication to take
place. There are other factors too at play such as a shared
culture and a common interest which bring about a sense of
commonality and more significantly, a sense of community.
The Sanskrit term, „Sadharanikaran‟ comes closest tto the term
of „common‟ or „commonness‟ usually associated with
communication.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 3

4. • A human being‟s need for communication is as strong as the
need to eat, sleep and love.
• Communication is as much a natural need as it is a social
requirement in order to engage in the sharing of
experiences, through symbol mediated interaction.
• It requires active interaction with our physical, biological
and social environments.
• The basic human need for communication can perhaps be
traced to the process of mankind‟s evolution from lower
species.
• Excommunication or lack of communication may lead to
sensory deprivation, anxiety, depraved judgement, strange
visions.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 4

5. The Communication Process
This involves a series of actions taking place that involve various
types of expressions, interpretations, response.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 5

6. 1. The sender has an idea: The intent of this phase is to start the process at a time
when a sender intentionally decide to send a message to someone else. So, the
sender has an idea.
2. The Sender encodes the idea: When encoding one‟s idea, one has to pick the
code that will fit the message and that will allow the receiver to understand.
Humans use a multitude of symbols to represent their ideas. Some symbols are
linguistic (verbal or written) code developed into complex languages.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 6

7. Languages are many: the Morse code, the Braille language, the American
Sign Language, and all the spoken and dead languages of the world. Other
symbols are also in use to communicate: mathematical
formulas, paintings, pictographs, hieroglyphs, traffic signals, zip
codes, baseball gestures signalling instructions from managers to players.
3. The sender transmits the message: In order for the sender to transmit the
encoded message, the sender has to choose a channel, a medium through
which to send the message. Senders can send information verbally or
nonverbally. In nonverbal communication, messages are sent through
gestures, tone of voice, use of space, etc. In verbal communication, messages
are sent through speeches or through documents.
A good medium is one that (1) can convey a message using more than one
type of clue (visual and verbal and vocal), (2) can facilitate feedback, and (3)
can establish personal focus. The richest medium is a face-to-face
conversation
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 7

8. 4. The receiver gets the message:
5. The receiver decodes the message: The receiver always decodes the message
using his or her knowledge of the code used to encode the message.
6. The receiver send feedback to the sender
Using the same phases as the sender, the receiver send a message back to the
sender providing information on his or her level of comprehension of the message.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 8

9. Noices or barriers to communication process:
Throughout the communication process, unintentional interferences
occur, distorting or interrupting the process. These interferences are called
noises. Noises can be real noises, auditory stimuli, like phones
ringing, people talking. Noises distractions and distortions as well: static
over a phone, solar flares altering a television‟s reception, or psychological
illnesses modifying how people perceive the world.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 9

10. Communication without noises has yet to happen. Therefore, recognizing the
sources of noise and attempting to minimize its effect is essential to improving
the efficiency of one‟s communication.
Channel: A Channel is the link between the sender and the receiver and is an
essential tool for communication. The Channel should be chosen
appropriately at the appropriate time and for the appropriate audience in
order for it to function effectively.
Feedback: It means response or reaction to the sender once the message is
received.
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 10

11. Types of Communication
1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Group Communication
4. Mass Communication
5. Mass-line Communication
vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 11

12. vaghela_manisha13@yahoo.
com BY:-MANISHA VAGHELA 12