4 pre planning stakeholders analysis (hu)

Project Planning 2: Pre-Planning and Stakeholder Analysis

Overview of this session
Project Cycle Step 1
What is Project Pre-Planning?
Planning Tools
PROBLEM TREE
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
OBJECTIVES ANALYSIS
ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS
Exercise and Comments

“ ZOPP / GOPP / OOPP Goal Oriented Project Planning “ Planning … aimed at the needs of target groups, the key parts of a project agreed with those concerned ”

Generic Project Cycle Identification Appraisal Negotiation and Approval Implementation & Monitoring Evaluation

ZOPP and the Project Cycle GTZ - 5 ZOPP Stages
Pre-project planning
Starting Appraisal
Partner Negotiation
Plan Finalization
Implementation and Monitoring
Evaluation

ZOPP and the Project Cycle GTZ - 5 ZOPP Stages
Starting Appraisal : (Ex-Ante) in-house, prepare Terms of Reference
Partner Negotiation : coordinate conclusions and recommendations with staff of project in-country
Plan Finalization ( Take-off): in-country preparation of the plan of operations with personnel responsible for project execution and counterpart authorities.
Implementation and Monitoring
Evaluation ( Replanning and ex-post): in-country; adjustments during project implementation, Review

Pre Project Planning:
Identify Problem
Problem Analysis
Stakeholder consultations
Preliminary feasibility study
Identification of funding agencies
Consideration of possible approaches
Site consultation

Pre Project Planning:
Possible outputs
Concept note/paper
Proposal
Preliminary feasibility report

In-house exercise by agency
Problem Analysis
Problem Identification: Problem Tree
Stakeholder Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Alternatives Analysis

1. P r o b l e m Analysis
Identify the major problem faced by the beneficiaries
Develop a problem tree
Identify the stakeholders affected in the proposed project

P r o b l e m Analysis
Objectives Analysis
Alternatives Analysis
Strategies Analysis

Problem Tree
A process of putting a lot of problems on cards, and then sorting
causes
effects
By sorting these you will find a natural focal point (or points) – the core problem
Note: this is different to Visualisation in Participatory Processes where the core problem has already been identified

How to do problem analysis
Identify key problems in a given situation (brainstorming)
Select a starter problem
Look for related problems to the starter problem
Establish hierarchy of causes and effects
problems which are directly causing the starter problem are placed above (or below)
problems which are direct effects of the starter problem are placed below (or above)
Complete with all other problems
Review the diagram
Is the starter problem you chose the core problem
Is it true and complete

Problem Tree

2. Stakeholder Analysis
Consider appropriate level for analysis
Identify key stakeholders
Look at their needs, characteristics, circumstances
Identify patterns of interaction between stakeholders
Assess power (influence) and potential (importance)

Stakeholder Analysis: List Secondary Primary Participation Influence on project Importance to Project Key Interests Stakeholders

Stakeholder Analysis: List Example: School Attendance May be high Medium – depends on approach High – implementers? Their job, role, status Teachers Maybe small High – control children Have authority over the children Child’s future Parents Engaged at various stages Small – they do what they are told The target group Get work School Age Children Participation Influence on project Importance to Project Key Interests Stake-holders

Sort into groups
Importance is how much a stakeholder stands to lose or gain from the project.
Influence is how much a stakeholder can affect project success.
 Matrix

Stakeholder Analysis: Matrix Low Influence High Influence High Potential Significance or Importance Low Importance Influential stakeholders but with less importance for outputs. They affect outcome of activities and need careful management The interests of these should be monitored to ensure that they are not negatively affected Project Managers will need good working relationships with these stakeholders to ensure support for project activities May need special initiatives if needs are to be met. The Target Group should be here

Stakeholder Analysis: Matrix Example: School Attendance Project Low Influence High Influence High Potential Significance or Importance Low Importance Elders Monks Women’s Association Teachers Dept of Education Children

Take a Break

Exercise: Problem Tree & Stakeholder Analysis
Choose a problem in the community
Divide in 2 groups
1. Do a problem tree
2. Do a stakeholder analysis matrix

3. Objectives Analysis
Change the Problem Tree into an Objectives Tree
Change the negative problems into positive outcomes
“ no staff in clinic’ becomes “fully staffed clinic”

Example: Problem Tree

Becomes: Objective Tree Sufficient Funds Best Practice Water Administration Low Rate of Disease Low Infant Mortality High Productivity High Incomes Low Infant Mortality High Incomes High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Best Practice Water Administration All Houses Connected Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Best Practice Water Administration Adequate Clean WATER Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes Sufficient Funds Good Water System Best Practice Water Administration Low Rate of Disease High Productivity Low Infant Mortality High Incomes MEANS ENDS DESIRABLE STATE If necessary, revise statements, delete objectives that appear unrealistic and add new objectives.

This is another sample of doing an analysis
It works on a problem already known
It is looking at the causes side only
Objectives Analysis Example 2

EFFECTS CAUSES The system receives no maintenance The irrigation system is faulty Some irrigation structures have been destroyed Support services for farmers are not available in the area The farmers have no investment capacity Rice production is insufficient for the population of village x Agricultural practices are unsuitable a) Problem tree

b) Identifying stakeholders PUBLIC PRIVATE SMALL (micro) LARGE (macro) FAO MoA Irrigation Dept . Agric. Ext. services NGO Farmers’ groups Farmers Fertiliser suppliers

c) Transforming Problems into Objectives Rice production is insufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is faulty Agricultural practices are unsuitable The system receives no maintenance Some irrigation structures have been destroyed Support services for farmers are not available Farmers do not have investment capacity Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Support services for farmers are available Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Farmers have the resources to invest Problems Objectives

d) Objectives tree MEANS ENDS Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Support services for farmers are available Farmers have the resources to invest

4. Alternatives Analysis
List all the different approaches
Assess
Compare
Look at inputs (cost) and outcomes (results)

Look at Alternatives Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Farmers have the resources to invest  Training of District staff  Channel & Dam Repair project  Strengthen Agriculture Dept  Start a Savings Group / Bank  Farmer Co-op Support services for farmers are available

4. Alternatives Analysis
Possible criteria to choose the intervention method of your project among different alternatives:
Available resources (especially HR)
Probability of achieving the project purpose and its results
Cost
Timeframe
Risks

5. Analysis of strategy SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE (or project purpose) EXPECTED RESULTS OVERALL OBJECTIVE CHOSEN STRATEGY Rice production is sufficient for the population of village x The irrigation system is working Agricultural practices are appropriate The system receives proper maintenance Damaged irrigation structures are repaired Support services for farmers are available Farmers have the resources to invest

Next step…
Having chosen your intervention strategy,
you can write the log frame.
The next session will show how to do that

Discussion
Questions and follow ups
Feedback

Thank you ហាកុន

Produced by Tony Hobbs Health Unlimited, Ratanakiri, Cambodia www.healthunlimited.org With the support of Australian Volunteers International www.australianvolunteers.com © 2009 HU. Use with Acknowledgement

4 pre planning stakeholders analysis (hu)

by Makewa

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