7. Searchable Question (PICO)
P - Radiation-induced meningiomas
I - Nil
C - Spontaneous meningiomas
O - grade, brain invasion, proliferation index, recurrence, multiplicity
Q: Are radiation-induced meningiomas more aggressive?
8. Search Strategy
Search for all studies that could provide surgical and pathologic data on
radiation-induced meningiomas
Search: medline, embase
Scopus review
Reference check
Include case series, cohort studies.
Exclude case reports and review articles.
17. Summary and Conclusions
•More likely to be multiple
•More likely to recur
•Can’t say more likely to have higher grade
•Surveillance for irradiated children, and patient’s with RIM, unanswered
•Further studies would be beneficial
18. References
Morgenstern PF, Shah K, Dunkel IJ, et al. Meningioma after radiotherapy for malignancy. J Clin Neurosci. 2016;30:93-7.
Felicetti F, Fortunati N, Garbossa D, et al. Meningiomas after cranial radiotherapy for childhood cancer: a single
institution experience. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 2015;141:1277-82.
Godlewski B, Drummond KJ, Kaye AH. Radiation-induced meningiomas after high-dose cranial irradiation. J Clin
Neurosci. 2012;19:1627-35.
Lillehei KO, Donson AM, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters BK. Radiation-induced meningiomas: clinical, cytogenetic, and
microarray features. Acta Neuropathol. 2008;116:289-301.
Goshen Y, Stark B, Kornreich L, et al. High incidence of meningioma in cranial irradiated survivors of childhood acute
lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2007;49:294-7.
Al-Mefty O, Topsakal C, Pravdenkova S, et al. Radiation-induced meningiomas: clinical, pathological, cytokinetic, and
cytogenetic characteristics. J Neurosurg. 2004;100:1002-13.
Sadetzki S, Flint-Richter P, Ben-Tal T, et al. Radiation-induced meningioma: a descriptive study of 253 cases. J
Neurosurg. 2002;97:1078-82.
Salvati M, Cervoni L, Puzzilli F, et al. High-dose radiation-induced meningiomas. Surg Neurol. 1997;47:435-41.
Musa BS, Pople IK, Cummins BH. Intracranial meningiomas following irradiation--a growing problem? Br J Neurosurg.
1995;9:629-37.
Rubinstein AB, Shalit MN, Cohen ML, et al. Radiation-induced cerebral meningioma: a recognizable entity. J Neurosurg.
1984;61:966-71.
Soffer D, Pittaluga S, Feiner M, et al. Intracranial meningiomas following low-dose irradiation to the head. J Neurosurg.
1983;59:1048-53.
Editor's Notes
Well established from the Israeli tinea capitis cohort and the Japanese atomic bomb survivors that radiation increases the risk of meningiomas
Case reports of RIM have been published since the 50s, (mann et al.;Clin. Radiol. (1969)
RADIATION INDUCED INTRACRANIAL MENINGIOMAS. Munk et al.)
Published in Lancet 1974, showed there was an increased risk of benign and malignant brain and neck tumours (Prior to this only case reports) (RR 9.5 for meningioma).
Further supported by:
- US and british childhood cancer survivor study
Data on incidence of radiation induced tumours, but what is less well established: ?more likely to be higher grade ?more likely to recur ?natural history ?should be followed/managed differently
63 y.o. female
R G1 cav sinus meningioma debulked 2005 Brisbane, then SRS 2006
B/G: smoker, post-op dvt, hypercholesterolaemia
2015: appearance of new convexity meningioma at craniotomy site
2016: enlarged
OT: adherent to brain, multiple small meningiomas along dura towards floor of middle cranial fossa
Path: transitional meningioma
63 y.o. female
R G1 cav sinus meningioma debulked 2005 Brisbane, then SRS 2006
B/G: smoker, post-op dvt, hypercholesterolaemia
2015: appearance of new convexity meningioma at craniotomy site
2016: enlarged
OT: adherent to brain, multiple small meningiomas along dura towards floor of middle cranial fossa
Path: transitional meningioma
MM 41 male
RTx age 7 for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
2014 seizure
Resection of meningioma: grade 1 with brain invasion
Advised RTx in MDT, currently under surveillance
Also has 5 cavernous malformations
define tumour aggressiveness (describes a tumour that forms, grows, or spreads quickly. It may also describe treatment that is more severe or intense than usual)
no intervention, just comparing the groups
at least 10 cases
Original search - radiation induced meningioma: 61
Mostly case reports and review articles but a few relevant case series from which alternative names to RIM were found, hence no.2
Then looked at keywords and MESH terms and found additional terms
Also found some papers in reference checks so knew I wasn’t getting everything
Esp older papers had different referencing
316 total
of the 245:
- radiation treatment for meningioma or RIM
- genetic studies
- case reports and reviews
- epidemiology studies (cause, prevalence)
note on grading: prior to 1993 and second WHO grading there was no universal grading system
so bottom two I have just put as malignant and non malignant
even the first WHO grading was vague (first was 1979)
no paper mentioned brain invasion
scalp irradiation lower dose than treatment for tumours
Morgenstern - high rate of G2. a large cohort had MIB-1 of 3.28% for grade 1 meningiomas (Roser et al. 2004)
Felicetti - one death during anaesthetic induction (cardiac arrhythmia). high rate of G2 and recurrence
Godlewski - missed on medline
Lillehei - two G3
Goshen - lower rates
Al-mefty - 100% recurrence of followed up patients. mostly referred from other institutes, so more aggressive by bias perhaps
Sadetzki - nearly half had missing histopath data, mixture of grading schemes
Rubenstein - no grading, classified based on russell and rubinstein. grading introduced?
Soffer- grading based on rubinstein, zulch and kennel (characterized by loss of typical architecture, high cellularity, pleomorphism, increased mitotic rate, focal necrosis, and brain infiltration accompanied by marked glial proliferation)
First number is from 2000 criteria (i.e.defined grade 2 and 3 meningioma), second number includes 2 studies from 1993 when WHO grading more defined
could be an underestimate as large numbers are from pre-brain invasion criteria.
also, don’t have grades from the largest study
multiple SM - 1-5%
(Multiple meningiomas: a clinical, surgical, and cytogenetic analysis. Butti et al. Surgical neurology, 1989)
recurrence of SM up to 20% at 20 years (Seemingly complete removal of histologically benign intracranial meningioma: late recurrence rate and factors predicting recurrence in 657 patients. A multivariate analysis. Jääskeläinen J. 1986)
But remember these were all unknown or less than 10 yrs follow-up
All retrospective data, but good numbers
Difficult to comment on grade as not only has grading changed between papers, even changed within some papers
no consensus in the literature as to how to approach RIM (regarding surveillance, treatment and follow-up)
Would take a long time to get numbers in a prospective study…grading might change again