Micro Hydro Power Background

Photos from Wikipedia under GFDL. See notes for more.

Micro Hydro Power
Adapted from :
Don Harris
Practical Action
Appropedia
Energy Information Administration

Hydroelectrc is 3%

Most of that 3% is from large hydroelectric plants http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sayano-Shushenskaya_hydroelectric_station.jpg

Classification Size Power Output Typical Use Large >10MW Usually part of a large grid. Small 1MW-10MW Usually grid intertied. (up to 50MW in Canada [1] ) Mini 100kW-1,000kW (1MW) Community and industry. Often grid intertied. Micro 1kW-100kW Small low energy consuming community, small industry, rural high energy consuming household. Usually off-grid. Pico <1kW Radio tower, low energy consuming household, charging station. Almost always off grid.

What does that look like? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gluehlampe_01_KMJ.png Size Power Output Large >10MW Small 1MW-10MW Mini 100kW-1,000kW (1MW) Micro 1kW-100kW Pico <1kW

Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe
The power of water electrifies remote Andean villages – Practical Action Peru
Turgo Turbines

Micro Hydro
Small in scale
Minimum environmental impact
Site specific : you must have the resource
Affordable
Consistent: Produces continuously, 24/7
Don Harris

Classification of turbine types. Source: Micro-hydro Design Manual, IT Publications, 1993 Types of Systems High head Medium head Low head Impulse turbines Pelton Turgo Multi-jet Pelton cross-flow multi-jet Pelton Turgo cross-flow Reaction turbines Francis Pump-as-turbine (PAT) propeller Kaplan

Pelton and Turgo Impulse – jet of water 4 “ Don Harris

Turbines are turned by water. That turning motion drives a generator which produced electricity. Don Harris

The Intake Diverting clean water into the penstock Screen Start of Penstock Steam Flow The intake’s job: Filter and Settle Build it either: Simple and easy to repair Or Bullet-proof Don Harris

The Intake Diverting clean water into the penstock Screen Start of Penstock Steam Flow A dirty creek may need more settling time Overflow Don Harris

Penstock A full pipe; delivering clean water to the turbine Don Harris

Burying Pipe
Burying a pipe line removes the biggest eyesore of a hydro scheme.
It is vital to ensure a buried penstock is properly and meticulously installed
subsequent problems such as leaks are much harder to detect and rectify.
Don Harris

Penstock Support System PVC likes to stay straight HDPE can follow the contour of the ground Don Harris

Alternative Power & Machine
Economy models
Permanent magnet units
Accessories
Exercise Bicycle Type Battery Chargers, etc.
Niche: Ease of maintenance and adjustment
www.apmhydro.com
Don Harris

Make your own
www.otherpower.com
Don Harris

Classifications, howtos, equations and follow-ups at:
http ://www.appropedia.org/Microhydro

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Micro Hydro Power Background

by Lonny Grafman on May 13, 2009

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