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Glossary content Overview APQP, Benchmarking, BIC, BOM, BP, CAD, CAE, CAM, CP, DOE, DVP, EURO 4, FIFO, Fishbone, FMEA, FSS, G8D, GD&T, Ishikawa, ISO 9001, J1, Jidoka, JIT, KAIZEN, KANBAN, LL, LM, OEM, Pareto, PMT, Poke Yoke, 1PP, PPAP, Pull System, QA, QOS, QS 9000, R&D, RASIC, Rev Eng, SCM, SF, 6 Sigma, SOP, SOW, SQAM, SUV, TPS, TQM, TS16949, WERS Glossary This is a list of some commonly used acronyms in automotive industry: 词汇 这是一些在汽车制造业中常用的首字母缩略词名单： 目录 词汇 Glossary 欧洲汽车技术—服务中国

APQP APQP A dvanced P roduct Q uality P lanning A structured method of defining and establishing the steps necessary to assure that a product satisfies the customer. APQP Advanced Product Quality Planning 产品质量先期策划 提供给供应商在开发新产品（新系统、新部件）时的一种结构化开发方法，以便使新产品（新系统、新部件）能以最高的效率、最低的成本生产出使顾客满意的新产品（新系统、新部件）。 词汇 Glossary

Benchmarking Benchmarking Benchmarking (technical) An in-depth investigation to determine how competitors and / or best-in-class companies achieve their level of performance. 词汇 Benchmarking Benchmarking (technical) 基准 / 比较 企业向其他企业学习更好实践和方法的过程，可以帮助企业了解别人如何比自己做得更好，同时运用这些获取的信息改善自己的能力。 Glossary

BIC BIC Best In Class The best performing (~ best selling) competitor in a business branch. BIC Best In Class 同级别最佳 在各企业相同部门中最佳执行（～最佳销售）的竞争者。 词汇 Glossary

Glossary BP Best Practice The practices or systems in a company that performed exceptionally well and are recognized as improving an organization's performance and efficiency in specific areas. 词汇 BP Best Practice 最优化方法 一种最有效地达到预期目的的技术和方法。它运用一切知识和技术来获取成功。

Glossary BOM Bill Of Materials A Bill of Materials is an ordered list of the parts, sub-assemblies, assemblies and raw materials that defines a product. 词汇 BOM Bill Of Materials 物料清单 BOM 又称产品结构表或产品结构树。物料一词有着广泛的含义，它是所有产品、半成品、在制品、原材料、配套件、协作件、易耗品等与生产有关的物料的统称。 BOM 作用于计算机识别物料、接受客户定单、编制计划、配套（装配）和领料、加工过程跟踪、采购和外协、成本计算、报价参考、物料追溯、改进产品设计等等。

Glossary CAD Computer Aided Design Computer and software used for the design of industrial products. In Automotive industry (IBM)CATIA, Pro-Engineer, IDEAS are widely used systems.. 词汇 CAD Computer Aided Design 计算机辅助设计 用于工业品设计的计算机软件。在汽车制造业，（ IBM ） CATIA ， Pro-Engineer ， IDEAS 是广泛应用的系统。。

Glossary CAE Computer Aided Engineering Computer and software used for the construction and analysis of objects using virtual models. This may include activities of design, planning, construction, analysis, and production planning and preparation.. 词汇 CAE Computer Aided Engineering 计算机辅助工程 使用计算机和软件，通过虚拟的模型来建造和分析对象。这包括设计、计划、建造、分析、生产规划和准备。

Glossary CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing Computer and software used for the management and controlling of the manufacturing of industrial products. 词汇 CAM Computer Aided Manufacturing 计算机辅助制造 用于制造或工业生产中的管理与支配的计算机软件。

Glossary CP Confirmation Prototype A milestone / gateway in a vehicle development program. The period of time needed to confirm the quality of the prototype vehicles. 词汇 CP Confirmation Prototype 原型确认 汽车设计程序中的一个里程碑，此时期需要证实原装车的质量。

Glossary DOE 1. Design of Experience A way to design items, based on previous experience. 2. Design of Experiments A way to design items, based on experiments. 词汇 DOE 1.Design of Experience 经验设计一种基于经验的设计方法。 1.Design of Experiments 实验设计一种基于实验的设计方法。

Glossary DVP Design Verification Plan A process to verify the robustness of a design 词汇 DVP Design Verification Plan 设计验证计划 DVP 是用来编制验证产品性能和功能实验的计划。

Glossary EURO 4 EURO 5 European vehicle emission standards A set of requirements, defining the acceptable limits for exhaust emissions (NOx, HC, CO and PM) of new vehicles sold in EU member states. The Euro 4 standards (Jan. 2005) are defined in directive 98/69/EC, further amendments in 2002/80/EC. 词汇 EURO 4 EURO 5 European vehicle emission standards 欧洲尾气排放限制标准 一整套的要求，定义了在欧共体会员国中销售的汽车的尾气（氮化物， HC ，钴和钷）排放标准。 EURO 4 （ 2005 年 1 月）定义的标准为 98/69/EC ，后来校正为 2002/80/EC 。

Glossary FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis A way to analyse the quality of a design or a manufacturing process, even before it is finished. Most car manufacturers provide instructions how to execute the FMEA. 词汇 FMEA Failure Mode and Effects Analysis 失效模式与效应分析系统 一种在任务完成前分析设计或制造过程的质量的方法。绝大多数的汽车制造商提供怎样执行 FMEA 的介绍。

Glossary FIFO First in, first out A system, assuring that the first items used are also the first items manufactured. 词汇 FIFO First in, first out 先进先出 一个系统，保证第一个使用的东西是第一个被制造的。在先进先出法下，假设企业首先销售最早购入的商品，期末存货按最近的购货价格计价。

Glossary 1PP First Production Part A milestone / gateway in a vehicle development program. The vehicles and the period of time needed to make the first production-like vehicles. 词汇 1PP First Production Part 第一生产零件 汽车设计程序中的一个里程碑，此时期需要做出一个类似可生产的汽车。

Glossary Fishbone Fishbone / Ishikawa diagram Diagrams that examine root causes of problems. Continually asking "why?" until the real cause is revealed. They are typically used to depict causes of a certain problem and to group them according to categories, often people/management, equipment, environment, supplies, process. 词汇 Fishbone Fishbone / Ishikawa diagram 因果图 / 鱼骨图 要因分析图 / 鱼骨图 审查问题的起源的图。连续地问“为什么？”直到真正的起因显露出来。他们代表性地用于描述某一问题的起因并且根据类别编组，分组通常是人员 / 管理、设备、环境、供应、过程。

Glossary Poke Yoke Foolproof, mistake- or error proof Means (mostly technical devices) for eliminating defects by making a process robust to mistakes (foolproof) 词汇 Poke Yoke Foolproof, mistake- or error proof 防错法 普遍应用于产品制造业的差错预防和过程改善 , 作为一种差错预防技术。 POKA － YOKE 防呆法从杜绝失误发生的源头入手，在失误发生之前就避免其发生，从而全面降低产品缺陷，有效减少避免损失。

Glossary FSS Full Service Supplier A tier one supplier that is taking the lead in the development of new part of a vehicle. From styling, design, development, production launch, manufacturing up to the end of life cycle of that part. 词汇 FSS Full Service Supplier 全套的服务供应商 以供应商为首的车辆的新零件开发，从式样，设计，开发，生产发行，制造到车辆生命周期终止。

Glossary GD&T Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing A way to represent the dimensions and tolerances on a drawing, based on the final function and requirements of the part. 词汇 GD&T Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing 几何尺寸与公差 GDT 是工程的产品定义标准，它描述了产品的各种几何特征以及彼此之间的作业性关系（以公差形式表达）以及相互匹配零件、装配品等之间的的机能性接口。在机械工程制图中，由一些符号组成。

Glossary G8D Global 8 Disciplines A documented problem solving process in 8 logical steps 词汇 G8D Global 8 Disciplines 8 步法 一种文档化的问题解决方法，由 8 个逻辑步骤组成。

Glossary ISO 9001 ISO 9001 A set of standards approved by the International Standards Organization (ISO) that define a quality assurance program. ISO 9001 involves all 20 elements including design. 词汇 ISO 9001 ISO 9001 国际标准化组织 9001 由国际标准组织（ ISO ）定义并批准了一个质量保证计划的一套国际标准。 ISO 9001 包括设计在内共 20 个要素。

Glossary Jidoka Jidoka Jidoka, as practiced at Toyota has several meanings. It may mean "automation with human intelligence". 词汇 Jidoka Jidoka 自动化 自动化意味着给予设备更多的“智力”，人就不需要经常监控自动设备的作业。

Glossary J1 Job 1 A milestone / gateway in a vehicle development program. Production start date, also called "SOP" date. 词汇 J1 Job 1 起始生产日期 汽车设计程序中的一个里程碑，表示起始生产日期，也叫的“ SOP” 日期。

Glossary JIT Just In Time A production system to make what the customer needs when the customer needs it in the quantity the customer needs, using minimal resources of manpower, material, and machinery. The three elements to making Just-in-Time possible are Tact time, Flow production, and the Pull system. 词汇 JIT Just In Time 准时制 只在需要的时候，按需要的量生产所需的产品。这种生产方式的核心是追求一种无库存的生产系统，或使库存达到最小的生产系统。要做到 JIT 需要三个元素：恰当时间，流程生产和拉式系统。

Glossary KAIZEN Kaizen From the Japanese words kai and zen; kai means change and zen means good. The popular meaning is continual improvement of all areas of a company not just quality. 词汇 KAIZEN Kaizen 改善 从日本语中的 kai 和 zen 演变而来， kai 表示改变， zen 表示美好的。通常这个单词的意思是对一个公司的所有方面的小的、连续的、渐进的改进，不仅仅是品质方面。

Glossary KANBAN Japanese word for 'sign' or 'card" Kanbans are typically a re-order cards or other method of triggering the pull system based on actual usage of material. Kanbans are attached to the actual product, at the point of use. Kanban cards have information about the parts (name, part number, quantity, source, destination, etc) but carts, boxes, and electronic signals can also be used. 词汇 KANBAN Kanban 看板管理 日语（ Kanban ）意思是：企业信息化辅助平台。看板管理方法是在同一道工序或者前后工序之间进行物流或信息流的传递。前拉式的 Kanban 系统，亦即前工程只制造后工程需要的数量，后工程就是顾客，当顾客的需求产生改变时，前工程制造的东西将立即随之改变。

Glossary LM Lean Manufacturing A business practice focused on eliminating all waste in manufacturing processes. Principles of lean include zero waiting time, zero inventory, scheduling, cut batch sizes, line balancing and cutting actual process times. 词汇 LM Lean Manufacturing 精益制造 通过杜绝生产全过程的一切浪费以持续地改进生产系统、实现客户最大满意的一组原则、观念和技术。“精益”的原则包括零等待时间、零库存、时序安排、削减批量、人工投入线性平衡法和削减实际流程时间。

Glossary LL Lessons Learned Documented knowledge gained from an activity, which are systematically captured as either tips or stories. 词汇 LL Lessons Learned 经验教训 从活动获取的被记录的知识，作为技巧或经验系统地被吸收应用。

Glossary OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer A company that manufactures or assembles a product and sells it to a reseller. In the automotive industry, OEM represents vehicle manufacturers. 词汇 OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer 初始设备制造商 制造或装配一个产品并且对转销商出售。在汽车制造业中， OEM 代表汽车制造商。

Glossary Pareto Pareto A concept, based on a theory that most issues are caused by only a few causes. (vital few - trivial many) 词汇 Pareto Pareto 柏拉图柏 拉图原则是将“少数重要”和“多数琐细”分离的有效技术，按照发生频率降序显示。也就是一种“关键的少数 (vital few) 和次要的多数 (trivial many)” 的理论。

Glossary PPAP Production Part Approval Process An automotive process that defines the generic requirements for approval of production parts. Its purpose is to determine during an actual production run whether all customer requirements are properly understood and met by the supplier and that the process is able to produce the product on a consistent way. 词汇 PPAP Production Part Approval Process 生产件批准程序 PPAP 是确定供方已经了解顾客工程设计记录和规范的所有要求 , 以在实际生产过程中按规定的生产要求来生产满足顾客需要的产品。这是对生产件的控制程序，也是对质量的一种管理方法。

Glossary PMT Program Management Team The team that is managing a program. Program to be understood to mean a (part of a) new car. 词汇 PMT Program Management Team 项目管理团队 一个处理项目的团队。项目这里表示一辆汽车（或汽车的一个零件）。

Glossary Pull System Pull System A customer driven work replenishment system involving 'pulling' the exact quantity of parts required out of a finished parts stores. A KANBAN issues the instruction to replenish the stock. 词汇 Pull System Pull System 拉式系统 看板技术只制造所需要的物料去替代刚刚被用掉的物料。每当移走一个容器的同时，就要发放一个生产卡到源工作中心，以便另一批被生产出来装满一个容器。所以，这个技术称为拉式系统。此系统有其自身的运行模式及特点，对应于该系统的运作模式，需要有与之相适应的设施布置与优化方案。在制定该类方案的过程中，首先要分析拉式系统的订单处理过程，利用此类过程得到的信息得出拉式系统零件目标产量及零件分解图表。

Glossary QA Quality Assurance The whole organisation and system that is assuring the quality of a component. 词汇 QA Quality Assurance 质量保证 保证组件质量的一整套组织和系统。

Glossary QOS Quality Operating System Also called BOS: Business Operating System. A data driven system to analyse and measure the performance in order to improve the strategic positioning of the business, the product and the process. 词汇 QOS Quality Operating System 质量操作系统 也叫做 BOS ：事务操作系统。 分析和测量性能的数据驱动系统，以改进战略态势，产品和过程。

Glossary QS 9000 QS 9000 The automotive sector specific version of ISO. The core of the QS 9000 standard is the ISO standard. 词汇 QS 9000 QS 9000 ISO 中关于汽车部分的详细版本。 QS 9000 标准的核心就是 ISO 标准。

Glossary R&D Research & Development Basic or applied research for the purpose of creating new, or for improving existing materials, devices, products or processes. 词汇 R&D Research & Development 研制与开发 创造新的要素或应用的研究，或改进现有的材料，设备，产品或步骤。

Glossary RASIC R esponsible A pproval S upport I nform C onsult A process to getting a program approved in a timely manner. A RASIC chart shows who is responsible for all of the these steps, who all are involved and when the action should be completed. 词汇 RASIC 责任 （ Responsible ）、批准（ Approve ）、支持（ Support ）、通报（ Inform ）和咨询（ Consult ）。 员工使用它来确认自己的主要工作任务和责任级别。 RASIC 工具使员工参与到整个流程中并帮助他们在不熟悉的环境中增强自身工作能力。 RASIC 工具被设计具有动态功能，当工作任务或员工发生变化时，必须及时对表格进行回顾。

Glossary Rev Eng Reverse Engineering The process of recreating a design by analyzing a final product 词汇 Rev Eng Reverse Engineering 逆向工程 通过分析一个已完成的产品来再创造一个设计的过程。

Glossary SCM Supply Chain Management The management, logistics and control of the entire chain of supply of parts from the component manufacturer to the assembler, processer to the final customer. Real-time data exchange, reduce inventory and improve the logistics are some of the targets of SCM. 词汇 SCM Supply Chain Management 供应链管理 从组件制造商到装配商、处理商直至最终用户的的整个供应链的管理、后勤和控制。 SCM 的目标包括实时的数据交换、削减库存以及改善物流等等。

Glossary 6 σ / 6 Σ Six Sigma Six Sigma Quality process, focused on reducing defects to a six sigma level (3.4 defects per million parts; 0.00034%), for all practical purposes zero defects, using the DMAIC process (define, measure, analyse, improve, control). 词汇 6 Sigma Six Sigma 六西格玛 六西格玛。六西格玛品质工序，专注于解决六西格玛水平上的不合格品（每 100 万个零件中有 3.4 个有缺陷： 0.00034% ），实际上意味着没有缺陷，使用 DMAIC 过程（定义、测量、分析、改进、控制）。

Glossary SUV Sport Utility Vehicle Sport Utility Vehicle Also called a 4x4 vehicle 词汇 SUV Sport Utility Vehicle 运动型多用途车 也叫 4x4 汽车，四驱车

Glossary SQAM Supplier Quality Assurance Manual Toyota, Honda: the manual, system and documents to assure the quality of the components of a car. 词汇 SQAM Supplier Quality Assurance Manual 品质保证手册 丰田，本田： 通过手册、系统以及文档来保证汽车组件的质量。

Glossary SOP Start of production A milestone / gateway in a vehicle development program. Production start date, also called "Job 1" date 词汇 SOP Start of production 生产起始 汽车设计程序中的一个里程碑。 生产起始日期也叫做“ Job 1” 日期。

Glossary SOW Statement Of Work A statement outlining the specific services a contractor is expected to perform, generally indicating the type, level and quality of service, as well as the time schedule required. 词汇 SOW Statement Of Work 工作条款说明 为承包商预期任务服务的详细的声明大纲，一般表明类型、水平和服务质量，以及必要的时间表。

Glossary SF System Fill A milestone / gateway in a vehicle development program. The process and the time needed to fill the production system with the first parts. 词汇 SF System Fill 补充系统 汽车设计程序中的一个里程碑，在此期间需要完成产品系统第一批零件的补充。

Glossary TPS T oyota P roduction S ystem A coherent manufacturing system based on a.o. KAIZEN, JIT, JIDOKA, Genchi Genbutsu. 词汇 TPS Toyota Production System 丰田生产系统 一个结合了 KAIZEN 、 JIT 、 JIDOKA 、 Genchi Genbutsu 等的连贯制造生产系统。

Glossary TQM T otal Q uality M anagement A management system based on continuous monitoring and steady improvement of product, process and service with the involvement of the entire workforce. 词汇 TQM Total Quality Management 全面质量管理 以连续监测，逐步完善产品，生产过程和服务为基础，并全员参与的管理系统。

Glossary TS16949 ISO/TS 16949 :2002 International Standard Organisation Technical Specification 16949 :2002 An ISO Technical Specification, developed by the International Automotive Task Force (IATF), which aligns existing American (QS-9000), German (VDA6.1), French and Italian automotive quality systems stan-dards within the global automotive industry, with the aim of eliminating the need for multiple certifications to satisfy multiple customer requirements. 词汇 TS16949 ISO/TS 16949 :2002 International Standard Organisation Technical Specification 16949 :2002 国际标准化组织 / 技术规范说明 16949:2002 ISO 技术规格，由国际汽车行动组织 (IATF) 开发，包括美国的（ QS-9000 ）、德国的（ VDA6.1 ），法国的和意大利的在全球性汽车制造业内的汽车质量系统标准，目的在于消除为了满足不同的客户而做的重复的认证。

WERS WERS World Engineering Release System A system to communicate and release new parts or engineering changes to parts. WERS World Engineering Release System 世界工程学发行系统 一个交流和发布新的零件或者零部件工程设计变更的系统。 词汇 Glossary

Typical organization chart in a western company in automotive industry: For everyday matters, Department Managers report to the General Manager, Plant Manager or CEO For new-project related issues, Department Managers report to the Project Manager Organization Chart 组织系统图

Typical organization chart in a western company in automotive industry:

For everyday matters, Department Managers report to the General Manager, Plant Manager or CEO

For new-project related issues, Department Managers report to the Project Manager

在 西方汽车制造业公司的典型的组织系统 图： 部门经理向总经理，工厂经理或者 CEO 报告日常事项。 对于新项目相关问题，部门经理向项目负责人报告。 Organization Chart 组织系统图

在 西方汽车制造业公司的典型的组织系统 图：

部门经理向总经理，工厂经理或者 CEO 报告日常事项。

对于新项目相关问题，部门经理向项目负责人报告。

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