Design Scripts: Designing (inter)action with intent

Design Scripts Designing (inter)action with intent DesignThis! – Bas Leurs (December 2, 2010)

My ambition: to understand how designers think and how they can improve their processes to make better and meaningful products INPUT OUTPU T

Remember Charlie ‘The Philosopher’ Mulholland?

Bruno Latour’s scripts Latour’s concept for describing the mediation of action by artifacts is called a ‘script’. Like the script of a movie or a atour runo L theatre play, an artifact can B ‘prescribe’ its users how to act when they use it.

This lecture has also a script You walk in You look for you favourite spot You sit down Take your notebook Listen to the lecture Make notes Applause Leave the auditorium Write a review

Examples of scripts Speed bumps, the script is: ‘Slow down!’

Examples of scripts Paper coffee cup, the script is: ‘dispose me after use’

John Chris Jones on the objectives of a designer In Design Methods (1970) “The designer must be able to predict the ultimate effects of their proposed design as well as specifying the actions that are needed to bring these effects about.”

Which one would you buy?

You’ll ﬁnd scripts throughout the life of a product Conception Manufacturing Distribution Sales Installation Maintenance Disposal Selling it to Should be Should be Should catch Should be easy Should be easy Should be the client possible and lightweight the attention to install clean and good for the Building cheap to of the buyer replace the environment prototypes produce and bulb? easy to How can it be assemble repaired when it breaks?

Examples of scripts Striping of Dutch Police cars

Examples of scripts Striping of Dutch Police cars: Roadblocks, visual presence, applicable to many vehicles

Examples of scripts Password strength indicator

Examples of scripts Password strength indicator: Persuade or challenge people to select a safe password

Examples of scripts Wii

Examples of scripts Wii: playing together and moving instead of sitting on a couch?

I consider scripts a bit like ‘Automator’ scripts With a sequence of actions

The designer has intentions how the artefact should interact with its user(s) and context.

A design script intends to affect the user behaviour (or mind) in a predictive way.

You will ﬁnd the principles of scripts in many ﬁelds Cognition & Economics & Political Sciences Schemata theory Event schemata (Scripts) Choice architecture Usecues Mandler, Schank & Abelson Richard Thaler, Cass Sunstein, Kanis, Rooden, A ordances John Balz Green Donald Norman Behavioural Scripts Craig Anderson Usability Cognitive structures In uencing public of knowledge behaviour Legislation Error prevention, ease of use Architectures of control Lawrence Lessig Education In uencing public behaviour Persuasive Intervention scripts Barnett, Bauer, Bell, et al technology Acquisition of knowledge, Persuasive technology skills and values BJ Fogg Design with Philosophy Intent Dan Lockton Game ‘Enscription of artefacts’ Bruno Latour, Madeleine Akrich Design Change attitudes or behaviors Serious games through persuasion How technology a ects Educating, training and peoples life developing behaviour , mindsets

But scripts can go wrong...

I believe that there are also human !$%!& centered scripts or # script routines " ' ! @2=7:5 ! !" #$% &'#! (" )))) )))) ))) #$ ,- '* +( "( "( +( ))))))))))#$'* ,-)))) ))))))))))))) )))))) @2=7: )))) " !" )) !( #$ '# )))) ))) %& %& ))) ) $ '# ))) "# )) !( ))) ))) ! ))) ))) ))) " )) ))) ) )))) ))) )))) ) )#$' *"(+(,- ./012345)6)7/4897345)6)8:;</0:=8:45 >/7:15)6)0/?7:<574<0:5)6)30=.7:<85

Scripts can be disruptive... Disrupting other scripts

Scripts can be discruptive... Disrupting other scripts

Or scripts can be misplaced

Elements of scripts Objective (intention) Context (Scene) Artefact (Product) Sequence of (inter)actions Actor (User)

How I tend to design?

Design as learning “As a designer you gradually gather knowledge about the nature of the design problem and the best routes to take towards a design solution. “ Kees Dorst in ‘Understanding Design’ (2003)

John Chris Jones on the problems of a designer In Design Methods (1970) “The fundamental problem is that designers are obliged to use current information to predict a future state that will not come about unless their predictions are correct.”

Kolb Learning Cycle Learning from Experiencing a phenomena external phenomena Feeling Doing an intervention What do I feel see, hear, taste, Doing Reviewing smell etc.? Thinking Understanding the phenomena, drawing conclusions What does it mean?

Kolb Learning Cycle Learning from internal My gut feeling mental processes Feeling Evaluating my feelings Running a scenario: “What do I feel?” Envisioning the intervention Reviewing Doing “What if...?” Thinking Understanding my feelings, contemplating my intentions, deﬁnition of objectives n of “Why, how. what?” C onceptio a script

Why this learning process is important Trending topics Design as Value Creation Design to fuel Innovation For example: Service Design Transformation design We design for a world where technology is becoming more and more complex and more integrated in our daily lives Design is becoming more holistic, less tangible and a product of multidisciplinairy teamwork.

My best tip... In order to predict the outcome of your design (the behaviour it invokes), you have to learn about ‘the world’ (context, user behaviour, technology). But learning is not enough, the make the outcome of your design predictable, you also have to make simple and robust scripts.

Have fun with scripting!

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Design Scripts: Designing (inter)action with intent

by Bas Leurs on Jan 03, 2011

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