Web 3.0 Explained - Part II - Techniques by Freek Biljiques

IIWeb 3.0explained with a stamp(English version)Part I: the basicsPart II: techniques

A presentation from: Freek Bijl(Dutch) blog: Bijlbrand.nl

Web 3.0 - the semantic web - is about the meaning of data.

This is a stamp In 1980 you could buy this stamp for 1 cent Now it’s worth 3 euros This stamp is from the United Kingdom This stamp is used between 1978 - 1981 The picture on the stamp is a PO BoxThis stamp is designed by John Bryan Dunmore

Why do we wantto add meaning to data ?

When a computer understands what data means, it can do intelligent search,reasoning and combining.

This makes our live more easy.

The next technologies are used to make amore semantic web…

RDF XML URISPARQL XDI XRISWRL XFN OWL API OAUTH

!Complicated

An explanation with a stamp collection.

Meaning is about understanding. Tounderstand we need alanguage. A language starts with words.

Things mean something in words. Online, we describe things with XML.

This is my stamp collectionThe first stamp is called “Red dragon”and is from China. It was made in theyear: 1984.The second stamp is called “PO Box”and is from England. It was made in theyear: 1992.< .. etc >

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><collection name=”My stamp collection"> <stamp> <title>Red dragon</title> <country>China</country> <year>1984</year> </stamp> <stamp> <title>PO Box</title> <country>England</country> <year>1992</year> </stamp></collection>

We can’t understand words alone. We also needgrammar. Online grammar is RDF (Resource Description Framework).

This stamp is from England.

predicate objectsubject This stamp is from England.

With RDF Scheme we can defineconcepts and make simple relations between them.

This stamp isfrom England, hence from Europe.

But, RDF scheme is limited. A language needs more expression and logic to make good reasoning possible. That’s why OWL (The Web Ontology Language) was invented.

Finally, to reason you need rules.

I got this stampfrom my uncle.

son of brotherI mother or fatherThe rule for callingsomeone my uncle is thatone of my parents has abrother.

Rules are formulatedin SWRL (SemanticWeb Rule Language).

<ruleml:imp><ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#example1"/><ruleml:_body> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasParent"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasBrother"> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom></ruleml:_body><ruleml:_head> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasUncle"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom></ruleml:_head></ruleml:imp>

Words in XMLGrammar in RDF (scheme) and OWLRules in SWRL

There are a lot ofthings, that can be described using standard formats.

For example: contact information.

hCard > contactshCalendar > eventshReview > reviewshResume > resumesXFN > social networks (relation= a friend or colleague)These things are described with microformats.

Suppose, I want to search for a specific stamp.

“I want all the red stamps, designed in Europe, but used in the U.S.A., between 1980 and 1990”

We can useSPARQL (Protocol and RDF Query Language).

Because the web isdecentralized and data is in many places, not only language is important.Exchange of data betweendifferent machines is key.

A database with stampsA database with countriesA database with colorsA database with stamp traders

To make a connection a machine needs a source. For this, we use resource identifiers. Best knownresource identifier is the URI (which consists of a name (urn) and a location (url)).

Because URI’s haveinternational limitations and the need for data-exchangebetween machines is rapidlygrowing there is a successor: XRI (Extensible Resource Identifier)

There is a standard for sharing, linking and synchronizing data.This standard is called XDI (XRI Data Interchange).

With all this I am capable of using thepower of all differentdata resources on the web.

But…

Data is protected. We needconsent and a key to gain acces.

The key to certain data is described in an API (anapplication programming interface).

An open standard foraccessing (authentication) the API is OAuth.

RDF XML URISPARQL XDI XRISWRL XFN OWL API OAUTH

… are now words with a meaning for you !

.endMy (Dutch) blog: http://www.bijlbrand.nl

Most important references:• http://en.wikipedia.org/• Presentation JeenBroekstra (Wageningen UR)

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Web 3.0 Explained - Part II - Techniques by Freek Biljiques

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Web 3.0 Explained - Part II - Techniques by Freek Biljiques Presentation Transcript