ERAI -Counterfeit Awareness-Avoidance Training

ERAI -Overview
Founded in 1995
Mitigate Risk of Parts, Customers & Vendors
Provide up to date information on Counterfeit, Faulty & High-Risk Parts
Real-time Industry Monitoring & Reporting Services
Real-time High-Risk and Counterfeit Part Reporting
Bill of Material / Assembly Cross Checking against High-Risk Parts Database
Vendor & Customer Analysis
Proactively Prevent Losses & Reoccurring Problems
Access to Search Risk Mitigation Tools
Fair & Impartial Investigation Services
Stay Informed on Current Issues Affecting the Supply Chain
© 2011 ERAI Inc.

Counterfeit -Definition
a. Parts which do not contain the proper internal construction consistent with the ordered part. (die, manufacturer, wire bonding, etc.)
b. Parts which have been used, refurbished or reclaimed, but are represented as new product.
c. Parts which have different package style or surface plating/finish than the ordered parts.
d. Parts which have not successfully completed the Original Component Manufacturer’s (OCM)’s full production and test flow, but are represented as completed product.
e. Parts sold as upscreened parts which have not successfully completed upscreening.
f. Parts sold with modified labeling or markings intended to misrepresent the parts’ form, fit, function, or grade.
*Parts which have been refinished, upscreened, or uprated and have been identified as such, are not considered counterfeit.
© 2011 ERAI Inc.

Counterfeit -Origin
2001 – China Admitted to WTO

Counterfeits -Origin

Counterfeit -E-Waste
The vast majority of product being sold in the China Open Market originates from e-waste.
Unknown quantities of e-waste are exported from China to component buyers around the world.
Nearly 75 million dollars in revenue is generated for the local Chinese Government in the city of Shantou alone.
What incentive does the government have to control the import or export of this product?
Much of the e-waste is remarked and counterfeited .
Most of the distributors operating in and around Shenzhen have no experience in handling, storing or selling electronic components.
© 2011 ERAI Inc.

Counterfeit -E-Waste Laborer de-soldering circuit boards over a coal-fired grill. Rock in the box is where boards are hit to remove solder. Pliers are used to pluck off chips which go into various buckets. The boards are then tossed into a pile for open burning. © Basel Action Network 2006.

Counterfeit -E-Waste Workers extract plastics from discarded electronics in Guiyu, a few hours' drive northeast of Hong Kong. The city has 5,500 family workshops handling e-waste. © 2006 The Seattle Times Company

Counterfeit -Portals of Entry
Rapid access to millions of parts
Minimal membership requirements
Quick & easy access to a large audience of buyers
Burn customer and re-register using a new name
© 2011 ERAI Inc.

Counterfeit -Portals of Entry

All types of components are being counterfeited, even passives. % of reported counterfeits from ERAI database, 2004 to present Counterfeit -What is Being Counterfeited?

Counterfeit -Impact
Counterfeiting accounts for more than 8% of global merchandise trade and is equivalent to lost sales of as much as $600B and will grow to $1.2T by 2009.
Source: Dept of Commerce

Counterfeit - Impact
Impact of using counterfeit parts or materials
Potential loss of life
Espionage
Monetary loss
Liability
Lack of availability of products for customer use
Loss of customer/public trust
Brand damage
© 2011 ERAI Inc.

Counterfeit -Impact

Counterfeit Overview -Impact Dangerous Fakes How counterfeit, defective computer components from China are getting into U.S. warplanes and ships By Brian Grow, Chi-Chu Tschang, Cliff Edwards and Brian Burnsed The American military faces a growing threat of potentially fatal equipment failure—and even foreign espionage—because of counterfeit computer components used in warplanes, ships, and communication networks. Fake microchips flow from unruly bazaars in rural China to dubious kitchen-table brokers in the U.S. and into complex weapons. Senior Pentagon officials publicly play down the danger, but government documents, as well as interviews with insiders, suggest possible connections between phony parts and breakdowns. In November 2005, a confidential Pentagon-industry program that tracks counterfeits issued an alert that "BAE Systems experienced field failures," meaning military equipment malfunctions, which the large defense contractor traced to fake microchips. Chips are the tiny electronic circuits found in computers and other gear. The alert from the Government-Industry Data Exchange Program (GIDEP), reviewed by BusinessWeek (MHP), said two batches of chips "were never shipped" by their supposed manufacturer, Maxim Integrated Products in Sunnyvale, Calif. "Maxim considers these parts to be counterfeit," the alert states. (In response to BusinessWeek's questions, BAE said the alert had referred erroneously to field failures. The company denied there were any malfunctions.) In a separate incident last January, a chip falsely identified as having been made by Xicor, now a unit of Intersil in Milpitas, Calif., was discovered in the flight computer of an F-15 fighter jet at Robins Air Force Base in Warner Robins, Ga. People familiar with the situation say technicians were repairing the F-15 at the time. Special Agent Terry Mosher of the Air Force Office of Special Investigations confirms that the 409th Supply Chain Management Squadron eventually found four counterfeit Xicor chips.

Counterfeit -Impact
It is estimated, “as many as 15% of all the spare and replacement microchips the Pentagon buys are counterfeit.”
Robert P. Ernst
Naval Air Systems Command's Aging Aircraft Program
Patuxent River, MD
"What we have is a pollution of the military supply chain."
Retired four-star General William G.T. Tuttle Jr
Defense Industry Consultant
Former Chief of the Army Materiel Command
Source: Business Week

Counterfeit -Impact

Counterfeit -Method Uncovered

Counterfeit -Where the industry has fallen short • Lack of dialogue between all organizations in the U.S. supply chain. • Companies and organizations assume that others in the supply chain are testing parts. • Lack of traceability in the supply chain. • Insufficient chain of accountability within organizations. • Recordkeeping on counterfeit incidents by organizations has been limited. • Stricter testing protocols and quality control practices for inventories are required. • DOD organizations have not had policies in place to prevent counterfeit parts from infiltrating their supply chain. © 2011 ERAI Inc.

Formation of G-19 (Sept. 2007) -Industry Working Together To Craft A Solution © 2011 ERAI Inc. Orbital Sciences Arrow Electronics Northrop Grumman Integra Technologies Honeywell Boeing Jabil SMT AERI ERAI IDEA AIA NASA JPL G-19

SAE G-19A Sub-Committee Members
US Government Members …
DCMA
Defense Logistics Agency, DSCC
MDA
NASA/JPL
Navy-Crane
NSWC Crane
SUBMEPP
Tinker Air Force
US Army – AMRDEC
Industry Members …
3M
Boeing
General Dynamics
Honeywell
L-3 Communications
Lockheed Martin
PerkinElmer
Plexus
Raytheon
Participating Industry Associations …
AIA
ERAI Inc.
Independent Distributors of Electronics Association (IDEA)
Participating Test Laboratories …
Center for Advanced Life Cycle Engineering (CALCE)
Evans Analytical Group
Hi-Reliability Microelectronics
Integra Technologies
Premier Semiconductor Services
Process Sciences
Silicon Cert Laboratories
White Horse International
Representation from Government, Aerospace, Military, & Commercial

SAE G-19 Organization Chart

G-19 -The standard is applicable to Government and Industry
Committee Charter
SAE G-19
Counterfeit Electronic Components Committee
November 2007
Scope:
The G-19 Counterfeit Electronic Components Committee is chartered to address aspects of preventing, detecting, responding to and counteracting the threat of counterfeit electronic components.
Objective:
The objective of the SAE G-19 committee is to develop standards suitable for use in aeronautic, space, defense, civil and commercial electronic equipment applications to mitigate the risks of counterfeit electronic components. In this regard, the standard will document recognized best practices in component management, supplier management, procurement, inspection, test/evaluation methods and response strategies when suspect or confirmed counterfeit components are detected.

G-19 -AS5553 and Risk
Risk in the Aerospace Supply Chain
Design Responsible Organizations
Manufacturing Responsible Organizations
Warehousing and Distribution Organizations
Common Areas of Risk
Source Selection
Obsolescence
Loss of Traceability
Piece Part Configuration Changes without Notification
Many Others
Risk Model in AS5553
Categorization of Risk
Hierarchy of Risk Inputs & Mitigations per Category
Application of Mitigations Based on Risk Input Hierarchy

Counterfeit Parts Control Plan: SAE AS5553 Implementation Requirements … The organization shall develop and implement a counterfeit electronic parts control plan that documents its processes used for risk mitigation, disposition, and reporting of counterfeit parts …

SAE AS5553 Implementation Counterfeit Parts Control Plan: -Parts Availability Requirements … The process shall maximize availability of authentic, originally designed … parts throughout the product’s life cycle, including management of part obsolescence …

SAE AS5553 Implementation Counterfeit Parts Control Plan: -Purchasing Information & Verification Requirements … The documented process shall assure detection of counterfeit parts prior to formal product acceptance… … This documented process shall specify contract/purchase order quality requirements …

Solutions Example Procurement Clause SAE AS5553 Implementation … The seller shall establish and implement test and inspection activities necessary to assure the authenticity …

AS5553 Adopted By DoD

Organizations Adopting Policies: Counterfeit Parts Control Plan Flow Down will Invoke Requirements
NASA Policy Directive 8730.2C
MDA Policy Memo and PMAP
DOD adopts AS5553 August 2009
Other companies with plans:
BAE Systems
Orbital Sciences Corp.
Lockheed Martin
Honeywell
Ball Aerospace

G-19 -ERAI Involvement
ERAI Serves On :
Original Member of G-19 (AS5553)
Member of G-19D (AS6081)
Member of G-19DR
Member of G-19CI (Continuous Improvement/AS5553 Rewrite to ensure document is applicable in both US and Foreign Markets
Meeting Schedule:
Tuesday 10:00am–12:00pm EST
G-19CI – AS5553 Re-write
Bi-Weekly
Thursday 11:00am-1:00pm EST
G-19D – AS6081 Development Team
Weekly
Other
G-19DR – Distributor Assessment Manual/Survey Team
As Required

Industry Reports

Industry Initiatives AIA Counterfeit Parts Integrated Project Team Statement Counterfeit parts and materials can jeopardize the performance, reliability and safety of aerospace, space and defense products. Over the last several years, increasing amounts of counterfeit material have been introduced into the supply chain. Due to diminishing manufacturing source issues, the aerospace, space and defense industries may have difficulty in continuing to obtain manufactured products designed years ago to support fielded and new systems. The challenge of avoiding counterfeit parts and materials occurs when defense contractors and the government are obliged to purchase both electronic and non-electronic parts and materials to support fielded and new systems from independent distributors/brokers. Note: This document is in balloting

Industry Initiatives

Industry Initiatives - US Chamber of Commerce Coalition Against Counterfeiting and Piracy To fight the growing threat of counterfeiting and piracy to the economy, jobs, and consumer health and safety, the business community, led by the U.S. Chamber of Commerce's Global Intellectual Property Center, organized itself through a broad-based business coalition, the Coalition Against Counterfeiting and Piracy (CACP). Formed in 2004, the CACP has grown to more than 650 members, making it the largest business coalition of its kind. The coalition is committed to increasing the understanding of the negative impact of counterfeiting and piracy and to finding real solutions by working with governments, industry, opinion leaders, the media, and consumers. This year, the CACP is focusing on a few primary goals, which we believe will make a measurable impact in the fight against counterfeiting and piracy.

G-12 -History
Task Group formed May 2006
A comprehensive Standard is outside of their charter
G-12 efforts evolved into an Engineering Bulletin (EB)
Meetings held to investigate problem
Draft EB published TB-0003 - February 2009
G-12 has no intention of continuing effort
G-12 willing to support other anti-Counterfeit efforts and rescind EB when replaced by an Industry Standard

G-12 TechAmerica Engineering Bulletin (TB-0003)

S.3941 - Combating Military Counterfeits Act of 2010
11/15/2010--Introduced.
Combating Military Counterfeits Act of 2010 - Amends the federal criminal code to impose criminal penalties on persons who traffic in counterfeit goods or services identified as meeting military standards or that are intended for use in a military or national security application. Directs the United States Sentencing Commission to review and amend federal sentencing guidelines and policy statements to reflect the intent of Congress to increase penalties for trafficking in counterfeit goods or services, including military good or services.

Outcome of Efforts
Defense Supply Center Columbus has initiated procedural changes
DOD Action Plan (which includes adoption of 5553)
AS5553 Requirements are being flowed down
Additional quality assurance/counterfeit avoidance training
Anti-Counterfeit Trade Agreement negotiations
Proposed Senate Bill to enact harsher penalties

Moving Forward
Establish a Federal reporting mechanism and database
Clarify FAR and DFAR procurement requirements
Increase inspections, coordination, and prosecutions
Address deficiencies related to electronic parts information, standards and training
Development international agreements
Address procurement obsolescence issues

Supply Chain Awareness -Key Industry Associations
Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) Counterfeit Parts Integrated Process Team (IPT)
ERAI
Independent Distributors of Electronics Association (IDEA)
Semiconductor Industry Association (SIA) Anticounterfeiting Task Force (ACTF)
US Chamber of Commerce Coalition Against Counterfeiting and Piracy (CACP)
© 2011 ERAI Inc.

ERAI -Counterfeit Awareness-Avoidance Training

by Kristal Snider

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