Automating complex infrastructures with Puppet

Puppetizing Complex Applications with sipXecs as an example Kris Buytaert

Kris Buytaert● I used to be a Dev, Then Became an Op● Senior Linux and Open Source Consultant @inuits.be● „Infrastructure Architect“● Building Clouds since before the Cloud● Surviving the 10th floor test● Co-Author of some books● Guest Editor at some sites

Today● About SIPX● About Puppet● Deploying SipX● ...

Introduction 2 Puppet

Not quite a Muppet...● Puppet is...● OSS● A DSL language● Written in Ruby● Client/server oriented● Contains abstraction layers● Repeatable processes

Master of Puppets● Puppet master • CA authority • Modules • Node descriptions • Compare, compile, apply● Master is not a requirement !

Puppet Clients● Puppet client nodes • Daemon • Cron jobs • External orchestration: • for i in $hosts; do ssh $i “puppetd --test”; done • mCollective, Func, …

Facts● Facts # facter memoryfree => 387.21 MB memorysize => 492.75 MB swapfree => 481.00 MB swapsize => 481.00 MB domain => dev.inuits.be fqdn => node3.dev.inuits.be hostname => node3 interfaces => eth0 ipaddress => 172.16.142.141 macaddress => 00:0c:29:42:0b:8a netmask => 255.255.255.0

Modules● Dedicated per service● Reusable● Called from the manifests● Live in /etc/puppet/modules/

Module Structure● Files● Templates • Dynamic content • Variables <IfModule mpm_worker_module> StartServers <%= StartServers %> MaxClients <%= MaxClients %> MinSpareThreads <%= MinSpare %> MaxSpareThreads <%= MaxSpare %> ThreadsPerChild <%= ThreadsChild %> MaxRequestsPerChild <%= RequestsChild %> </IfModule>● Manifests

Modules● Files● Templates● Manifests • DSL • Classes • Elements

Node definitions● Nodes.pp class defaults { $search = "inuits.be" $nameservers = [208.67.220.220, 208.67.222.222] include dns::resolv include ssh::keys include ssh::server } node "ns1.dev.inuits.be" { include defaults include dns::powerdns::server include dns::powerdns::resolver } node “web1.dev.inuits.be” { include defaults include apache2 include mysql }

Ralsh● Simplifies writing manifests● Will generate parts of the manifest for you● Based on your running config● Limited functionality master1.dev.inuits.be:~# ralsh user root user { root: uid => 0, gid => 0, comment => root, ensure => present, password => f34wi94$PmlI0CxQLb9HD, shell => /bin/bash, home => /root } master1.dev.inuits.be:~# ralsh service apache2 service { apache2: ensure => running, enable => true }

Puppetizing your Infra● Define common parts● Define unique parts● Write your manifests● Use modules • Puppet Forge • GitHub • Your own modules

SipXecs

What is sipXecs ?● sipX ECS (Enterprise Communications Server)● Open Source voice over IP telephony server● Implementation of the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)● IP based communications system (IP PBX)● Not unlike Asterisk● Development started in 1999● GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)● Commercial offering from eZuce Inc.● Designed around FreeSWITCH● Modular and highly scalable system

We dont know VOIP● External VOIP consultancy • Hardware selection • Codecs etc • Scale out● Irc.freenode.org #sipx● s/don/didn/t● Dont buy the book

Installing sipxecs● Prebuilt ISO● Kickstart● Install scripts placed in .bashrc● Ncurses based● Lots of python scripts● Heavy GUI usage

Why not Just ?● Backup and Restore ? • CDR Integration etc● Image ?● Productization • Think 20-100 setups • For different customers • Different networks, different domains

So, that Python Script ?● Configures your network● Configures your dhcpd● Configures your dns● Configures your ntpd● Configures your tftp● Generates SSL stuff for you Theres puppet modules for that !

SipXconfig● Is enabled by writing“enabled” to /var/sipxdata/process-state/ConfigServer● The configuration and management server (sipXconfig) provides Web administration and user portals, Web services APIs, as well as all the abstraction logic to make using sipXecs as simple as it is. It provides centralized management of all the aspects of sipXecs, including installation, configuration, backup & restore, upgrade, troubleshooting and cluster management.● “Pushes” configs to other nodes● Should be rewritten in Puppet or a like.

Configuring sipXecs● A couple of files● Some of them even obsoleted● Putting the SSL stuff in the right location

Everything is a funky SSLproblem● Sipx generates keys at install time • Ca + keypairs per node● 2nd node needs those keys● Copy to puppetmaster and transfer back to other nodes ?● Or generate on puppetmaster and redistribute ? => Generated on Puppetmaster

Adding a second node● <> clustering● <> high availability ( please dont start crying)● Create an entry in the management interface● Then repeat manual installation using ncurses● Or just do a wget to register it with the primary

class voip::sipx { sipx::netconfig { "sipx": ipaddress => $ip_address, netmask => $netmask; } if $nodename == sipx-a { sipx::configserver{ "sipx": } sipx::staticcertdbca{ "$hostname": } sipx::staticcertdbnodes{ "SIPX-A.${platformdomainextension}": clientname => "SIPX-A"; } sipx::staticcertdbnodes{ "SIPX-B.${platformdomainextension}": clientname => "SIPX-B"; } include sipx::runmaster } else { include sipx::runslave sipx::register{ "$nodename": clientname =>"${nodename}.${platformdomainextension}", password =>"yourpw",} } sipx::supervisor { "$hostname": sipx_supervisor => "sipx-a.$platformdomainextension"; } sipx::staticssl{ "$hostname": }}

More complexity Or regular puppet ordering● Sipx requires PgSQL● You want PgSQL on an isolated LV● PgSQL configuration has to be done after it initialized a DB● SipX insist on starting PgSQL for you

class voip::storage { file { "/var/lib/pgsql": ensure => directory; lvm::volume { "pgsql": vg => "systemvg", pv => "/dev/cciss/c0d0p2", fstype => "ext3", size => "20G", ensure => present, } mount { "/var/lib/pgsql": atboot => true, device => "/dev/systemvg/pgsql", ensure => mounted, fstype => "ext3", options => "defaults", require => [Logical_volume[pgsql],File[/var/lib/pgsql]], }}class voip::pgsql { include postgres postgres::initdb { "sipx": } postgres::config{ "sipx": listen => "*", postgres::hba { "sipx": allowedrules => [ "host SIPXCDR all ${clientip}/32 trust", ], }}

include voip::storageinclude voip::pgsqlinclude voip::sipx Class["voip::storage"] -> Class["voip::pgsql"] -> Class["voip::sipx"]

More complexity Or manipulating content of files● Bug in SIPX writes wrong listen adress for Freeswitch● XML Gibberish● Sipxconfig generates parts of the config files from unknown sources

AugeasWith Augtoolaugtool > set /augeas/load/Xml/incl[3] /tmp/blah.xmlaugtool > set /augeas/load/Xml/lens Xml.lnsaugtool > loadaugtool >print /files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[17]//files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[17] = "#empty"/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/name = "sip-ip"/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/value = "10.255.202.90"augtool> print /files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[18]//files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[18] = "#empty"/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[18]/#attribute/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[18]/#attribute/name = "ext-rtp-ip"/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[18]/#attribute/value = "auto-nat"augtool> print /files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[16]//files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[16] = "#empty"/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/name = "rtp-ip"/files/tmp/blah.xml/profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/value = "10.255.202.90"

Augeasaugtool> get/files/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml/profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/value/files/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml/profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/value = 10.255.202.90augtool> set/files/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml/profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/value 10.0.0.2

Augeas & Puppetaugeas{"sipxprofile" : changes => [ "set /augeas/load/Xml/incl[last()+1]/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml", "set /files/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml/profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/value 10.0.0.2", "set /files/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml/profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/value 10.0.0.2", ], }augeas{"sipxprofile" : lens => "Xml.lns", incl => "/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml", context => "/files/etc/sipxpbx/freeswitch/conf/sip_profiles/sipX_profile.xml", changes => [ "set profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/value $ipaddress", "set profile/settings/param[17]/#attribute/value $ipaddress", ], onlyif => "get profile/settings/param[16]/#attribute/value != $ipaddress",}

Manual config of theservices via the gui is still required :(

I want to● Automatically create my admin pw● Automatically add that second node● Automatically disable/ enable functions in the sipX server • e.g conferencing, openfire● Add users/phones● Theres an API !● Which only implements limited functionality , and no configuration

Screen scraping ?(03:28:30 PM) lazyboy: y, you just need a form processing library, one that can read a formvalues and allow you to post back your changes(03:30:04 PM) lazyboy: the problem w/this method as you know is that it is constantlybreaking(03:30:41 PM) sdog: yep .. whan you change the gui .. it will break ....(03:30:45 PM) lazyboy: maybe we need a serverside abstraction layer, that does thescreenscraping and exports out a clean REST API(03:31:13 PM) lazyboy: overtime, APIs go straight thru(03:36:18 PM) lazyboy: so its possible some of what you want to do is available w/not a lotof screen scraping.

Abusing Test Frameworks to configure services on a webgui

Cucumber● Looks extremely easy • “Hey our manager could write these test”● Isnt • Heavily under documented • Best docs are in the RSpec book • Online examples are mostly broken● Requires to write a lot of code

Apache Jmeter● Test tool● Load generation tool● Lets you record session by using a proxy● Only recent versions support SSL

Selenium● Firefox plugin● Replays your actions • No need to write code● Can export to perl, php, ruby .. • Which requires the a Selenium Remote Control Server • Which launches Firefox● SSL Fun ahead

Alternatives● Sahi • Similar to selenium • Requires proxy● www::mechanize● Mechanize rubygem● Webtest● Your idea ?

I want an API

Conclusions● No good solution yet :(● Talk to your upstream supplier • Vendor / project● Be patient● Show the good example● All bugs produced during this experience are on https://github.com/KrisBuytaert

ContactKris BuytaertKris.Buytaert@inuits.beFurther Reading@krisbuytaerthttp://www.krisbuytaert.be/blog/http://www.inuits.be/ Inuits Esquimaux t Hemeltje Kheops Business Gemeentepark 2 Center 2930 Brasschaat Avenque Georges 891.514.231 Lemaître 54 6041 Gosselies +32 473 441 636 889.780.406

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Automating complex infrastructures with Puppet

by Kris Buytaert

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