2. MAJOR TOPICS
Short Note: Latitude and Longitude, Tropic of Cancer,
Tropic of Capricorn, Equator, Continent, Sub
Continent, Peninsula, Island, Prime Meridian,
Standard Meridian
Location of India
Size of India
Position of India
India and Neighboring Countries
Map
3. Describe the Location of India
India is a vast country lying in the Northern hemisphere.
It extends between latitude 8 ̊4’ N and 37 ̊6’N and
longitudes 68 ̊ 7’ E and 97 ̊ 25’ E.
23 ̊ 30’ N latitudes divides the entire country into almost
two equal parts and it s known as the Tropic of Cancer.
The Southeast and the Southwest of the mainland, lie the
Andaman and Nicobar Islands and the Lakshadweep
Islands in Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea respectively.
Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,
Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram are the
states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes.
4. Equator
It is a 0 ̊ latitude. It divides the earth into two equal
parts. Northern and Southern hemisphere.
Hemisphere
Half of a Sphere. The earth is divided into the Northern
and Southern hemisphere by an equator.
5.
6.
7. Latitude and Longitude
It is the angular distance, north or south from the
equator, of a point on the Earth surface. The equator
is 0 ̊, and points can be therefore be measured in
degrees, south or north of this line
It is the angular distance of a point
measured on the earth’s surface to the east or west of
a central reference point. The reference point in this
case is the plane created by a meridian going through
Greenwich in England. It is 0 ̊ meridian.
8.
9.
10. Tropic of Cancer
It is a 23 ̊ 30’ N latitude. It divides the entire country
into almost two equal parts, it is known as the Tropic
of Cancer. Rays of sun fall vertically on it on 21st June.
Tropic of Capricorn
It is a 23 ̊ 30’ South latitude. Rays of sun fall vertically on
it on 22nd December.
Tropical Zone
The earth’s surface between Tropic of Cancer and
Tropic of Capricorn.
11.
12.
13. Peninsula
A piece of land which is surrounded by water on two
sides. It is connected to the rest of the land by a
narrow neck of land.
Eg: Indian peninsular and Malaysian peninsula
Island
A piece of land surrounded by seas on all sides.
Eg: Sri Lanka and Lakshadweep.
14. Size of the India
The total area of India is 3.28 million sq.km.
It is nearly 2.4per cent of the total geographical area of
the World.
India is the seventh largest country in the World.
India has a land boundary of about 15,200 km and the
total length of the cost line of the main land including
Andaman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep is 7516.6 km.
India is bounded by the young fold mountains in the
northwest, north and northeast.
South of about 22 ̊ north latitude, it begins to taper and
extends towards the Indian ocean, dividing into two seas,
the Arabian sea on the west and Bay of Bengal on the east
