Demystifying CSS & WordPress

Demystifying CSS & WordPress by Justin Carmony

About Me• CTO of Dating DNA• CIO of CEVO• Web Development • Hobbyist Since 1997 • Professional Since 2005• http://www.justincarmony.com/blog/

Let’s Do A Quick Survey!

How Much About CSS Do You Know? None? A Little? A Lot?

Lets Start With...My Favorite Topic

Why PeopleHate CSS

Why Can’t Browsers Just Get Along?

h1 a, h2 a,html, body, div, span, applet, object, iframe, h3 a, h4 a,h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6, p, blockquote, pre, h5 a,a, abbr, acronym, address, big, cite, code, h6 a, h1 a:visited,del, dfn, em, font, img, ins, kbd, q, s, samp, h2 a:visited,small, strike, strong, sub, sup, tt, var, h3 a:visited, h4 a:visited,b, u, i, center, h5 a:visited, h6 a:visited {dl, dt, dd, ol, ul, li, color: #51555c;fieldset, form, label, legend, } h1 a:hover,hr{ h2 a:hover, margin: 0; h3 a:hover, h4 a:hover, padding: 0; h5 a:hover, border: 0; h6 a:hover { color: #a00004; outline: 0; text-decoration: none; } font-size: 100%; /* elements with title attribute */ vertical-align: baseline; abbr[title], acronym[title], background: transparent; dfn[title],} span[title], del[title] {blockquote, q { cursor: help; quotes: none; } /* typogrify: inset initial double quotes. */} .dquo { margin-left: -.45em;blockquote:before, blockquote:after, }q:before, q:after { /* fancy ampersands */ .amp { content: ; font-family: Baskerville, "Goudy Old Style", "Palatino", "Boo content: none; Antiqua", serif; font-size: 13px;} font-style: italic;:focus { } /* Font sizes and vertical measure */ outline: 0; h1, h2,} h3, What the Heck Is This?cite, h4, h5,address { h6, display:inline; .h1, .h2, font-style:normal; .h3 {} display:block; margin-bottom:9px; }

Sometimes It Is...User Error

Lots of People JustGive Up

Don’t Give Up!You can get passed it!

The Solution:Better Understanding of CSS

First Topic: Selectors

selector typesp { margin:10px 0 10px 0; } /* Element */.header { width:1000px; } /* Class */#footer { padding:10px; } /* ID */a:visited { color:#0016ff; } /* Pseudo Class */h1:before { margin-bottom:0px; } /* Pseudo Element */

Let’s Practice!attendee { mouth:smiling; }.blogger { right-hand:raised; }.developer { left-hand:raised; }speaker { currently: “Laughing as he controls theaudience! Mwuahahaha!”; }

Which Rule to Rule Them All? * { color:black; } a { color:blue; } #content a { color:red; } html body article .entry-post a { color: green; }

Commonly Misunderstood:CSS Speciﬁcity

Speciﬁcity Deﬁnition: Selector specificity is a process used to determine which rules take precedence inCSS when several rules could be applied to the same element in markup.

Speciﬁcity Hierarchy1. Inline styles (i.e. <div style=“font-weight:bold;”>)2. ID Selectors (i.e. #header, #footer )3. Class Selectors (i.e. .blogger, .selected )4. Element Selectors (i.e. blockquote, div )

Calculating Speciﬁcity Start With Value: 0,0,0,0 Element Selector Class Selector Value: 0,0,0,1 Value: 0,0,1,0 Example: div Example: .vador ID Selector Value: 0,1,0,0 Example: #header

Calculating Speciﬁcity Which is Greater? 0,0,0,1 > 0,0,0,0 0,0,0,2 > 0,0,0,1 0,0,1,0 > 0,0,0,15 0,2,0,0 > 0,1,99,99

Specificity Hierarchy1. Equal Specificity - Use Last Rule html p { color:red; } div p { color: blue; } /* Will Use This One */2. Unequal Specificity - Use More Specific Rule #content h1 { font-size: 30px; } /* Will Use */ body h1 { font-size:20px; }

Don’t Panic! Tools To Help You: FireBug - FireFoxDeveloper Tools - Chrome

AnyQuestionsAbout Speciﬁcity?

Second Topic:The Box Model

Two Basic Display Types:Inline & Block

Inline* { display:inline; }

Block* { display:block; }

The Box Model Pretty Straight Forward

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { color:#FF0000;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { color:#FF0000; font-size:28px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; width:200px; height:200px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; width:200px; height:200px; padding:20px;}

Commonly Misunderstood:Width, Height, & Padding

The Box Model

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; width:200px; height:200px; padding:20px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; width:200px; height:200px; padding:20px; border: #000000 solid 5px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; width:100%; height:200px; padding:20px; border: #000000 solid 5px;}

CommonlyMisunderstood:100% Width

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; width:100%; height:200px; padding:20px; border: #000000 solid 5px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; height:200px; padding:20px; border: #000000 solid 5px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; height:200px; padding:20px; border: #0000FF solid 5px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; height:200px; padding:20px; border: #0000FF solid 5px; margin: 20px 10px 20px 10px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>Hello World!</div>CSS:* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; height:100px; padding:20px; border: #0000FF solid 5px; margin: 20px 10px 20px 10px;}

HTML:<div class=“hello”>HelloWorld!</div><div class=“hello”>HelloWorld!</div>CSS:* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }.hello { background:#FF0000; font-size:28px; height:100px; padding:20px; border: #0000FF solid 5px; margin: 20px 10px 20px 10px;}

Commonly Misunderstood:Margin Collapse

Margin Collapse

This is aGood Thing! But...

What You Think Should Happen #masthead { background: #FF8800; margin: 10px; } #masthead h1 { margin: 20px 10px; } #masthead p { margin: 5px 10px; font-style: italic; }

What Actually Happens #masthead { background: #FF8800; margin: 10px; } #masthead h1 { margin: 20px 10px; } #masthead p { margin: 5px 10px; font-style: italic; }

Rule of Thumb:Use Padding Instead of Margin Where Possible

Use Margins When You Want Them To Collapse

AnyQuestionsAbout the Box Model?

Third Topic:Floating Elements

Normal FlowHTML: CSS:<div class="container"> * { margin:0; padding:0; } <div class="box one"></div> body { margin:20px; } <div class="box two"></div> .container { padding:20px; <div class="box three"></div> background:#7acfff; }</div> .box { width:100px; height:100px; } .one { background:red; } .two { background:green; } .three { background:blue; }

Normal FlowCSS:* { margin:0; padding:0; }body { margin:20px; }.container { padding:20px; background:#7acfff; }.box { width:100px; height:100px; }.one { background:red; }.two { background:green; }.three { background:blue; }

Floating Properties1. The “float” attribute can have values of “right, left, inherit, and none.”2. The block element will shift to the left or right of the content.3. The parent element’s content will flow around the element (unless they use the “clear” attribute).4. The floated element is removed from the Normal Flow.

Floating OneCSS:* { margin:0; padding:0; }body { margin:20px; }.container { padding:20px; background:#7acfff; }.box { width:100px; height:100px; }.one { background:red; ﬂoat:right; }.two { background:green; }.three { background:blue; }

Floating TwoCSS:* { margin:0; padding:0; }body { margin:20px; }.container { padding:20px; background:#7acfff; }.box { width:100px; height:100px; }.one { background:red; ﬂoat:right; }.two { background:green; }.three { background:blue; ﬂoat:right; }

Floating ThreeCSS:* { margin:0; padding:0; }body { margin:20px; }.container { padding:20px; background:#7acfff; }.box { width:100px; height:100px; }.one { background:red; float:right; }.two { background:green; float:left; }.three { background:blue; float:right; }

Normal Flow HTML: <div class="container"> <div class="box one"></div> <div class="box two"></div> <div class="box three"></div> <div class="clear"></div> </div>

Clearing the EndCSS:* { margin:0; padding:0; }body { margin:20px; }.container { padding:20px; background:#7acfff; }.box { width:100px; height:100px; }.one { background:red; float:right; }.two { background:green; float:left; }.three { background:blue; float:right; }.clear { clear:both; }

Using ClearCSS:* { margin:0; padding:0; }body { margin:20px; }.container { padding:20px; background:#7acfff; }.box { width:100px; height:100px; }.one { background:red; float:right; }.two { background:green; float:left; }.three { background:blue; float:right; clear:right; }.clear { clear:both; }

AnyQuestionsAbout Floating?

Other Misconceptions

Element Positions

Vertical & HorizontalCentering

Ok, One More Thing...

Using This WithWordPress

If You Blog Using...WordPress.com

If You Blog Using...Self-Hosted WP

Final Thoughts

Recommended Book

Validate Your CSS!

Articles & Resources @ http://justincarmony.com/cssAdditional Info

Thank You! Twitter: JustinCarmony IRC: carmony @ #uphpu on freenode Email: justin@justincarmony.com My Blog: http://justincarmony.com/blog/

Demystifying CSS & WordPress

by Justin Carmony on Sep 10, 2011

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