Hoenke Perspectives 9 26 09

1
Musings on Dark Ages, Climates and ConnectednessContext & Perspectives
Presented to Ancient Artifact Preservation Society (AAPS)
by Karl Hoenke
26 September 2009
Marquette, Michigan

Overview
Why’d it take us so long?
Dust Veils & Dark Ages
Things “out of place”
Glance at prehistoric Copper Industry
Introduce a few pre-Columbian maps
Recommended reading

Average World Temperatures °F
Younger--Dryas
Toba Eruption – Mankind reduced to ~3,000 individuals (bottleneck)
Nashville
Chicago
Calgary
Nome
Comet Hit – End Ice Age
+9
Average Today = 57 °F
0
-9
48 °F
-18
39 °F
-27
30 °F
-36
21 °F
50
100
90
80
70
10
60
40
30
20
0
Thousands of Years Before Present (kBP)

Stability
Average Today = 57 °F
± 2.5°F !!!
48 °F
39 °F
30 °F
21 °F
30
20
0
10
Thousands of Years Before Present (kBP)
Average World Temperatures °F

Temperature Perspectives
+2 °F
-3 °F

Selected, but Key Dates
11,000 BC Comet struck N.A.
5,500 BC Black Sea Inundated
2,354 BC
1,628 BC
1,159 BC Dust Veil Events
207 BC
540 AD

11,000 BCComet strikes Upper Midwest Ice Sheet
Approximate End of cave painting era in Europe
Megafauna disappear from North America
World ocean levels rose 300 feet, episodically, over next 6,000 years, inundating coastal settlements world-wide
Signs of recovery in Europe:
Ćatalhüyük & Göbekli Tepe, Turkey (9,000 BC)
Jericho, Israel (9,000 BC)
Woodhenges, Britain (8,000 BC)
Megalithic Culture, Atlantic Europe, (5,000 BC)
Signs of recovery in North America
Archaic (& Red Paint) cultures begin ~5,000 BC
Mound cultures begin ~3,000 BC
Old Copper Culture begins ~3,500 BC

5,500 BCMediterranean Floods Black Sea
Indo-Europeans disperse
Farming begins penetrating Europe EW
Major shift from Matriarchal to Patriarchal societies in Mediterranean region
Possible event remembered as Gilgamesh and Biblical Flood

World-Wide “Dust Veil” EventsTree Rings Show 5-10 Year Effects
Chinese, Roman, Mayan, Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian:
“Sun has no warmth”
Crops fail due to extended draughts
Wide-spread famines
“Sun casts no shadow”
“Stars not seen”
Summer frosts kill crops
Irish bog oaks, California bristlecones, German & Turkish trees show no-growth rings
Ice cores may show sulfur signals, narrow bands
Synopsis made from Baillie’s Exodus to Arthur

Three Candidates for Disturbances
Volcanoes
May produce Sulfur signal in ice cores
Effects last 2-3 years at most
Marine “Outgassing”
Effects local or regional
Effects may imitate plagues
Comet &/or Bolide Strikes
Effects differ for marine or land hits
Can vary from local to world-wide
Can have prolonged effects
Effects captured in myth imagery

2,354 BCEruption of Hekla IV
Chinese floods & famine
Sudden water level rises in Irish lakes
Weak link to Egyptian 1st Intermediate Period

1,628 BCProbable date of Thera/Santorini eruption
Stonehenge abandoned
Hyksos rule of Egypt (2nd Intermediate period)
Three fourths of “men” of Ireland die
End of Minoan hegemony, power shifts to Greece

End of Xia Dynasty in China
Biblical Exodus?
Recovery begins ~ 200 yr later in Egypt

1,159 BC
End Mediterranean, Aegean, Egyptian, Syrian Cultures
Trojan War, “Sea Peoples”
Irish King list cites “Catastrophes”
End Shang dynasty in China
Bronze Age ends in Europe
Recovery begins with rise of Classic Greece, 800 BC
1100 BC, Chou dynasty begins 900 year run

207 BC
Chinese lose “Mandate of Heaven”, dynasty change amid famines
“Stones fall from sky” in Mediterranean
Roman famines, epidemics
California tree rings extremely narrow
Rapid recovery in Mediterranean

540 ADLikelyComet Impact
Chinese lose “Mandate of Heaven”, suffer famines
“Failure of bread” in Ireland
Justinian plague & Collapse of Roman Empire
Gupta dynasty ends in India, 540 AD
Brief Mayan “intermediate” period
Coldest summer, including frosts, in 1500 yr
Recovery appears with
Classic Mayan (600 AD)
Beginning of Medieval Europe (~1,000 AD)
After 500 yr of brief dynasties, Song stabilized China, 960 AD

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Short-List of “Things out of Place” - 1
Excerpted from “Biological Evidence for Pre-Columbian Transoceanic Voyages” by John Sorenson and Carl Johannessen, 2006
CiS = carved in stone

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18

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Copper Removal from Keweenaw Region
Roger Jewell Model
Bronze Age Begins
Minoan Civilization
Level of Mining Activity
Collapse of Bronze Age
Old Copper Culture
3,000 BC
2,400 BC
600 BC
1,200 BC
1,800 BC

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Some pre-Columbian Maps

21
Recommended Reading
Roger L. Jewell, Ancient Mines of Kitchi-Gummi, 2004
Victor H. Mair (ed), Contact and Exchange in the Ancient World, 2006 (paper by Sorenson and Johannessen)
Charles Mann, 1491, 2006 (Pre-Columbian conditions)
Gavin Menzies, 1421, 2002 (Chinese world tour)
Gavin Menzies, 1434, 2008 (Chinese visit to Europe)
Firestone, Allen & West, Cycle of Cosmic Catastrophes, 2006 (comet theory)
Mike Baillie, Exodus to Arthur, 1999 (Dust Veil Events)
Mike Baillie, New Light on the Black Death, 2006

QUESTIONS ???

Average World Temperatures

80
Timeline of Selected Events
kBP = Thousand Years Before Present
Early Modern Sapiens Moves “Out of Africa” (~100 kBP)
75
70
Modern Sapiens Bottleneck to Approximately 3,000 Individuals
65
60
55
Modern Sapiens Successfully Leaves Africa
50
Modern Sapiens (Cro-Magnon) Occupies Europe, Paints Caves!
45
40
35
30
S
25
Australia colonized by sea (~40-50 kBP)
20
Americas 1st populated by sea, estimated 18-30 kBP
15
Younger-Dryas (12.8-11.5 kBP)
10
Earliest “City” -- Catalhuyuk
5
Bering Land Bridge Opens
25
Today
Stonehenge

Topper Site, South Carolina (19-16 kBP, to 50 kBP?)
16
15
Many Sites (Meadowcroft, Cactus Hill, Monte Verde, etc)
14
13
12
Clovis Culture (11.0-10.8 kBP)
11
Comet strikes N.A. Ice Sheet
10
Maximum Ice Sheet
(18-14 kBP)
9
8
7
Virtually Blank N.A. Slate
6
Japan Current Route
5
Textbook Paradigm denies any contact between N.A. & rest of World for 10,000 years!
4
3
2
1
26
Today

Bronze Age (Europe, E Med.)
Using the World’s Oceans
Events in Americas
11
Clovis Culture (11.0-10.8 kBP)
Folsom Culture
10
Indian Ocean trading
Black Sea floods at Bosporus
9
Plainview Culture
Polynesians Leave Taiwan
(5.7 kBP)
8
7
East Coast “Red Paint” Culture
Fengtien jade trade Taiwan to Asia (5.2 kBP)
Copper Mining in Keweenaw (7-3.2 kBP)
Most intense period 4.5-3.2 kBP
6
Egyptians import cedars & obelisks (5-2 kBP)
East Coast “Megalithic Culture
5
Adena, Hopewell & Mississippian Mound Builders
Uluburun ship sinks w/10 tons of copper (3 kBP)
4
3
Chinese Explore N.A. West
Hittite, Egyptian, Levant cultures Collapse, Trojan War (1,200 BC)
2
Greek, Persian & Roman Navies, & Trading
African trade to Central America
1
Vikings, L’Anse Aux Meadows
Columbus
27
Today