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2008-2010 Phi Theta Kappa 2008-2010 Honors Program Guide Featuring the 2008-2010 Honors Study Topic The Paradox of Affluence: Choices, Challenges, and Consequences The Phi Theta Kappa Experience: Honoring Scholars, Building Servant Leaders

About Phi Theta Kappa Phi TheTa KaPPa is the international honor society for community college Mission stateMent: The purpose of Phi Theta Kappa shall be students. Since its founding in 1918, Phi Theta Kappa has recognized the academic to recognize and encourage scholarship among two-year college achievements of students in associate-degree programs. The Society has grown students. To achieve this purpose, Phi Theta Kappa shall provide from eight charter chapters in Missouri to more than 1,250 chapters located in all opportunity for the development of leadership and service, for 50 of the United States, Canada, Germany, the Republic of Palau, the Republic of an intellectual climate for exchange of ideas and ideals, for lively the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, British Virgin Islands, United fellowship for scholars, and for stimulation of interest in continuing Arab Emirates, and U.S. territories. Nearly 100,000 of the most outstanding two- academic excellence. year college students are inducted into membership in Phi Theta Kappa each year. Phi Theta Kappa offers students opportunities for engaging in scholarly activities, earning academic scholarships, providing service to the community, developing and practicing leadership skills, and enjoying fellowship with other scholars. Phi Theta Kappa is committed to the elimination of discrimination based on gender, race, class, economic status, ethnic background, sexual orientation, age, physical ability, and cultural and religious backgrounds. © 2008 by Phi Theta Kappa, Inc., in the United States and Canada. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced without the consent of Phi Theta Kappa. The name, logo, and various titles herein have been registered with the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. The Phi Theta Kappa Honors Program Guide is published once every two years by Phi Theta Kappa, 1625 Eastover Drive, Jackson, MS 39211, 601.984.3504.

Contents The Phi Theta Kappa Experience hONORiNG SChOLaRS, bUiLDiNG SeRVaNT LeaDeRS ...........................................................................................................................................................................Page 2 Creating the Phi Theta Kappa Experience 2008-2010 Honors Study Topic: The Paradox of Affluence: Choices, Challenges, and Consequences iNTeGRaTiNG SChOLaRShiP, LeaDeRShiP, SeRViCe, aND FeLLOwShiP...........................................................................................................................Page 3 hONORS iN aCTiON.........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 4 JOURNaLiNG SUGGeSTiONS .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 5 eSSay...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 6 iSSUe 1: Definition ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 8 iSSUe 2: Fine Arts ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 0 iSSUe 3: Health........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 2 iSSUe 4: Economic Policy...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 4 iSSUe 5: Rise and Fall of Civilizations and Empires ................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 6 iSSUe 6: Political and Civil Liberties......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 8 iSSUe 7: Geography............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 20 iSSUe 8: Education...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 22 iSSUe 9: Individual, Family, and Community Life.....................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 24 iSSUe 10: Environment....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................Page 26 Phi Theta Kappa Honors Institute Topics and Sites .....................................................................................................................Page 28 Phi Theta Kappa Honors Program Committee.........................................................................................................................................Page 29

The Phi Theta Kappa Experience Honoring scHolars encouraged to use this Honors Program Guide to examine the paradox of affluence and to incorporate the Honors Study Topic into their leadership Phi Theta Kappa is dedicated to honoring student scholars for development activities and projects they initiate to serve their chapters, outstanding academic achievement at associate-degree granting colleges, and communities. institutions. Membership provides opportunities for public recognition Active chapters provide an educationally powerful environment, and acknowledgement of superior scholastic accomplishment by supported by resources, award programs and events sponsored faculty, college administrators and peers. Such acknowledgment bolsters by Phi Theta Kappa. Phi Theta Kappa offers two award programs to academic motivation and enhances student success. honor the achievements of outstanding chapters, build a scholarly community among students and faculty and engage in service to Active membership offers much more than recognition. Phi Theta Kappa the college and community. The Five Star Chapter Development has an array of educationally purposeful programs that bridge academic Program reflects the scholarly ideals of Phi Theta Kappa and serves and co-curricular activities to foster intellectual and psychosocial as a blueprint for developing a strong chapter and for earning local, development. Students participate in faculty-directed, challenging regional, and international recognition. Using this program, chapters honors activities that integrate service and leadership components. This can build a foundation and establish a lasting legacy on campus. convergence of educational and developmental experiences provides practical applications for academic exercises and results in real-life Phi Theta Kappa’s competitive hallmark awards Program recognizes experiences that prospective employers and college recruiters recognize outstanding chapters, regions and individuals. True to its name, the and value. Participation enhances interpersonal and communication skills, program celebrates excellence in the Society’s Hallmarks of Scholarship, expands intellectual and cultural competencies, and assists in clarifying Leadership, Service and Fellowship. Hallmark Awards are presented to academic and employment goals and a sense of purpose. While exploring chapters that excel in Scholarship, Leadership, and Service. Scholarly Phi Theta Kappa programs through the examinations of scholarly topics, fellowship is an inherent part of each of those entries, but there is no experiencing leadership, and providing service to their campus and civic separate Fellowship category in the Hallmark Awards Program. arenas, students become engaged in their communities, form effective peer mentoring groups and enhance the campus environment. The Phi Theta Kappa international Convention is the largest multinational gathering of community college students in the world. At the Convention members engage with internationally known speakers and interact with peers and faculty. Convention educational forums Building servant leaders allow in-depth examination of the Honors Study Topic, offer leadership and service workshops, and furnish resources for student development. Phi Theta Kappa programs provide members with opportunities for Members will find transfer and career forums and opportunities to network intellectual growth and challenge, as well as opportunities for leadership with transfer counselors and explore career options. development and service. Members may explore programs independently or through participation in their local chapter. The central focus of the The Phi Theta Kappa international honors institute, called the “crown organization’s programs is an Honors Study Topic that offers a platform for jewel” in the Society’s honors programming agenda, provides a week’s examination of a timely, interdisciplinary subject of vital importance to the intensive study of the Honors Study Topic through outstanding speakers, human experience. Through analysis of issues related to the 2008-2010 intimate group discussions, field trips and experiential exercises. The Honors Study Topic, The Paradox of Affluence: Choices, Challenges, and honors Satellite Seminar Series, co-produced by Phi Theta Kappa Consequences, chapters will be able to develop honors in action activities and the National Collegiate Honors Council, is a series of interactive that implement the Society’s ongoing 2008-2010 International Service seminars led by experts on Honors Study Topic-related issues. The Program, Operation Green: Improving Our Communities, and employ Seminars are broadcast live via satellite to college campuses around the the Society’s Leadership Development Program resources. Students are world each fall and are available as well via web download. 2

Creating the Phi Theta Kappa Experience 2008-200 Honors study topic: integrating scHolarsHip, leadersHip, tHe paradox oF aFFluence: cHoices, service, and FellowsHip cHallenges, and consequences The Honors Program Guide includes resources devoted to the Honors Phi Theta Kappa programs for chapter and individual participation reflect Study Topic and provides avenues for honors students to enrich their the Society Hallmarks of Scholarship, Leadership and Service, and evoke scholarly endeavors with the interdisciplinary exploration of a timely topic Fellowship through camaraderie and cooperation. Exploring the Honors and then apply their knowledge as servant leaders in the college and the Study Topic creates opportunities for chapters and individuals to integrate community. the Hallmarks in comprehensive, well-rounded initiatives effective in contributing to academic stimulation and student development. The The broad categories of issues that relate to the Honors Study Topic and following pages provide guidance for exploring the Honors Study study questions for each issue are designed to initiate interdisciplinary, Topic and incorporating additional resources such as Phi Theta Kappa’s scholarly inquiry and research. Study of any of the issues related to The Leadership Development Program and the 2008-2010 International Paradox of Affluence should include opportunities to lead and serve. Service Program, Operation Green: Improving Our Communities. scholarship Hallmark Research and analyze the Honors Study Topic to identify causes, needs, and potential solutions Study contemporary leadership and historical leaders Hallmark build an Develop leadership skills, effective fulfill leadership research positions and team identify a roles community Discover need new needs that require further research to understand Prepare and identify leaders solutions Support each other Fellowship and multiply impact Hallmark Interpersonal skills develop Provide experience throughout the process for emerging leaders, helping them expose needs for further leadership development service Hallmark Work to improve the community 3

Honors in Action honors in action project ideas vary in scope and may be adopted by Humanities Approach, online leadership development readings, and online individual honors students or Phi Theta Kappa members, honors classes, or information about the International Service Program, Operation Green: Phi Theta Kappa chapters. Each honors in action project description is Improving Our Communities, can enhance honors in action projects by the nucleus of an undertaking that can provide opportunities for learning creating balanced, comprehensive projects in which participants advance their and growth in two, three, or all four of the Society’s Hallmarks. By combining knowledge and application of all the Hallmarks. For any honors in action scholarly inquiry and research with leadership to increase awareness and projects, individuals or groups may develop different or additional ways to service to the community, an individual or chapter can make a difference incorporate elements related to scholarly research, leadership, service, and regarding the issue explored or discovered by studying the topic. Hallmark fellowship. areas are indicated for all suggested honors in action projects. Additional resources available online include a detailed Honors Study Topic Comprehensive honors in action project descriptions involve materials annotated bibliography, film list, discussion grid, and a list of links to further from Phi Theta Kappa’s Leadership Development Program and Phi Theta web resources, Phi Theta Kappa’s Leadership Briefs and other external websites. Kappa’s International Service Program. These resources, such as the As you incorporate elements related to these Hallmarks, your honors in leadership textbook, Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A action project can grow in depth and impact. explore the honors Study Topic by integrating the Society hallmarks into honors in action projects. Issue 10: Environment How does tHe global environment reflect tHe paradox of affluence? Your honors in action project will provide avenues for honors students to enrich their scholarly endeavors with the interdisciplinary exploration of a timely Study QueStionS HonorS in Action topic and then apply their knowledge as 1. To what extent is the world on the verge of environmental collapse? Create an environmental steering committee comprised of servant leaders in the college and the community. Scholarship students, faculty, and staff on your campus to research issues 2. To what degree does environmental policy affect health? Leadership related to your campus’ environment. From that research, develop 3. To what extent does a nation’s affluence affect international Service Fellowship projects for your campus that will beautify and improve your policy on the environment and climate change? environment. 4. How might affluence affect a person’s ability and willingness to embrace a “one child per human mother” policy to help reduce Track weather patterns in your community and research those study questions inititate interdisciplinary, scholarly Scholarship patterns over time. Has the weather changed considerably in your human impact on the global environment? Leadership Fellowship community? Are temperatures higher, lower, or similar to what 5. To what degree is conflict over natural resources (i.e., water, natural they have been for the last fifty years? Are there more extreme gas) more likely to break out in less affluent nations? patterns such as tornadoes, hurricanes, or earthquakes? What 6. In what ways does affluence determine the environmental consciousness of an individual or community? are the factors that contribute to the stability or change in your community’s weather? Share your findings over a semester at your inquiry and research into the The Paradox of Affluence. chapter meetings. 7. To what degree is it true that affluent nations pollute to a greater extent than poorer nations? Research your carbon footprint and the collective footprint of Honors in action 8. In what ways is global warming a result of the paradox of affluence? Scholarship everyone on your college campus. What factors are most prevalent Leadership 9. How can individuals, families, and communities work to neutralize in terms of causing environmental damage in your college Service their carbon footprints? Does affluence affect a person’s ability and Fellowship community? What will it take to erase those carbon footprints? Work with a team of students, faculty, and staff on your campus to develop willingness to do so? 10. Why, despite our potential overuse of the Earth’s resources as global affluence increases, do scholars argue life will go on? and implement a project on campus to erase your collective carbon footprint. Invite members of the local National Honor Society to work with you. projects include the Hallmarks addressed. Read Juliet Schor’s The Overspent American (1998). Contemplate Scholarship your own spending and its impact on the environment. Write an project description Leadership Service op-ed piece on the connection between consumerism and the Fellowship environment for your college or community newspaper. is the nucleus of an undertaking that provides learning and growth opportunities in two, three, or all four of the Society’s Hallmarks. 26 4

journaling suggestions For the service Hallmark, For an honors in action project to fully develop in each of the Hallmark record such components as areas, intentional and purposeful recording, planning, and reflection are • Dialogues about possible projects directly related to the essential. To assist members and chapters with intentional recording, International Service Program and how they connect to the planning, and reflection to develop our Society’s Hallmarks, journaling Honors Study Topic throughout an honors in action project is highly recommended. A • Contacts with potential partners whose missions your Honors in variety of activities specific to each Hallmark may be recorded in a journal Action activities complement or provide materials for reflection in a journal. • Whom or what is served by each project • Impact of the project (specific accomplishments, contributions, For the scholarship Hallmark, people participating, people served) record such components as • Study question(s) posed For the Fellowship Hallmark, • Experts and sources consulted record such components as • Notes about ways research can be transformed • Who participated into projects • How the activity was inclusive • Dialogues about the Honors Study Topic • What communication methods and tools encouraged • Needs identified and possible solutions involvement and engagement (as well as less • Analysis of research and how that research translated into successful methods) Honors in Action projects • What was new or better about the interactions among • Questions remaining for further research participants • Ideas for expanding participation in the future For the leadership Hallmark, record such components as For all Hallmarks, record • People who have led similar projects in the past and what can such components as be learned from them • The strategic planning process and goal setting for Honors in • Leadership lessons learned in the research of the issue Action activities presented to the chapter, college, or community by advisors, • How the current Honors Study Topic relates to partner organizations’ leaders, and other mentors the project • Activities designed to develop leadership skills • Responsibilities and assignments for individuals and abilities and committees • How individuals or chapters overcame challenges and • Milestones achieved and feedback for improving the project as it obstacles progresses • Reactions from individuals in leadership roles about their own • Reactions from participants and reactions from those served or leadership development impacted • Details about effective goal-setting, group decision making, • How many people were involved or impacted and in what way motivation and team building, delegating, and empowerment • What emerged in activities’ debriefings: lessons learned, plans to address development needs identified, or changes for future projects Recording these details can be indispensable! For Phi Theta Kappa chapters, journaling to track progress and activities throughout your honors in action projects and to capture your reflections and thoughts on how you developed as individuals and as a chapter provides you with the detail you need to achieve your goal in the Five Star Chapter Development Program and compose your entries in the hallmark awards Program. Individuals can use journals to provide details about activities and impact for honors projects, scholarship applications, resumes, and cover letters. 5

Essay The PaRaDOx OF aFFLUeNCe: ChOiCeS, ChaLLeNGeS, aND CONSeqUeNCeS Avner Offer, professor of economic history at Oxford University, maintains that It is fitting that we will spend the next two years studying the the “paradox of affluence” is “richer is not (much) better.” Average people living paradox of affluence. If you insert the words “21st century” for the in the 14th and 16th centuries might have agreed, though they may have liked 14th and 16th centuries, the descriptions may sound eerily familiar. to test the theory. Like those centuries during which the words affluence and paradox entered the English language, the 21st century is one of extraordinary The word “affluence” was first change. We are witnessing an information and technology used in the 14th century, a time revolution, dealing with war and the ability to annihilate the world’s of unprecedented change and population. World debt is high and seen as an obstacle to human expansion in Europe. It was a development. Advances in technology and knowledge about health calamitous century that included two and hygiene have lowered global infant mortality and raised life natural disasters, the Little Ice Age expectancy. More of us live away from our families than ever before. and the Black Death, the Hundred The world’s population Years War, Great Schism in the Roman has risen to nearly seven Catholic Church, isolation of China by billion, taxing some of the Mongols, and Muslim invasions the earth’s resources. The of southern Europe. The concept of environment is in potential affluence was fueled by the ways in danger. which the Crusades changed Europe and the relationship between East Still, middle class and West. Though they had ceased Americans and members by the end of the 13th century, the of the European Union, Crusades helped develop world according to author Gregg trade, triggered the rise of towns and Easterbrook, live better dismantling of Feudalism in Western than more than 99% of Europe, and sparked a revival of the people who have Classical literature. ever lived. Most people in By the time the word “paradox” the world live better than appeared in the English language the average person who in the mid-16th century, virtually lived in the 14th and 16th every aspect of Europeans’ lives centuries and better than had changed from what they had even their grandparents been during the Middle Ages. lived. This beginning of the modern era recorded changes in mechanisms Yet, relative affluence has of commerce, systems of finance, bred discontent. Affluence development of centralized nation- and, to paraphrase Thomas Friedman, a flat world offer us more states, creation of ocean-ready choices and more challenges. The choices we make as leaders will trading fleets, and the invention of make all the difference in terms of consequences. Over the next the printing press. The Black Death two years, you will have the opportunity to study the paradox of had largely ceased, the Renaissance affluence in depth and to investigate and develop those leadership expanded north beyond Italy, and skills necessary to deal with an age of change and tumult. We hope Martin Luther began the Protestant Reformation. Christopher Columbus as well you will use what you learn about the paradox of affluence to “discovered” a new continent, and the Age of Exploration flourished as did, examine ways you can improve the environment at your college and by the end of the century, the African slave trade. Perhaps fueled by this in your community, region, and beyond through Operation Green, tremendous change, new fortunes were made and technological and artistic our International Service Program. In the end, we hope you discover innovation flourished. By the end of the century, Europe was dealing with bad new intellectual treasures for your personal and professional growth weather, poor harvests, low wages, high taxes, and high prices of food, fuel, as scholars and servant leaders and have a rich, fulfilling Phi Theta and housing. National debts had soared due to a series of wars. Kappa experience. 6

Issue 1: Definition hOw CaN The PhRaSe “PaRaDOx OF aFFLUeNCe” be iNTeRPReTeD? study questions Honors in action . What are the criteria we use to define affluence? As a chapter, research the background about and watch the Scholarship Sergio Arau satirical film A Day Without a Mexican (2004). Invite 2. What are the criteria we use to define paradox? Discuss some examples Leadership a social sciences faculty member and/or a member of the of paradoxes. Fellowship League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) to participate 3. How do different societies define affluence? in a forum dialogue on the film. Discuss the implications for 4. How can we distinguish between relative affluence and relative poverty? society if one part of the population is suddenly removed. What 5. How has the definition of affluence changed over time? does the film say about affluence in American culture? How 6. To what extent is the definition of affluence defined by one’s culture? are attitudes about affluence presented in the film? In what ways are the paradoxes of affluence made apparent in the . To what extent does technology define affluence in contemporary film? Identify leadership lessons you can learn from the film. society? 8. How has the pursuit of affluence determined the course of history? Consider the development of affluence and poverty in your local Scholarship community. Using resources such as historical societies, museums, 9. To what extent has globalization been a force for change and Leadership affluence in the modern world? local records, input from faculty in anthropology, economics, Service Fellowship sociology, and other disciplines, look at how these patterns have 0. What is meant by the phrase “paradox of affluence”? Is there a evolved over time. How have these patterns of affluence and paradox of affluence? poverty in your community changed through the years? How . What are some of the ramifications of affluence being a paradox? are these patterns changing today? How does understanding 2. What is an example of the paradox of affluence in your life? these patterns help you understand your community structure and prepare you to be more effective leaders? Prepare a display 3. To what extent is affluence a prerequisite to leadership? of your findings for presentation on your campus, and share them with local groups. Organize a leadership and service affluence “action team” to address one of the issues in your community. Pronunciation: ‘a-( )flü- n(t)s also a-’flü- or - e e ' Invite faculty members and local leaders to present at an open 1 a : an abundant flow or supply : PROFUSION b : abundance of Scholarship forum on whether there is a paradox of affluence and, if so, property : WEALTH Leadership 2 : a flowing to or toward a point : INFLUX Service how that paradox is reflected in your community. As a chapter, Paradox Fellowship prepare some items for discussion during the presentation. Pronunciation: ‘per- -”däks, ‘pa-r - e e Film the forum and make it available for other groups to use, or 1 a : tenet contrary to received opinion post the forum on a website for later viewing. Identify an area of 2 a : a statement that is seemingly contradictory or opposed to concern, based on what you learn from conducting this forum, common sense and yet is perhaps true b : a self-contradictory which your chapter can address with a project that promotes statement that at first seems true c : an argument that apparently both service and leadership development among members. derives self-contradictory conclusions by valid deduction from acceptable premises 3 : one (as a person, situation, or action) having seemingly contradictory qualities or phases 8 Source: Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary - www.m-w.com/dictionary

Scholarship As an organized chapter activity, discuss what you see as the paradoxes of affluence in your lives. What patterns of commonality BiBliograpHy Leadership emerge? What are some of the unique paradoxes each of you Fellowship face? What are the consequences of these patterns? What challenges and choices do these patterns present? How does Clinton, Bill. Giving: How Each Of Us Can Change The World. 2007. deeper understanding of your personal paradoxes prepare Clinton tells the stories of people who have changed the world you to lead your life differently? How can you learn to be more and the global landscape by giving to others and how the choices effective servant leaders by understanding these paradoxes? people make as servant leaders can genuinely affect the paradox of affluence. Explore issues of affluence and social status with two plays: George Scholarship Bernard Shaw’s play Pygmalion (1916)* and Douglas Turner Ward’s Easterbrook, Gregg. The Progress Paradox: How Life Gets Better Leadership play Day of Absence (1965). As a single act, humorous, satirical play, While People Feel Worse. 2004. Fellowship Easterbrook investigates the axiom “money doesn’t buy happiness” a chapter could create their own presentation of Day of Absence as a Reader’s Theater production. Pygmalion could be presented and finds, in many cases, it may be true. While many aspects of life in similarly, or a chapter could show the musical film version, My the 21st century are improving, people have a pessimistic view of the Fair Lady. The two plays interpret the paradox of affluence and world. He explores why we are more affluent, but less happy. explore issues of affluence and social status in contrasting ways, El-Ghonemy, M. Affluence and Poverty in the Middle East. 1998. one through illustrating the consequences of separation or removal El-Ghonemy investigates the choices, challenges, and consequences of a group and the other through describing the challenge of of persistent poverty and economic inequalities in North Africa and assimilation. Do the two plays also define the paradox of affluence the Middle East. in contrasting ways, or is the definition similar? What implications do the different approaches – exclusion versus assimilation Friedman, Thomas L. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty- – have for leaders concerned with issues of social class? first Century. 2006. Friedman argues that cheap and readily available communication Invite international students to a chapter meeting to speak about has removed the obstacles to global commerce and trade, making Scholarship their definitions of relative affluence and relative poverty in their Leadership all parts of the world equally accessible. Outsourcing of services, countries. How do their distinctions match or vary from traditional manufacturing overseas, and the potential to build new forms of Fellowship American notions? What are the indicators of affluence and poverty leadership in American business offer potential for new types and in their nations? How do they view affluence and poverty in levels of affluence. America? Discuss the leadership lessons you can learn from having a working knowledge of the differing ways peoples and nations Galbraith, John Kenneth. The Affluent Society. 1997 (40th have about the paradox of affluence. Expand this dialogue to reach anniversary edition). Phi Theta Kappa members from around the world by hosting Galbraith discusses the meaning of affluence and economic security an online forum on the issues raised in your chapter meeting. in an industrial age and the hazards of individual and societal complacency about economic inequality. As a chapter, read Thomas Friedman’s book, The Lexus and the Olive Scholarship Tree: Understanding Globalization (1999). Host a dialogue on the book. Schwartz, Barry. The Paradox of Choice: Why More is Less. 2005. Leadership What are some of the consequences for the development or decline Schwartz looks at the extraordinary choices people have in the 21st Fellowship century and investigates how many of those choices are actually of affluence Friedman explores in the global marketplace? Identify leaders who understand globalization and the consequences distinctive choices and why they do not necessarily make people and challenges that rising or falling affluence present. Are any of content. these consequences or challenges present in your community? What actions are the leaders you identify undertaking or recommending? Work to raise awareness of these leaders and how their efforts could also impact your community positively. Research the Kyoto Protocol, the United Nations treaty to reduce Scholarship greenhouse emissions by developed countries in order to combat Leadership global warming. Assign a country to teams of chapter members Service Fellowship to determine what the country’s stance is on the Kyoto Protocol and why. Why is a heavier burden placed on developed nations in reducing greenhouse emissions? Is this fair? Why, or why not? Host a forum on campus or at a regional meeting to discuss your chapter’s findings. Invite faculty members to moderate the discussion. Research litter in your community to determine what role Scholarship affluence plays in the amount of litter found in neighborhoods Leadership Service or streets. To help with your research, consider using Keep Fellowship America Beautiful’s Litter Index Tool, www.kabtoolbox.org, a credible and simple tool that allows quick and reliable visual assessment of the types of litter present in a community. Then * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development organize a community cleanup event in a neighborhood plagued Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at by litter. Be sure to include residents in the cleanup efforts. www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/ 9

Issue 2: Fine Arts hOw DO The FiNe aRTS ShaPe aND ReFLeCT The PaRaDOx OF aFFLUeNCe? study questions Honors in action . How do the fine arts reflect the paradox of affluence? Invite a representative from your local symphony, opera, theater, Scholarship or ballet to discuss the concept of patronage and the role it has 2. How have civilizations defined “fine” arts? Leadership 3. Why is there a difference in support for sports teams and fine arts Service played and still plays in the arts. To what extent do artistic directors Fellowship and leaders in the arts also have to be fundraisers? How do these organizations? leaders influence, persuade, and inspire others in order to fundraise? 4. To what extent are the fine arts a luxury good? What specific leadership skills and talents are required? How did 5. How has patronage, or the lack of it, affected the creation and the leaders in the arts develop these skills? What conclusions do preservation of the fine arts? How has patronage changed you draw about the relative affluence of your community’s arts organizations? Develop a plan to adopt one of your local arts groups over time? as a chapter service project. Find out what would best serve the 6. What did affluence have to do with the development and recognition group: leadership development workshops, fund raising and friend of the Seven Wonders of the World? raising assistance, marketing, or event management. Reflect on the . Investigate the relationship between affluence and the production experience and the leadership lessons individuals and the group of fine art. Is there a positive correlation or an inverse relationship? learned as you examined the paradox of affluence by serving the arts. What are the reasons for the relationship? Organize a viewing of Alejandro González Iñárritu’s Babel (2006) on 8. In periods of relative affluence, why is so much art not fine? Scholarship campus, and host a discussion with faculty and students about the Leadership 9. To what extent is it a paradox that we cut funding for the fine arts in many examples of the global paradox of affluence in the film. Fellowship public schools? 0. To what extent has affluence politicized fine arts funding? Research the types of materials recycled by your community. Scholarship Sponsor an art contest that uses only recycled material. Invite youth . Should fine arts be privately or publicly owned? Leadership from a local elementary or middle school to exhibit their work and Service 2. To what extent can there be fine arts without affluence? Fellowship compete for prizes. 3. Who owns the fine arts — the nations and people who originally owned them or the people who discover or acquire them? Conduct an Internet search for contemporary award-winning Scholarship poets and short story authors who use the paradox of affluence Leadership as a theme in their writings. Select material from their works and Fellowship develop them into a Reader’s Theater production. Perform your work for your college and community. Fine arts: Art produced or intended primarily for beauty and appreciation rather than utility. Categories include the Visual Arts Research the ancient Seven Wonders of the World, the natural (painting, sculpture, photography, design, architecture), Performing Scholarship wonders of the world, and the New 7 Wonders Foundation’s selection Leadership Arts (music, theater, choreography, and dance), and Literary Arts for contemporary wonders of the world. Create a display or website Fellowship (poetry and literature). to share your research comparing and contrasting the ancient, contemporary, and natural wonders with an emphasis of the role affluence played in the creation of each wonder. To what extent do these wonders reflect the affluence of their civilizations? In what ways do they reflect the affluence and aspirations of their civilizations’ leaders? 0

Scholarship Read and discuss a novel such as John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath* or another featured book in the National Endowment for the Arts “Big BiBliograpHy Leadership Service Read” program that addresses issues relevant to the paradox of affluence Fellowship (www.neabigread.org). Explore the role of the fine arts in promoting consciousness of the paradox of affluence and advocating for social change. Boon, Richard and Jane Plastow, eds. Theatre and Empowerment: Organize a campus or community “Big Read” on a book involving an issue Community Drama on the World Stage. 2004. relevant to the community and the paradox of affluence. Facilitate the Boon and Plastow explore the connection of theater to social change development of a community action team for a project suggested at the and the cultural affluence of communities. conclusion of the “Big Read.” Chamberlain, Richard, Geoffrey Rayner, and Annamarie Stapleton, Make a historical examination of the role of fine arts in advocating for social eds. Austerity to Affluence: British Art & Design 1945-1962. 1998. Scholarship change. Such an examination could begin with Sophocles’ Antigone*. This work is a series of essays about the evolution of British art and Leadership Identify additional works in different historical ages that advocate for civil design in an increasingly affluent society. Chapters cover furniture, Fellowship disobedience or issues of social justice. Make a timeline that highlights textiles, graphic design, haute couture, painting, sculpture, and other authors and literary works and the social changes of their eras, and arrange areas of design. to present it for World Literature and World History students. Chevalier, Tracy. Girl With a Pearl Earring. 1999. Develop a project to raise awareness among children of the value of fine This novel juxtaposes a young girl living up to the expectations of Jan Scholarship arts. Gather children for “story time” to hear and see Leo Lionni’s Frederick Vermeer, Dutch Master Painter, only to be overcome and exiled from his Leadership and then help the children make their own art that will help others through affluent artistic life and denied the promise of her own potential. Service Fellowship a hard or dreary time or raise awareness about an issue important to them. They might want to draw, write a poem or story, sing a favorite or new song. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. 1925. Organize a recital for the community. This is a classic, elegantly written novel on the promise of affluence in America and its effect on a young man whose complete belief in it Research and develop biographies of the great patrons of the arts over paradoxically defies its loss to him. Scholarship the past 5,000 years. To what extent did affluence determine the depth Leadership Hemingway, Ernest. The Sun Also Rises. 1926. and breadth of their work? What qualities beyond affluence made them Fellowship particularly effective leaders of the arts in their societies? Share your findings Hemingway creates a young man, who, as one of a group of affluent during “Honors Hours” with your chapter. Invite other chapters to participate Americans in Spain, lives a glamorous but unfulfilled life, and struggles doing research on the great arts patrons in their towns or their civilizations. to find a truthful significant life for himself. Compare and contrast your findings during your “Honors Hours” and by developing a blog in which members from all chapters can participate and Munro, Alice. Hateship, Friendship, Courtship, Loveship, Marriage: Stories. learn more about the world’s great patrons of and leaders in the arts. 2001. Munro is generally hailed as one of the best contemporary short story Using Keep America Beautiful’s Graffiti Hurts resources at writers. Works from this collection have been produced as a film entitled Scholarship www.graffitihurts.org, teach local high school students about the Away From Her. Leadership Service negative consequences of graffiti. Research the difference between graffiti Fellowship and art and discuss those differences with the students. Proulx, Annie. Close Range: Wyoming Stories. 1999. If the wide-open ranges of Wyoming reflect the freedom of nature, Organize a tour of a local art museum for chapter members and local these stories reflect the sober realities of many of its inhabitants. This Scholarship National Honor Society members. Work with museum docents to develop a collection includes “Brokeback Mountain.” Leadership Service tour that explores the paradox of affluence in the works of art showcased at Fellowship the museum. Discuss your findings over a group lunch or dinner. Work with museum docents to research and develop a tour based on the affluence theme for younger students, and arrange to host a tour for the students at the museum. Research the budgets for athletics and the fine arts at your college and local Scholarship high schools. Interview members of your Board of Directors and local School Leadership Board members, as well as college administrators, to determine their priorities Fellowship and funding constraints. Compare your findings to the programs delivered by the schools. What leadership lessons can you learn about your community and schools from your research? Invite the people you interviewed to a Leadership Dialogue with your chapter, about making difficult funding choices and how those choices relate to the paradox of affluence. Research and develop biographies of artists, composers, and performers who Scholarship did commissioned work. Did their talent or their affluence determine their Leadership Service commissions? How was their non-commissioned art different or similar to Fellowship their commissioned art? How much fine art is commissioned? Create poster presentations of these artists and their works to share your findings with local * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development elementary school students who have no arts program on their campus. Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/

Issue 3: Health wHat is tHe relationsHip Between aFFluence and HealtH? study questions Honors in action 1. What are the diseases of affluence? What diseases has affluence Invite members of the local health care community to Scholarship your college to discuss the diseases of affluence. What has eliminated? Leadership led to problems of health associated with affluence? What 2. How has technology helped extend life and/or improve quality Service Fellowship are the challenges and lifestyle choices needed to avoid of life? these problems? What are the environmental contributors 3. What effects has affluence had on health care access and delivery? to these diseases? What are some of the personal and 4. In what ways does affluence affect our definition of health? societal consequences of not addressing these issues? Use 5. What impact does affluence have on the priorities for public health this information and your continued research to prepare a PowerPoint presentation to share with other groups at your resource allocations? college, with local schools, and community groups. Post the 6. What influence has affluence had on the health of indigenous slide presentation on your chapter’s website for future access. peoples? . How do the indicators of health correlate with affluence? Research the ways in which affluent lifestyles contribute to Scholarship a specific disease such as cancer and develop an awareness 8. To what extent is it a paradox that affluent nations do not provide Leadership campaign for the campus or community. The American health care universally? Service Fellowship Cancer Society provides resources for education and awareness 9. What is the impact of immigration on health care systems of campaigns as well as guidance and resources for the chapter affluent societies? to contribute to organizing and leading a team event to 0. In what ways does affluence affect a person’s ability to eat a fight cancer such as Relay For Life at www.cancer.org. healthy diet? Invite a biomedical ethicist to discuss the challenges of . To what degree does the emigration of physicians and other health Scholarship cutting-edge medicine in improving the quality of life. Open Leadership care workers from nations impact health care systems? Fellowship the discussion to your campus and local community. Should technologies such as stem cell research, cloning, and organ sales be available only to the affluent? What lessons about articulating a vision and managing conflict can you learn from researching this issue? Invite a leader of the local religious community and someone who teaches the philosophy of ethics to discuss the ethical and moral challenges these technologies and research in these areas present to individuals, communities, and nations. 2

Scholarship Research cigarette litter and its toxic effects on the environment and ecosystems. Conduct an educational campaign based on your BiBliograpHy Leadership Service findings. Keep America Beautiful’s Cigarette Litter Prevention Fellowship Program provides a step-by-step method for reducing cigarette litter. Learn more at www.preventcigarettelitter.org. Then organize Goodman, John, Gerald Musgrave, and Devon Herrick. Lives at Risk: a cigarette litter cleanup event on your campus or in your community. Single-Payer National Health Insurance Around the World. 2004. Consider displaying the cigarette litter and sponsoring a contest The authors, favoring market-based solutions, address the problem of for students and faculty to guess the number of cigarette paying for American health care. They address the myths about the butts collected for a prize. single-payer national health care systems of Canada, Australia and the U.K., investigate the politics and economics of health care systems, and Research historical events related to the paradox of affluence and propose ways to develop a better system in the United States. Scholarship health issues, such as the Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the Leadership Tuskegee Syphilis Study*. What was the impact on health of these Harrison, Mark. Disease and the Modern World: 1500 to the Present Day. Fellowship historical events, and for whom? What are the ethical issues involved? 2004. How were the ethical issues resolved? Is regulation always effective? Harrison traces the history of disease from the rise of nation-states, Who were the leaders responsible for the events and what can illustrates the relationship between population growth, commerce, we learn from their leadership? Are there legislative acts that have and political expansion and the impact of epidemic infectious diseases been proposed or disease/drug studies underway for which raising during the past five centuries. He also examines the ways in which public awareness would make a positive impact? Choose one and disease treatment and prevention have changed from the Renaissance develop and implement a plan to educate and raise awareness. through the present era of scientific medicine. As a chapter, look at health care systems in a variety of nations, both O’Neil, Edward, Jr. Awakening Hippocrates: A Primer on Health, Poverty, Scholarship developed and emerging. How does the relative affluence of those And Global Service. 2006. Leadership nations affect their notions of health and their health care systems? O’Neil explores the disparities of health care around the globe and Fellowship What are some potential implications for universal health care argues that health care professionals are the crucial elements in finding a in the United States you can draw from these studies? Using the solution to the international paradox of affluence as it relates to health. He results from your research, develop and implement a plan of action encourages people to become servant leaders in international health care. to lobby local, state, national, and global leaders on the issue of access to health care. Pollan, Michael. The Omnivore’s Dilemma: A Natural History of Four Meals. 2006. Invite an anthropologist and/or a health care professional who Pollan presents a definitive account of the American way of eating Scholarship works with immigrant populations to discuss traditional definitions by asking the question, “What should we have for dinner?” and Leadership then explores our consumption of processed food, organic food, of health. What are some of the effects of the traditional American Fellowship lifestyle on the nutrition and physical activity of these groups? What alternative food, and food we forage ourselves. He also explores the access to health care do these groups enjoy? What new ethical co-evolutionary relationship between humans and the animal and plant and moral concerns must health care professionals deal with in species we depend on for food. working with these immigrant groups? Share your research with science and social studies students at a local middle school. Seale, Clive. Media and Health. 2002. Seale explores how health messages reported in the popular mass Explore the green spaces for walking and outdoor activity on your media are important influences in our lives, exposes media bias about Scholarship campus and/or in your community. Meet with your college health issues, and demonstrates the importance of media in our Leadership understanding of health and health care. administration or city officials to encourage the development of that Service Fellowship and additional green space. Offer to restore a vacant lot and create a community garden for neighborhood residents. Weil, Andrew. Health and Healing: The Philosophy of Integrative Medicine and Optimum Health. 2004. As a chapter, read Dr. Sanjay Gupta’s book, Chasing Life: New Discoveries Dr. Weil, a pioneer in integrative medicine, addresses the range of Scholarship in the Search for Immortality to Help You Age Less Today (2006). Discuss the alternative healing practices, including homeopathy, holistic medicine, Leadership osteopathy, chiropractic and Chinese medicine, presenting how they choices, challenges, and consequences of lifestyle choices on life Fellowship extension. What changes can you make for you and your family to avoid differ from conventional allopathic approaches. the health problems associated with an affluent lifestyle? Develop and implement a personal plan to “chase life” over the course of the next year. Research health care in a global community similar in size to your Scholarship community. What do citizens of your chosen community get in terms Leadership Fellowship of care? How does their care and access to that care compare when you consider the relative affluence of your communities? What characteristics of your communities affect day-to-day good health? To what extent do leaders in both your communities promote healthy lifestyles in terms of policy as well as community choices? Share your findings with fellow members by building a website that highlights your research. * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/ 3

Issue 4: Economic Policy whaT ROLe DOeS eCONOmiC POLiCy PLay iN The PaRaDOx OF aFFLUeNCe? study questions Honors in action . To what extent is it a paradox that the most affluent nations in the Invite Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian leaders and Scholarship candidates to speak on campus about their economic policies world do not produce anything from scratch and trade for much of Leadership what they have? Service and visions for the future of the nation. Ask them to discuss issues Fellowship related to the environment. Compare the official party platforms 2. What is the relationship between affluence and embargoes? with the leaders’ answers. What can you learn about the paradox 3. To what extent does a pro-business economic policy have an impact of affluence and about leading with conviction from your on the affluence of the average citizen? research? Develop a plan to educate voters about issues related to 4. Compare the economic policies and prosperity of emerging markets Operation Green. since the 1970s. (examples: China, Ireland, India) Research the per capita GDPs (Gross Domestic Product) of Japan 5. To what extent do affluent people support the economic policies Scholarship and Argentina and/or the United States and Great Britain circa of the Republican, Democratic, and Libertarian parties? What is the Leadership 1900-2007. Examine attitudes, culture, leadership, and trade Fellowship difference between the stated economic policies and the practice of policies for each nation. How did the GDP for each nation change these policies for each of these parties? over that time period? How can you explain the difference in growth rates? Organize and host a college and community forum 6. How does immigration shape and reflect people’s perceptions for which professors of economics and political science discuss of affluence? how affluence is reflected in each of these cultures. . How has the changing economic policy of China affected the affluence of the average Chinese person? How does China’s Research how much money is spent on litter cleanup in your city, Scholarship county, and state. Get the word out about how much litter costs increased affluence affect the rest of the world? Leadership – money spent on litter cleanup is money not available for other 8. What has done more to create affluence: Wal-Mart or the War Service Fellowship priorities such as education, roadways, public safety, etc. Volunteer on Poverty? to help with litter prevention and cleanup efforts. 9. To what extent is American affluence dependent upon borrowing funds from other nations? Host members of your college community for an Honors Satellite Scholarship Seminar on the paradox of affluence as it relates to economic 0. What are the by-products of America’s investment in global Leadership Fellowship policy. Invite chapter members to work in teams with faculty affluence? members to facilitate a series of discussions following the seminar . To what extent has micro-lending revolutionized the development of broadcast. affluence in developing nations? To what degree does this highlight the challenges faced by developed nations and the World Bank? Using Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle* as a 20th century example Scholarship describing the reasons workers sought to collectively bargain, 2. How will affluent nations with aging populations and low birth rates Leadership but failed, and the leadership of César Chávez* to organize sustain entitlements? migrant farm workers in California as a 20th century successful 3. To what extent does a provision for collective bargaining example, explore the importance of leadership for improving affect affluence? work conditions for the less affluent. Compare this earlier labor leadership with present-day union leadership. 4

Scholarship Examine the policy debates concerning outsourcing and/or immigration. What are the economic concerns of the parties in BiBliograpHy Leadership Fellowship the debate(s)? Is the affluence of employers or the affluence of employees driving the debate(s)? Make and promote a presentation on immigration policy options and invite a politician, an economist, Brooks, Arthur. Who Really Cares: The Surprising Truth About and a historian to form a panel to field questions from the community Compassionate Conservatism — America’s Charity Divide — Who Gives, about the options. Who Doesn’t, and Why it Matters. 2007. Brooks examines the myths about charitable giving in the United States Research the Easterlin Paradox. Invite a psychology professor to a and the forces behind that giving. He argues charitable giving is crucial for Scholarship chapter meeting to explain the paradox using the adaptation-set point a sustained affluent society. Leadership hypothesis, the aspiration adjustment hypothesis, and the absolute Fellowship effect hypothesis. How does your research reflect each of these Harford, Tim. The Undercover Economist: Exposing Why the Rich are Rich, hypotheses? Share your work in an article for your college’s newspaper. Why the Poor are Poor— and Why You Can Never Buy a Decent Used Car! 2005. Research the effects on health of pollution that results from rising Harford investigates the connection between free market theory and Scholarship affluence. How have the interests of economic growth, public health, free market forces to demystify such contemporary forces as Starbucks’ Leadership pricing system, high rents in London, Microsoft’s stock values, and Chinese and environmental concerns collided in areas with harmful pollution? Service Fellowship Did the affluence of a community affect the outcome? Did the leaders sweatshops. seeking to improve public health and accountability for the pollution come from “inside the system” or outside of it? Is there a polluted Harvey, David. Spaces of Global Capitalism: A Theory of Uneven area in your community that is known to have health repercussions, Geographical Development. 2006. or might be impacting the health of the people living there? Contact Harvey looks at policies of the 1980s and 1990s and the turn towards individuals or groups whom the chapter could work with to alleviate neo-liberalism that together have led to current economic problems and the effects of the pollution on the public’s health. opportunities in China, Latin America, and elsewhere. Harvey argues the main paradox of neo-liberalism is it does not result in fairly-distributed Research the impact of economic policy on the elderly or disabled economic growth. Harvey also discusses and debunks the notion that Scholarship in your community. Based on your research, locate a community “backwards” countries need to “catch up,” and how policies based on this Leadership member who needs assistance. Volunteer to help paint, fix-up, or notion have done more harm than good in aiding development. Service Fellowship green-up an elderly or disabled person’s home. Landsburg, Steven E. The Armchair Economist: Economics & Everyday Life. Host a reading and campus dialogue about The New Americans by 1995, and More Sex is Safer Sex: The Unconventional Wisdom of Economics. Scholarship Ruben Martinez and Joseph Rodriguez. Afterwards, interview your 2007. Leadership Landsburg looks at everyday economic behavior to explain such things family members about their ethnic and economic backgrounds. Fellowship Compare and contrast your findings to those discussed in The New as executive salaries, ticket prices for rock concerts, movie popcorn prices, Americans. Chart your family’s economic position and compare it to the racial profiling, looting at Baghdad’s museums, and safe sex. hypothetical model that Martinez and Rodriguez use to suggest where different ethnic groups should fall. Do you notice any paradoxes of Levitt, Steven and Stephen J. Dubner. Freakonomics: A Rogue Economist affluence in your findings? Come back together as a chapter to discuss Explores the Hidden Side of Everything. 2007 revised and expanded your findings. edition. Levitt and Dubner explore the mysteries of everyday life to show they are Organize a National Issues Forum (www.nifi.org/) and formal debate not so mysterious after all. They investigate the hidden side of everything, Scholarship around the issues raised in Keith Melville’s Pocketbook Pressures: Who including such disparate issues as violent crime, incentives, perfect Leadership parenting, naming practices, abortion, and drug-related gangs. Benefits from Economic Growth? (1995). Determine the effects of Wal- Fellowship Mart and other chain stores and restaurants on the affluence of your town and the global community, and share your results by hosting a Lindsey, Brink. The Age of Abundance: How Prosperity Transformed brown bag luncheon dialogue. America’s Politics and Culture. 2007. Lindsey investigates pessimism in contemporary culture despite the Go to a local middle or elementary school social studies class. Work relative affluence of the average American. He looks at consumerism in Scholarship with teachers at the school to organize a mock investment simulation the United States and at Americans’ affluence when compared to the Leadership global community. with students. Give each student an amount of play money to invest Fellowship for a semester. Using www.howthemarketworks.com, help students develop their stock portfolios and chart their successes and McCraw, Thomas K. Prophet of Innovation: Joseph Schumpeter and failures. Present the student who, at the end of the semester, has the Creative Destruction. 2007. most money and strongest explanation for how he/she invested the McCraw paints a picture of Schumpeter, the man John Kenneth money, a certificate of merit from your Phi Theta Kappa chapter. Galbraith called “the most sophisticated conservative” of the 20th century. Schumpeter represents both the innovative ideas that lead to affluence and the qualities of a charismatic leader. * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/ 5

Issue 5: Rise and Fall of Civilizations and Empires whaT ROLe haS aFFLUeNCe PLayeD iN The RiSe aND FaLL OF CiViLizaTiONS aND emPiReS? study questions Honors in action . To what extent is there a connection between affluence and the Examine the middle classes of ancient Roman, Maya, Inca, and Scholarship Egyptian civilizations. What role did each play in sustaining their rise/decline of civilizations and empires (e.g., Rome, China, India, Leadership Ottoman Empire, Iroquois Federation, Egypt, Russia, Union of Soviet cultures? Discuss in what ways the middle class roles in each Fellowship society were positive or negative in terms of sustaining civilization. Socialist Republics, etc.)? 2. What lessons do the collapse of formerly affluent civilizations and Investigate each culture’s preservation of its environment and Scholarship compare it with your community’s work. Invite history and empires (i.e., Rome, Mayan Empire) have for modern societies? Leadership 3. To what extent did the desire for affluence influence expansionism anthropology faculty to work with you, and together share your Service Fellowship findings during a presentation you organize and promote on in some civilizations, but not in others? campus. From your research and presentation, develop a hands-on 4. To what extent does affluence of the middle class sustain a culture? lesson for a local elementary school, particularly focusing on the 5. How does the absence of affluence contribute to the instability of environment. civilizations and empires (e.g., Soviet Union)? 6. How did the United States Civil War, the abolition of slavery, and Reference Jackson J. Spielvogel’s list of criteria for civilization. How Scholarship did each of these components of civilization affect the affluence of the decline in profits from the sale of cotton affect the long-term Leadership the ancient Persian Empire? Select another civilization to compare affluence of the South? How did the end of Apartheid affect the Fellowship to Persia’s empire. What are the similarities and differences? Do affluence of South Africa? Spielvogel’s criteria fit both of these civilizations? Imagine the . To what extent was the decline of the British Empire a result of their implications for the leaders of these two civilizations if they had known Spielvogel’s criteria. Are there things they might have done misuse of affluence? Why are their former colonies more successful to address gaps or deficiencies in meeting the criteria that might today than those of the French and Portuguese? have made a difference in the longevity of these civilizations? How 8. To what extent can one have affluence without being part of might they have accomplished these things? Encourage other “civilization”? chapters in the region to do this project with other civilizations and 9. To what extent does war contribute to an increase or decrease in the build a website for all the chapters to post their work on civilizations. affluence of a society? Research which of the great ancient empires the United States 0. How does virtue affect affluence in civilizations? Scholarship most closely resembles today in terms of its affluence and the Leadership . How does perceived virtue affect affluence in civilizations? (e.g., paradoxes of affluence present. What parallels do you find? How Fellowship Ancient Greeks’ view that they were the most reverent, Europeans’ did the leadership in the ancient empire encourage development view that they were virtuous in fulfilling the “White Man’s Burden,” and address the paradoxes of affluence? Compare and contrast the leadership in the United States and current policies or Nez Perce view that they were the truest guardians of the land) proposals related to the development of affluence and addressing the paradoxes of affluence. Invite an economics professor, a political science professor, and a history professor to discuss with the chapter your comparisons and contrasts. Share your research findings with the college community with poster presentations displayed in the library. 6

Scholarship Develop a website about ancient Afghanistan and Afghanistan today, evaluating the civilization using the criteria posited BiBliograpHy Leadership by Jackson J. Spielvogel. What characteristics has the nation Fellowship maintained since the development of the ancient civilization of Afghanistan? How has the style of leadership changed over time? Baker, Simon. Ancient Rome: The Rise and Fall of an Empire. 2007. What are the most changed characteristics? How have wars over Baker presents the major events that shaped the rise and fall of time affected the environment in Afghanistan? Share your research the greatest empire of the ancient world: the conquest of the with a local National Honor Society chapter. Mediterranean, the collapse of the republic, the creation of the empire, repression of any threat to the empire and an internal civil war. Baker Research the economic characteristics of Iraq and the United States uses the individual leaders and other players involved to make the Scholarship in 2003 using the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, and history accessible and personal. Leadership Fellowship Central Intelligence Agency websites. To what extent have those characteristics, particularly as they relate to affluence, changed for Cantor, Norman F. Antiquity: From the Birth of Sumerian Civilization both nations since 2003? Share your findings by organizing a Town to the Fall of the Roman Empire. 2004. Hall Meeting on the issues related to the past, present, and possible Cantor explores the social and cultural history of a range of empires future affluence of Iraq and the United States. and cultures, including those of the Sumerians, classical Greeks, Hebrews, and Romans, including the founding of Christianity within Compare and contrast the affluence of South Africa before, this civilization. By combining a look at the political, social, cultural, and Scholarship during, and after Apartheid. What changes do you note as a result economic forces of the history of each society, the author discusses Leadership common themes in each and the impact they have left for us today. of the development and elimination of Apartheid? How did the Fellowship leadership of South Africa change as a result of living with or without Apartheid? What lessons can we learn from South Africa’s Ferguson, Niall. Empire: The Rise and Demise of the British World Order example? Share your findings by writing an article for your campus and the Lessons for Global Power. 2003. or community newspaper. Ferguson argues that the British Empire provided law and order (albeit with military might) in the colonies it ruled, but that it took years to do Research areas of the world that have achieved affluence, but do so. He interprets the British presence in the commonwealth as having Scholarship not have all the characteristics of a “civilization.” How do these brought modernity, democracy, and capitalism. The lessons he offers Leadership are that nations with a global reach, such as the United States, need to areas define affluence? To what extent does it matter in these Fellowship cultures? Why and how have these areas achieved affluence? acknowledge that they are committed to providing the leadership and What leadership lessons can we learn from studying these resources necessary to establish law and order, and that fifty years was cultures? Share your findings during a series of chapter meeting not long enough for the British to “civilize” Iraq. presentations about the paradox of affluence. Grant, Michael. The Founders of the Western World: A History of Examine the influence of affluence in rebellions and the rise and Greece and Rome. 1991. Scholarship fall of civilizations and empires. Do people such as the Founding Grant studies the impact of the two peoples who have had the Leadership Fathers of the United States, Gandhi*, Elizabeth Cady Stanton* greatest impact on the West: Greece and Rome. He does so by Fellowship and Susan B. Anthony*, Nelson Mandela*, and Aung San Suu presenting the development of Greece and its relationship with Kyi* share common characteristics, philosophies, and/or tactics Persia, the impact of Alexander, and the development of Hellenistic that are a result of their levels of affluence? Create “Leadership Greece. Because his reach includes the political, military, cultural, social, Timelines” for these or other “rebels” seeking to develop a changed economic and religious life of the time, the reader is provided with civilization, establish an empire, or fell an empire. These timelines a rich context with which to understand how these cultures helped should illustrate the development and philosophies and tactics of shape the Western world. the movement’s leaders. Share the timelines with other student leaders on campus. James, Lawrence. The Rise and Fall of the British Empire. 1997. A survey of the entire history of the British Empire, this book emphasizes the role of key individuals involved in the various phases of its existence: creation, maintenance, and dismantlement. Kennedy, Paul. The Rise and Fall of the Great Powers. 1989. Kennedy examines several examples of empires that have spent too much of their resources on their military and/or maintaining their empire. Kennedy also looks at the possible consequences of the Cold War for the Soviet Union and the United States and sets a context in which to examine the relationship between the internal forces of the empires studied in this book and the international climate at the time. * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/

Issue 6: Political and Civil Liberties hOw DOeS aFFLUeNCe aFFeCT POLiTiCaL aND CiViL LibeRTieS? study questions Honors in action . To what extent is religious pluralism a prerequisite for affluence? Research an environmental issue related to the paradox of Scholarship 2. Is political liberty necessary for affluence? Is affluence necessary for affluence. Conduct a public awareness campaign on an Leadership Service environmental issue of concern to your community, such as political liberty? How has this changed over time? Does your answer alternative energy sources, graffiti, or recycling. Fellowship change if you consider other civilizations? 3. To what extent has America’s affluence contributed to the rise of Document the top ten lobbyists in Washington for the years 2006 Scholarship and 2007. Whom did they represent? To what extent were they lobbyists? Leadership influential and successful in their endeavors? What leadership 4. How has the affluence of nations affected their political organizations Fellowship lessons can you learn from their work and from those candidates and the ways those organizations function? they supported? What was their impact on the political and civil 5. In what ways is affluence a necessary ingredient in post-USSR Russia liberties of the average American? To what extent did affluence and its former republics? guide the lobbyists’ actions? Develop poster presentations of your 6. What factors contribute to sustained affluence in a society? research for display in your Student Union and library and publicize the exhibit to your college and community. . To what extent does the distribution of wealth have to be relatively equal to sustain socialism in Latin American nations? To what extent Examine the impact of wealth distribution, crime, and civil liberties Scholarship is this true for other political and economic ideologies? in Venezuela both before and after Hugo Chavez took office. What Leadership 8. Is affluence necessary for a candidate to be elected to political office Fellowship factors influenced the growth of socialism in the country? Which of these factors has been the most significant factor? Share your in the United States? research with your college and community by hosting an issues 9. In what ways does corporate affluence supersede political affluence? forum and dialogue on campus. 0. To what extent do we trade civil liberties for affluence? . To what extent is terrorism funded by the affluent? Research and prepare a PowerPoint presentation about a terrorist/ Scholarship freedom fighting organization such as al-Qaeda, Hezbollah, 2. Have political liberties preceded or succeeded affluence for Leadership Hamas, African National Congress or the Ku Klux Klan. What are disenfranchised groups (e.g., non-propertied white males in the Fellowship the organization’s goals in terms of political and civil liberties? European Middle Ages, Black Americans in the early 20th century, What is its purpose? Who are its leaders, and how effectively do American women prior to 1920, South Africans under Apartheid)? they articulate their vision? How does it recruit its members? What tactics does the organization use to secure and/or subvert political and civil liberties? Work with a political science professor on your project and an active learning exercise to accompany it, and share your presentation and exercise with a political science class to promote further exploration of the paradox of affluence. 8

Scholarship Organize and host a panel discussion on the United States’ Bill of Rights. To what extent have our rights changed in the years since the BiBliograpHy Leadership Bill of Rights was ratified? To what extent are Americans willing to Fellowship forego liberties, even though doing so may diminish their affluent lifestyles? What leadership lessons can you learn from examining the Barber, Benjamin. Jihad Vs. McWorld: How Globalism and Tribalism are history of the Bill of Rights and these issues related to that history? Reshaping the World. 1996. Develop a presentation on the Bill of Rights from your research to Barber argues global capitalism works against the concept of citizenship, present to a local elementary school class. and that self-determination, one of the principles of democracy, unchecked, can become tribalism. Barber’s solution is the development of Research non-violent movements and civil disobedience leaders civic spaces where people can practice true citizenship. Scholarship through history. Do the movements require the same levels of Leadership funding as armed rebellion? What political and civil liberties did they Fleming, Maria, ed. A Place at the Table: Struggles for Equality in America. Fellowship seek? What accounts for their successes or failures? Who are the 2000. leaders and what characterized their leadership? Prepare a workshop This is the story of the work to secure political and civil rights for those or presentation for middle school students studying world history. who are disenfranchised in the United States. Do a trend analysis that spans several global presidential campaigns. Freedom House. Freedom in the World 2007: The Annual Survey of Scholarship Which candidates received the most contributions? What percentage Political Rights and Civil Liberties. 2007. Leadership Freedom House’s annual survey has been published since 1972. This book of those contributions was from individuals? What percentage was Fellowship from corporations? Was there a correlation between funds collected compares global political and civil liberties in the contemporary world. and winning the election? For campaigns in the United States, what Similar books are available for years prior to 2007. has been the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court striking down the McCain Campaign Reform limitations? Share your findings with fellow Gurstein, Penny and Leonora Angeles, eds. Learning Civil Societies: students at forums where you can also register people to vote. Shifting Contexts for Democratic Planning and Governance. 2007. This work is a series of essays about the choices, challenges, and Investigate the changes that have occurred in post-Soviet Russia in consequences of planning a civil society. The authors argue planning for Scholarship terms of affluence and civil liberties. To what extent does a relationship a civil society is particularly crucial as world population grows in the 21st Leadership century. exist between political changes and changes in affluence and civil Fellowship liberties? Present your conclusions in a presentation to fellow Phi Theta Kappa members in a chapter meeting, district, or regional event. Nakaya, Andrea C., ed. Examining Issues Through Political Cartoons — Civil Liberties and War. 2005. Nakaya highlights sixteen political cartoons about the suspension of civil liberties during wartime in the United States. The book contains commentary about each cartoon from both the editor and each cartoonist. Nutley, Sandra M., Isabel Walter, and Huw T. O. Davies. Using Evidence: How Research Can Inform Public Services. 2007. This is a text that introduces research techniques and explains how to use evidence to become more effective in civic engagement pursuits. Schoen, Douglas E. The Power of the Vote: Electing Presidents, Overthrowing Dictators, and Promoting Democracy Around the World. 2007. This is Schoen’s memoir of his work as a campaign consultant for more than thirty years and the leadership lessons he has learned on his journey. 9

Issue 7: Geography whaT iS The ReLaTiONShiP beTweeN GeOGRaPhy aND aFFLUeNCe? study questions Honors in action . To what extent have more temperate climates promoted or Investigate and locate a geographic area in need of a resource Scholarship (i.e. school supplies, eye glasses, food). Develop a letter produced affluence? Leadership documenting specific information about the need, and solicit 2. In what ways does a nation’s lack of affluence catalyze geographic Service patterns of immigration of its citizens to other countries? To what Fellowship donations in your community and Phi Theta Kappa region. Collect and send or deliver what you collect, and share your extent has this been true historically? reflections on what you learned about affluence, resources, 3. Why has the development of affluence evolved differently on and servant leadership in the process with fellow Phi Theta different continents? Kappa members by submitting an article for a Phi Theta Kappa publication. 4. How do you explain resource-rich nations that are not wealthy while countries that lack resources can be wealthy? Plot affluent nations against annual temperatures and examine 5. To what extent do technology and intellectual capital outweigh Scholarship the correlation. Plot those same nations against the abundance Leadership geography and natural resources to produce affluence in the 21st of their natural resources and examine the correlation. Analyze Fellowship century? your data, draw conclusions, and publish your results on your chapter, college, or regional website. 6. How and why does ethnic diversity in a culture affect affluence? . To what extent are the world’s natural resources able to sustain affluent societies? Conduct a study of your college’s cafeteria, Student Union, or Scholarship other commons area. To what extent does this area suffer from 8. To what extent do perceptions of the affluence of neighboring Leadership the “tragedy of the commons”? What factors contribute to the nations affect internal political, economic, and social choices? Service Fellowship tragedy of the commons? Identify those factors, meet with 9. What is the responsibility of affluent nations to developing and college administrators to discuss your findings, and develop a undeveloped nations? plan of action to distribute resources to minimize the negative 0. How does the “tragedy of the commons” affect affluence in societies? effects of the tragedy of the commons (e.g., napkins distributed behind the counter versus on a counter where people take more than they need). Share your results in a Phi Theta Kappa educational forum. Sponsor a “postcard contest” in your region by inviting chapters Scholarship to submit a “postcard photo” of a community landmark or Leadership geographical feature that is unique to their community. Ask Service Fellowship chapters to submit an explanation for each “postcard photo” that explains its connection to the paradox of affluence in their community. Host an exhibit of the cards and/or compile them for each chapter to view on a website your chapter has developed. 20

Scholarship Research an area of your community in need of a facelift. Ask the public works department or parks department in your community BiBliograpHy Leadership Service if your chapter can adopt a street, median, park or other area and Fellowship pledge to keep it clean for one year. Davis, Mike. Planet of Slums. 2006. Review existing surveys explaining why people immigrate to the Davis takes a global look at the impact of desperate policies in the world’s Scholarship United States. From your research, develop a survey to distribute largest urban centers, and how current and past policies have done little Leadership to alleviate problems of violence and ill health in these slums. He examines to English as a Second Language (ESL) students on your campus. Fellowship Compare the existing research to your findings and share them with issues of justice and access to services for the people who live in these areas the ESL classes. Join with the ESL students to write an article about and the role global politics and emigration play in keeping them poor. your research for your college newspaper. de Blij, Harm. Why Geography Matters: Three Challenges Facing America: Research both the patterns of immigration to and economic Climate Change, the Rise of China, and Global Terrorism. 2007. Scholarship opportunities available in developed nations. What does your de Blij argues that ignorance of geography is a potential threat to America, Leadership Americans, and to all other peoples in the world. Using the topics of global research show about the relationship between immigration and Fellowship rates of economic growth? Does limiting immigration help or hurt climate change, the rise of China as a major economic and political force, and a nation’s economy? Organize and lead a letter-writing campaign to the threat of Islamic extremism, de Blij presents the reader with an overview your Congressional representatives and senators using your research of the role geography plays in understanding these and other forces. and analysis to support changes in immigration policy. Fagan, Brian M. The Long Summer: How Climate Changed Civilization. 2004. Examine life expectancy in nations from each continent. What Anthropology professor Brian Fagan discusses the changes in the earth’s Scholarship factors contribute to longevity? What factors diminish a human’s climate over the last 15,000 years, and how this warming trend has affected Leadership the development of world cultures. He pays special attention to the past 150 chances to achieve longevity? How has this changed over time in the Service Fellowship nations you selected? Consider factors related to the local and global years, which have shown an acceleration in the warming trend. environments. Share your research with fellow Phi Theta Kappa members at a regional conference. Harris, Marvin. Cows, Pigs, Wars, and Witches: The Riddles of Culture. 1989. Anthropologist Harris takes a look at some of the more interesting cultural Create-a-Culture with a team of chapter members. Decide where traits (i.e., prohibitions on eating pork, sacred cows in India), and discusses Scholarship you would like to create your culture and the time in which you the roots of these beliefs and behaviors. He further examines the difficulties Leadership involved in trying to change the behaviors of cultures, and how these would place your culture. Write a creation myth, law code, language, Fellowship and biographies for everyone on your team who “lived” in the behaviors shape and are shaped by people. culture. Create a ritual (i.e., birth, marriage, death ritual), a work of art, and piece of music that represents your culture. Share the culture Hudson, Ray. Economic Geographies: Circuits, Flows, and Spaces. 2005. you’ve created and the reasons for your choices with your chapter. Hudson explores the various aspects of economic geography, including Work with elementary school students on a similar exercise designed modern theories of market forces, Marxism, and political economy. He also for them by your chapter. examines the process of production and supply, governance and political controls, and diverse effects of market on trade and economic development in various locales. Jackson, John Brinckerhoff. Discovering the Vernacular Landscape. 1986. Jackson discusses the factors that have worked to shape the rural, suburban, and urban landscapes of America in its various forms. He looks at how demographics, ethnicity, and affluence have helped shape the landscapes, and also how the landscape provides potential for affluence in its various forms. Kotkin, Joel. The City: A Global History. 2005. Kotkin analyzes the development of urban life over the millennia, and asks the fundamental question: What makes a city great? Tracing the city from its roots in Mesopotamia to the contemporary age, Kotkin examines the effects of demographics, technologies, and other trends that have built the urban landscape. He also considers the effects of terrorism and modern religious ideologies and their potential impact on the future of urbanization. 2

Issue 8: Education to wHat extent is tHere a relationsHip Between education and aFFluence? study questions Honors in action . How has education changed over time in response to affluence? Research one of the Honors Study Topic issues as it relates to the Scholarship environment. Offer to teach a lesson or conduct an activity about 2. How has affluence influenced education? Leadership the environment for a local youth group or environmental club. 3. To what extent is an elite education a path to affluence? Service Fellowship Keep America Beautiful has many lessons from which to choose at 4. To what extent does relative affluence impact the quality of a www.kab.org. community’s education system? 5. Does everyone need to go to college to be affluent? Why, or Research the budgets for schools in the developing world. Scholarship why not? Present your research on posters during a Better World Books Leadership Service book drive that your chapter leads for your college 6. To what degree does affluence foster tuition price discrimination Fellowship (www.betterworldbooks.com). by universities? . To what extent does affluence affect the need for affirmative action Invite a member from the humanities or liberal arts faculty at your Scholarship school and/or local four-year college to discuss the history and policy in education? Leadership hallmarks of a liberal education. What are some of the benefits 8. How and why should we address the challenges of equal access to Fellowship of a liberal education? What role does a liberal education play in quality education? an affluent society? Who among global leaders has had a liberal 9. To what extent does the relative affluence of educators affect the education? Why does Phi Beta Kappa choose to recognize only quality of education? How has this changed over time? students of the liberal arts and sciences? What are the challenges 0. What are the consequences of not supplying a quality education for and consequences of reducing the liberal arts as a part of the higher education curriculum? Prepare the findings for and submit the less affluent? an article to a higher education journal. . To what extent is a liberal education only affordable to the affluent? Conduct a tree-planting ceremony at a local school. Contact your Scholarship local nursery for help in selecting an appropriate tree for your area, Leadership or consider becoming a member of the Arbor Day Foundation Service Fellowship (www.arborday.org), which provides ten free trees to new members. Research and examine the top ten executives as reported by The Scholarship Wall Street Journal. What are their educational backgrounds? What Leadership sorts of leadership training did they receive, and what are the Fellowship qualities that make them stand out as exemplary business leaders? Determine whether there is a relationship between education, leadership development, and salary. Share your results in a leadership development forum for your college’s student leaders. 22

Scholarship Examine the life of someone self-educated such as Frederick Douglass*. Is there a relationship between the value placed on BiBliograpHy Leadership education and affluence? What did Douglass consider essential for Fellowship his education and how was it similar or different from traditional education at the time? How does the criticism and skepticism he Bailey, Thomas and Vanessa Smith Morest, eds. Defending the Community faced as an anti-slavery leader help illustrate the connection between College Equity Agenda. 2006. education and affluence? Bailey and Morest contend that with falling state budgets, growing enrollments, greater emphasis on outcome-based accountability, and Since 1990, scholars in a variety of disciplines have developed growing immigrant student populations, community colleges’ commitment Scholarship numerous courses for studying leadership as well as certificates, to accessible and affordable higher education could be in jeopardy. Using Leadership case studies of colleges in New York, Texas, Florida, California, Washington, minors, and majors in leadership studies. How is this development Fellowship connected to changing affluence? Research the historiography of and Illinois, the authors analyze how many challenges impact the leadership studies and the changing approaches to educating leaders community college mission of educational opportunity for low-income over time. Use the project to promote your college’s leadership students, students of color, and other underserved groups. development program or course, or to lobby for implementing a leadership development program or course at your college. Bloom, Allan. The Closing of the American Mind: How Higher Education Has Failed Democracy and Impoverished the Souls of Today’s Students. 1987. Conduct a campus-wide survey of the educational objectives of Bloom discusses concerns that Americans have become too narrow in Scholarship students. What conclusions do you draw about the extent to which their focus and worldview. As higher education moved toward increased Leadership specialization in the 20th century, Americans were ill-served. He believed affluence is important to your student body? To what extent do the Fellowship respondents’ educational goals match the degree to which affluence is every student should read the works of the great philosophers who asked significant to them? Share the results of your survey analysis by writing the question, “What is man?” in preparation for living philosophical lives. an article for your college newspaper, and prepare a proposal to your college administration to link the article to your college’s website. Garavuso, Vicki. “Everything Could Be Just as Equal: Working-class Teachers in Privileged Nursery Schools.” Equity & Excellence Invite a panel of business and community leaders to campus to discuss in Education. Volume 40, Issue 1; Jan.-March 2007: p 67-76. Scholarship their own educational backgrounds and leadership philosophies. To Garavuso examines the reported experiences of three working-class early Leadership childhood teachers of color in privileged nursery schools. She shares their what extent do these leaders agree education is important? To what Fellowship degree do they believe affluence is connected to education? perspectives on the role of the family to make education equal to all. Interview affluent retirees who have been leaders in your community, Gruwell, Erin. Teach With Your Heart: Lessons I Learned From the Freedom Scholarship and record those interviews to donate to your college’s library for use Writers. 2008. Leadership Gruwell updates her work with Long Beach, California, students and by faculty, student, and community researchers. Is there a connection Service Fellowship between the educations the retirees received and their affluence? discusses the lessons she learned about America’s educational system and Is there a connection between their leadership philosophies and about life while working with the Freedom Writers. education? Include at least one retiree who has been influential in preserving your local environment. Prepare a reflection journal on your Johnson, Heather Beth. The American Dream and the Power of Wealth: analysis of these collective interviews to place with the collection in Choosing Schools and Inheriting Inequality in the Land of Opportunity. your library. 2006. This book investigates the idea of equal opportunity and common As a regional project, research the budgets of the schools in your American ideologies and dispels the possibility of achieving the American Scholarship region to determine similarities and differences in their resources. How Dream for many children. Johnson includes research from in-depth Leadership much of the schools’ budgets is earmarked for creating green spaces interviews with families across the economic spectrum. She includes Service on campus? Share your findings at a regional educational forum and research about what people think about the American Dream in middle- Fellowship facilitate a discussion about the connection between school funding class and upper-class families. and affluence. Liu, Goodwin. “Education, Equality, and National Citizenship.” Yale Law Organize a presentation by your college president about the Journal. Volume 116, Issue 2; Nov. 2006: p 330-412. Scholarship comparative affluence of community colleges and four-year Liu explores constitutional issues regarding rights for equal citizenship Leadership institutions. How do different types of colleges receive funding? What and education and argues that, for disadvantaged children in substandard Fellowship restrictions does each have on its spending? What types of leadership schools, the recent success of educational adequacy lawsuits in state training are fundamental for presidents to understand the intricate courts is good. However, he suggests, the greatest inequality across the local, state, and national funding policies? From your research, prepare nation is not within states but between states. Despite the persistence of position papers for use by your college administrators when they visit this inequality and its disparate impact on poor and minority students, the with local and state representatives. problem draws little policy attention. * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/ 23

Issue 9: Individual, Family, and Community Life whaT imPaCT DOeS aFFLUeNCe haVe ON iNDiViDUaLS, FamiLieS, aND COmmUNiTy LiFe? study questions Honors in action . To what extent does affluence contribute to family and community Research children’s books that relate to the paradox of affluence Scholarship and families. Organize an Honors Study Topic reading hour at a cohesion? Leadership local elementary, preschool, or library for which chapter members 2. To what extent does affluence allow for a broad definition of Service Fellowship read the selected books that fit the age of the students in the family? reading group. Recommend the books related to the paradox of 3. What are the relationships between faith and affluence? Does affluence to the school librarian for inclusion in the permanent affluence render religion irrelevant? collection. 4. To what degree does your analysis of affluence change when you Organize a film series that focuses on the paradox of affluence measure it in terms of material goods versus money acquired? Scholarship as it relates to individuals, families, or communities. Invite faculty 5. What opportunities does affluence afford individuals, families, and Leadership Fellowship members to suggest their favorite films on the topic and have a communities to give to others? How has this changed over time? chapter member work with each faculty member to develop a 6. Does affluence make families and marriages more or less stable? program to introduce each film. Ask teams of faculty members . To what extent is the pressure to “keep up with the Joneses” more and chapter members to moderate discussions following the showing of the films. prevalent among the affluent? 8. How can creating and maintaining affluence move people toward Research recycling options in your community. Make a Scholarship commitment with your family to recycle and/or set up a or away from core/family values? Leadership 9. To what extent have affluence and the development of technology Service composting station at your home or in your community. led to isolation for individuals within communities? Fellowship 0. What undesirable qualities can affluence produce? Can affluence Invite the senior class from a local high school to participate in an breed selfishness? Can affluence breed laziness or complacency? Scholarship essay contest with a theme that ties the paradox of affluence to Leadership Can affluence breed guilt? Can affluence breed fear or envy? your local community. Organize a panel of faculty and students Fellowship . To what degree does affluence breed a desire for more affluence? to judge the entries. Arrange to publish winning essays in your college newspaper and make arrangements for the essays to be 2. What role does “affluence envy” play in conflicts among published in your local paper as well. individuals, families, or communities? 3. To what extent does affluence allow more choices for individuals, Develop a Leadership Institute on your campus utilizing the Phi Scholarship families, and communities? What problems may occur from having Theta Kappa Leadership Development Program. Research great Leadership local, state, national, and global leaders, those qualities that make more choices? Fellowship them great, and those qualities that have led leaders to abuse their affluence while in positions of power. 24

Scholarship Research and identify the organizations in your community that need and accept book and food donations. Promote the work BiBliograpHy Leadership Service of these organizations and contribute to their impact in the Fellowship community by leading Project Graduation: Feed a Body, Feed a Mind for your college’s commencement ceremonies Coontz, Stephanie. The Way We Never Were: American Families and the (http://projectgraduation.org/). Nostalgia Trap. 1992. Coontz looks at the way Americans’ historical memories of the 1950s are Using the short story “Shooting an Elephant” by George Orwell,* as much fiction as fact. She argues the ideal of the family as portrayed Scholarship examine how affluence affects individual and group decision in television and films did not exist in real life the way it does in our Leadership remembrances. making processes. What other factors influenced Orwell’s Fellowship decisions and the community’s decisions? When should matters of affluence be the basis for decision making? How might Daly, Herman E. and John B. Cobb, Jr. For the Common Good: Redirecting awareness of the influence of affluence change a leader’s decision the Economy Toward Community, the Environment, and a Sustainable making process? Use the short story for the basis of a decision- Future. 1989. making leadership development workshop for student leaders. The authors explore the relationship between growth-oriented industrial economies and the current health of the environment. The book examines Get together with chapters in other regions to research and the connections between economics, public policy, social ethics, and Scholarship discuss the paradox of affluence as it relates to your lives, families, environmental issues. Leadership and communities. Start a discussion board for all involved Fellowship chapters where you can share your research and thoughts on Diamond, Jared. Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed. 2005. the subject. Share your collective work with your region at Diamond explores how environmental damage, climate change, population educational forums. growth, and poor political choices have led to the demise of some societies while others have found solutions and survived. Research options for recycling Christmas trees in your community. Scholarship If there is currently an option available, organize a Christmas tree Goff, Brian and Arthur A. Fleisher, III. Spoiled Rotten: Affluence, Anxiety, and Leadership Social Decay in America. 1999. recycling event in your community. If there is no tree recycling in Service Fellowship your community, work with community leaders to establish and This work is a series of thirteen essays by writers with varied perspectives implement a program. on affluence, consumption, and the resultant paradoxes and anxiety in contemporary culture. Start a “Lecture of a Lifetime” series on your campus. Ask members Scholarship of your faculty to present lectures on the paradox of affluence as Helgesen, Sally. Thriving in 24/7: Six Strategies for Taming the New World of Leadership if these were the very last lectures they will give. What wisdom on Work. 2001. Fellowship the subject would each professor share with the audience if this Helgesen discusses the ways the boundaries between work and home have was the lecture of a lifetime? been blurred, and strategies for creating balance between a person’s work and home lives. O’Neill, Jessie H. The Golden Ghetto: The Psychology of Affluence. 1997. O’Neill tells the story of people struggling with “affluenza,” or difficulties with wealth and affluence, and explores the psychology of affluence. Pekar, Harvey. The New American Splendor Anthology: From Off the Streets of Cleveland. 1993. This irreverent look at life in urban Cleveland has become somewhat of a cult classic. The illustrations and dialogue are potent observations on the changing social landscape and observations about the forces of change and stability. Ransome, Paul. Work, Consumption, and Culture: Affluence and Social Change in the Twenty-First Century. 2005. Ransome examines the changing importance of work and investigates whether consumption has displaced production as the defining characteristic of people’s lives in the developed nations. Schor, Juliet. The Overspent American: Why We Want What We Don’t Need. 1998. Schor explores how overwork, insecurity, dissatisfaction, advertising, and television imagery have led to overspending and under-saving among the American middle and upper-middle class. * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/ 25

Issue 10: Environment hOw DOeS The GLObaL eNViRONmeNT ReFLeCT The PaRaDOx OF aFFLUeNCe? study questions Honors in action . To what extent is the world on the verge of environmental collapse? Create an environmental steering committee comprised of Scholarship students, faculty, and staff on your campus to research issues 2. To what degree does environmental policy affect health? Leadership related to your campus’ environment. From that research, develop 3. To what extent does a nation’s affluence affect international Service Fellowship projects for your campus that will beautify and improve your policy on the environment and climate change? environment. 4. How might affluence affect a person’s ability and willingness to embrace a “one child per human mother” policy to help reduce Track weather patterns in your community and research those Scholarship patterns over time. Has the weather changed considerably in your human impact on the global environment? Leadership Fellowship community? Are temperatures higher, lower, or similar to what 5. To what degree is conflict over natural resources (i.e., water, natural they have been for the last fifty years? Are there more extreme gas) more likely to break out in less affluent nations? patterns such as tornadoes, hurricanes, or earthquakes? What 6. In what ways does affluence determine the environmental are the factors that contribute to the stability or change in your consciousness of an individual or community? community’s weather? Share your findings over a semester at your chapter meetings. . To what degree is it true that affluent nations pollute to a greater extent than poorer nations? Research your carbon footprint and the collective footprint of 8. In what ways is global warming a result of the paradox of affluence? Scholarship everyone on your college campus. What factors are most prevalent Leadership 9. How can individuals, families, and communities work to neutralize in terms of causing environmental damage in your college Service their carbon footprints? Does affluence affect a person’s ability and Fellowship community? What will it take to erase those carbon footprints? Work with a team of students, faculty, and staff on your campus to develop willingness to do so? and implement a project on campus to erase your collective carbon 0. Why, despite our potential overuse of the Earth’s resources as global footprint. Invite members of the local National Honor Society to affluence increases, do scholars argue life will go on? work with you. Read Juliet Schor’s The Overspent American (1998). Contemplate Scholarship your own spending and its impact on the environment. Write an Leadership Service op-ed piece on the connection between consumerism and the Fellowship environment for your college or community newspaper. 26

Scholarship Invite a biologist, a sociologist, a geographer, and an anthropologist to speak from the perspectives of their disciplines on the future of life as BiBliograpHy Leadership Service it relates to the environment. Ask the scholars to consider the conflicts Fellowship that arise from their different perspectives (i.e., scientific vs. humanist) and among groups coming from different perspectives regarding the Ekins, Paul. Economic Growth and Environmental Sustainability: environment, such as the conflicts between Native Americans and the The Prospects for Green Growth. 1999. United States government as expressed by Chief Joseph of the Nez Ekins argues that “green growth” is economically achievable and he Perce*. Invite fellow Phi Theta Kappa members to join in a dialogue proposes environmental and economic policies needed for this to happen. about the presentations, the issues the scholars raise, and the leadership insights the leaders in these fields can provide. Hawken, Paul. The Ecology of Commerce. 1994. Hawken explores the environmentally destructive aspects of many business Investigate educational materials about taking care of the practices and proposes ways businesses can adopt new practices to Scholarship environment. Set up an environmental display in your college or promote environmental conservation and restoration. Leadership community library that offers books and other educational materials Service that highlight your research. Houghton, John. Global Warming: The Complete Briefing. 2004. Fellowship Houghton explores the scientific evidence for global warming and impact Form a geocaching club on your campus. Create caches that deal with of climate change on societies. He also proposes actions that governments, Scholarship the paradox of affluence as it relates to the environment, and place industry, and individuals can take to mitigate this problem. Leadership Service them in locations around your community that will highlight the ten Fellowship issues related to the Honors Study Topic. Follow the progress of your McKibben, Bill. Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable caches online and share your findings at chapter meetings. Future. 2007. McKibben’s thesis is that we need to move beyond an economic growth The Great American Cleanup is sponsored each year by Keep America model of prosperity and globalization, and adopt a more community- Scholarship Beautiful to address specific needs such as beautifying parks and centered perspective with cities, suburbs, and regions producing more Leadership of their own food, generating more of their energy, and creating more of recreation areas, cleaning seashores and waterways, handling recycling Service collections, planting trees and flowers, or conducting environment their own culture and environment. He offers a way out of our increasing Fellowship educational programs. Research your community’s needs and organize environmental problems by focusing on the impact of local changes. a Great American Cleanup event to be held between March and May. McKibben, Bill. The End of Nature. 1989. McKibben’s thesis is that survival of the Earth requires a paradigm shift in the way we think about nature. He argues that we should stop thinking about the potential of irreversible environmental change and consider two paths of living on the planet: develop better ways of managing the world, or adopt a more humble way of living so that mankind does not need to be in control. Myers, Norman and Jennifer Kent. The New Consumers: The Influence of Affluence on the Environment. 2004. Myers and Kent explore the impact of the “new consumers” of developing countries on the earth’s resources. The authors examine the environmental impacts of increased global consumption and the far-reaching effects of consumption patterns in different countries, with particular emphasis on China and India. Weisman, Alan. The World Without Us. 2007. Weisman speculates on the ecological recovery of the earth if humans became extinct. His approach provides a view of where we stand as a species and the impact of our rise and fall on the planet’s ecosystems. Wilson, Edward O. The Future of Life. 2002. Wilson argues that the central challenge of humanity in the new millennium is to increase the standard of living of the world’s growing poor, while preserving as much of the rest of life as possible. During this century, mankind and the rest of life must pass through a population ecology bottleneck created by intensifying environmental pressures. He is optimistic that by 2100 mankind’s impact on the biosphere will decrease because of population decline. * material is included in Phi Theta Kappa Leadership Development Studies: A Humanities Approach. This book is available online at www.ptk.org/recognitions/catalog/ 2

Phi Theta Kappa Honors Institute Topics and Sites Established in 1968, Phi Theta Kappa’s Honors Institute launches the examination of the Society’s Honors Study Topic. The Honors Institute 1987 The U.S. Constitution:Charlottesville, Virginia Controversy University of Virginia, Assuring Continuity Through is an intensive exploration of the topic, featuring internationally recognized speakers, small group seminars, educational field trips and 1988 The Character and Climate of Leadership: Old Frontiers and New Frontiers Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington experiential activities. The following is a list of past Honors Study Topics and Honors Institute dates and locations. 1989 The Americas:Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada University of Distant Neighbors Building Bridges 1968 Our Cultural Heritage: 1800-1860 Endicott College, Beverly, Massachusetts 1990 Civilization at Risk: Long Island,ofNew90s Adelphi University, Challenge the York 1969 The Changing Nature of American Society: A Challenge to Government Marymount College of Virginia, Arlington, Virginia 1991 The Paradox Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota University of of Freedom: A Global Dilemma 1970 A Study of Twentieth-Century Drama Bennett College, Millbrook, New York 1992 1492-1992:the Holy Cross, Worcester, Massachusetts College of The Dynamics of Discovery 1971 Man, A Part of Nature/Man, Apart from Nature Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 1993 Our Complex World: Balancing Unity and Diversity Elizabethtown College, Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania 1972 The State of Our Nation: Toward Responsible Contributory Citizenship American University, Washington, D.C. 1994 Science,Michigan University, Ypsilanti,Shaping a New Creation Eastern Humanity and Technology: Michigan 1973 Voices of Human Experience, I Endicott College, Beverly, Massachusetts 1995 Rights, Privileges andOrange, CaliforniaAn Indelicate Balance Chapman University, Responsibilities: 1974 Voices of Human Experience, II Ferrum College, Ferrum, Virginia 1996 The Arts: Landscape of OurRhode Island Bryant College, Smithfield, Time 1975 Franklin and Jefferson: Apostles in ‘76 University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 1997 Family: Myth, Metaphor and Reality Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 1976 William Faulkner: The Man, His Land, His Legend University of Mississippi, Oxford, Mississippi 1998 The Pursuit of Happiness: Conflicting Visions and Values The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 1977 Music: The Listener’s Art Cumberland College, Lebanon, Tennessee 1999 The New Millennium: The America, Washington, D.C. The Catholic University of Past As Prologue 1978 Man Alive: Can He Survive? Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 2000 In the Midst of Water: Diego, San Diego, California The University of San Origin and Destiny of Life 1979 The Brilliant Future of Man: Problem Solving Time Lees-McRae College, Banner Elk, North Carolina 2001 Customs,Institute of and Celebrations: TheGeorgiaDrive for Community Georgia Traditions, Technology, Atlanta, Human 1980 A Time for Truth: America’s Need for Governmental Renaissance Endicott College, Beverly, Massachusetts 2002 Dimensions and Directions of Health:Carolina in the Maze Furman University, Greenville, South Choices 1981 Man in Crisis: A Quest for Values State University of New York, Purchase, New York 2003 Dimensions and DirectionsAmerica, Washington, D.C.Maze The Catholic University of of Health: Choices in the 1982 The Short Story: Mirror of Humanity University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, Mississippi 2004 Popular Culture: Shaping and Reflecting Who We Are University of California, Los Angeles, California 1983 Signed by the Masters C.W. Post College on Long Island, Greenvale, New York 2005 Popular Culture: ShapingVegas,Reflecting Who We Are University of Nevada Las and Las Vegas, Nevada 1984 America, A World-Class Citizen: Image and Reality University of Southern Mississippi, Long Beach, Mississippi 2006 Gold, Gods, and Glory: The Global Dynamics of Power University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 1985 Ethics and Today’s Media: An Endangered Alliance? Fort Lewis College, Durango, Colorado 2007 Gold, Gods, and Glory: The Global Dynamics of Power Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 1986 The American Dream: Past, Present, and Future Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 2008 The Paradox ofState University, San Francisco, California San Francisco Affluence: Choices, Challenges, and Consequences 28

Phi Theta Kappa Honors Program Committee The Phi Theta Kappa Honors Program Committee is responsible for making recommendations to Headquarters staff about the new Honors Study Topic and International Service Program every two years and for assisting with the compilation of the Honors Program Guide. Made up of Phi Theta Kappa advisors, Headquarters staff, and consultants, the Honors Program Committee is selected for its broad knowledge of the paradox of affluence and Phi Theta Kappa’s integrated approach to the Hallmarks as well as its balance in academic disciplines. Dr. Randal Allison Lori Garrett Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Blinn College Danville Area Community College Bryan, Texas Danville, Illinois Monika Byrd Dr. Betsy Hertzler Director of Leadership Development Programs Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Phi Theta Kappa Mesa Community College Jackson, Mississippi Mesa, Arizona Cindy Carbone Ruth Randall Ohio Regional Coordinator National Collegiate Honors Council Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Kansas Regional Coordinator Edison Community College Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Piqua, Ohio Johnson County Community College Overland Park, Kansas Robert Carey Paul Roscelli Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Pima Community College Cañada College Tucson, Arizona Redwood City, California Susan Edwards, Chair Jennifer Stanford Director of Honors Programs Director of Programs Phi Theta Kappa Phi Theta Kappa Jackson, Mississippi Jackson, Mississippi Dr. Joan Fedor Billy Wilson Honors Consultant Phi Theta Kappa Chapter Advisor Sun City West, Arizona Holmes Community College Goodman, Mississippi 29

Additional Resources are Available Online Resources include a detailed Honors Study Topic annotated bibliography, film list, discussion grid, and a list of links to further web resources, Phi Theta Kappa’s Leadership Briefs and other external websites. http://www.ptk.org http://www.ptk.org/honors/ http://leadership.ptk.org/ http://www.ptk.org/service/ Publisher: Phi Theta Kappa, Inc. Editorial Staff: Executive Director Rod A. Risley Associate Executive Director and Chief Operating Officer Ellen Carmody Roster Director of Honors Programs Susan Edwards Director of Leadership Development Programs Monika Byrd Director of Programs Jennifer Stanford Phi Theta Kappa International Honor Society of the Two-Year College Center for Excellence, 1625 Eastover Drive, Jackson, MS 39211 601.984.3504 www.ptk.org

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