The New Nation

The New Nation (1789-1800)

Washington
Former General of the Colonial Army
Virginian (slave-owner)
1 st president elected by the Constitution
Very modest
Believed in the help of others, set up a Cabinet of advisors
Capital= New York City
Vice President= John Adams (Massachusetts)

Washington and Adams

On his way to New York
“ About 10 o'clock I bade adieu to Mount Vernon, to private life, and to domestic felicity, and with a mind oppressed with more anxious and painful sensations than I have words to express, set out for New York in company with Mr. Thompson, and Colonel Humphries, with the best dispositions to render service to my country in obedience to its call, but with less hope of answering its expectations.”

“… So help me God.”

Washington’s first goals
Bill of Rights (12 Amendments, only 10 passed under Wash.)
Money -> Tariff of 1789, National Bank of US
Europe -> Fre. Revolution, war b/w Fra & Britian
Create a cabinet

James Madison
Madison, a leader in Congress makes sure the Bill of Rights are passed. He will be the 4 th President.

Washington’s Cabinet
Thomas Jefferson (Sec. of State)
Alexander Hamilton (Sec. of Tresurary)
Henry Knox (Sec. of War)
John Jay (Chief Justice, Supreme Court)
Trouble is brewing b/w Jefferson and Hamilton from the beginning

Federalists v. Democratic-Republicans
This is the major political fight of the early republic. How much control should the Fed. Have? This is also the start of 2 political parties
Hamilton= Federalists
Strong Nat’l Gov’t
Fed. Bank
Favored Britain
Industrial economy (support from North East)

Hamilton

Federalists v. Dem. Republicans
Jefferson= Dem. Republicans
Strong state gov’ts (weak central gov’t)
No Nat’l Bank
Favored France
Agrarian society (farming), support in the South and West

Jefferson

HBO Boxing
“ Tonight we have one of the fiercest battles in all of history. The illegitimate, bank-boy from the West-Indies, Alex Hamilton will take on the farm-loving slave-owner from Virginia, Tommy Jefferson.”
“ Larry,
these guys really
don’t like
each other.”

Jefferson
Jefferson lands a right hook
“ The aspect of our politics has wonderfully changed since you left us. In place of that noble love of liberty, and republican government which carried us triumphantly through the war, an Anglican monarchical, and aristocratical party has sprung up, whose avowed object is to draw over us the substance, as they have already done the forms, of the British government .”

Hamilton
Hamilton lands a shot to the throat
“ Various circumstances prove to me that if these gentlemen were left to pursue their own course, there would be, in less than six months, an open war between the United States and Great Britain .”

Jefferson
Jefferson goes for the uppercut
“ That I have utterly, in my private conversations, disapproved of the system of the Secretary of the Treasury [i.e. Hamilton's economic program], I acknowledge and avow; and this was not merely a speculative difference. His system flowed from principles adverse to liberty , and was calculated to undermine and demolish the Republic, by creating an influence of his department over the members of the legislature.”

Hamilton
Hamilton is disqualified for a low-blow
“ In respect to foreign politics, the views of these gentlemen are, in my judgment,...unsound and dangerous. They have a womanish attachment to France and a womanish resentment against Great Britain . They would draw us into the closest embrace of the former, and involve us in all the consequences of her politics; and they would risk the peace of the country in their endeavors to keep us at the greatest possible distance from the latter.”

Jefferson wins by TKO

Money!!
Tariff of 1789 (Madison’s work)
Angered Southerners, more $ for imports
Hamilton’s financial plan
Pay full value for gov’t bonds (North has most bonds)
Public credit needed, US can borrow $
Nat’l bank (implied powers, enumerated powers)
Whiskey Rebellion
Tax on whiskey production, troops called in, no blood
Ppl worried that gov’t used troops against Americans

Foreign Policy (War)
French Revolution (1789)
They helped in Ame. Rev.
Declared war on Britain
Jay’s Treaty (1794)
Prevented war with Britain, Br. can still attack US ships (they must pay damage)
Pickney’s Treaty (1795)
With Spanish, can navigate the Miss. River
Treaty of Greenville (1795)
12 NA tribes forced to give Ohio and some of Indiana to US

Haitian Revolution
Started in 1791
500,000 African slaves
40, 000 whites and 28,000 free blacks
Toussaint L’Ouverture
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
1 st Black republic in the world in 1804
Weakens French Empire

L’Ouverture and Dessalines

Washington’s Farewell Address
Warned against sectionalism (North v South v West v East)
Sept. 1796
“ Let me now…warn you in the most solemn manner about the baneful effects of the spirit of party… The disorders and miseries, which result, gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of the individual .”

Farewell Address
Also warned of getting involved in foreign affairs (starts American isolationism )
“ The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations is in extending our commercial relations to have with them as little political connection as possible… ‘Tis our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.”

Farewell Address

Election of 1796
Adams versus Jefferson
Adams wins by 3 Electoral Votes (71, 68)

Adams and Jefferson

Adams’ Agenda
Stay out of war with Britain or France
Try to curtail the problems between the Federalists and Republicans
Try to live up to Washington’s example

Problems with France
XYZ Affair
French ambassadors wanted $250, 000 bribe to begin negotiations

Alien and Sedition Acts
1798
3 laws against ALIENS (non-citizens)
Immigrants often anti-British, vote for Rep. party
Wait 14 yrs for citizenship, deport without trial
1 law against SEDITION (inciting rebellion)
Crime to print “false, scandalous, and malicious” info about gov’t
Fed. gov’t taking rights from the people

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
KY written by Th. Jefferson
Nullification (fed. laws can be declared null)
VA written by James Madison
Interposition (state gov’t can interpose b/w fed. and people
Fights back for STATE’S RIGHTS

Election of 1800
Rematch of Jefferson and Adams
Jefferson and Aaron Burr each had 73 votes, House has to choose President

Midnight Appointments
Judiciary Act of 1801
Judge John Marshall
16 new judges in 6 new courts
To counter the incoming Dem-Republicans

Slave Revolt
Gabriel Prosser (1800), Richmond, VA
About 1000 slaves
Postponed 1 night, 2 different slaves told their masters
25 slaves hanged, 65 tried total
James Monroe is Governor of VA

Gabriel Prosser

The New Nation

by Jonathan_Tyus on Sep 13, 2009

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The New Nation Presentation Transcript