3. HABITS
• Habit as quoted by ‘Hogeboon’ and attributed by
Salder is the methodical way in which mind and
body act as a result of the frequent repetition of
a certain definite sets of nervous impulses.
4. • Fixed or constant practice established by frequent
repetition
Dorland
• Frequent or constant practice or acquired tendency,
which has been fixed by frequent repetition
Buttersworth
• Habits are learnt pattern of muscle contraction of a
very complex nature
MOYER
8. ETIOLOGY OF HABIT DEVELOPMENT
1) Anatomical:
For ex: Posture of tongue. Infantile swallow occurs
due to a large tongue in a small oral cavity coupled
with anterior open bite
11. Mouth Breathing
CHACKER FM (1961)
Defined mouth breathing as a prolonged or continued
exposure of the tissues of anterior areas of mouth to the
drying effects of inspired air.
Merle (1980) - Suggested the term oro - nasal breathing
instead of mouth breathing
13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
a) Lowering of the mandible.
b) Positioning of the tongue downwards and
forwards.
Lowering of the tongue and mandible upsets the
orofacial equilibrium. There is an unrestricted buccinator
activity that influences the position of the teeth and also
the growth of jaws.
20. MANAGEMENT
Elimination of the cause
Interception of habits
A)Exercises
Lip exercise
Holding of metal disc between lips
21. B) Maxillo-thorax myotherapy
• advocated by Macaray in 1960
• used in conjuction to Macaray activator
• 10 sets of exercise while wearing the
activator thrice daily done
25. Conclusion
• Oral habits have a definite bearing on the
development of occlusion.
• One may acquire certain habits that may either
temporarily or permanently be harmful to dental
occlusion and to the tooth supporting structures.
• So, such habits should be identified and treated
as soon as possible.
26. • Harmful oral habits include :
1.Finger or thumb sucking
2.Mouth breathing
3.Bruxism
4.Cheek / Lip biting
5. All
27. • Etiology of mouth breathing is:
1) Rhinitis and Sinusitis
2)over eruption of lower incisors touching
the palatal mucosa
3)deviated nasal septum
4)all of the above
28. • Due to habit of mouth breathing:
1) lower lips become hyperactive
2) upper lips become hypoactive
3) both lips become hypoactive
4) upper lips become hyperactive