Plone in the Cloud - an on-demand CMS hosted on Amazon EC2

Plone in the Cloud A CMS hosted on Amazon EC2 Nate Aune (Jazkarta.com) PyCon 2009 Chicago, IL Tuesday, April 7, 2009 1

• President of Jazkarta (based in Boston) • 3 Full-time and 10 freelance developers • Python-based open source web applications • Members of core Plone framework team • Member of the Plone Foundation Board Tuesday, April 7, 2009 2

In the next 30 min... • Amazon Web Services (AWS) • AWS with Python • Plone with AWS • Tools for launching & remote deployment • Challenges of using AWS • Monitoring and maintaining EC2 instances Tuesday, April 7, 2009 3

What is Amazon Web Services? Tuesday, April 7, 2009 4

What is Amazon Web Services? • Suite of elastic IT infrastructure services • Requisition computing power and storage • Run any application you want on any OS Tuesday, April 7, 2009 5

Beneﬁts of AWS • Metered pricing (per hour / per GB) • no large up-front capital investments • only pay for what you use • Scaleable hosting architecture • Redundancy for high availability Tuesday, April 7, 2009 6

AWS Architecture • EC2 = Elastic Computing Cloud • S3 = Simple Storage Solution • EBS = Elastic Block Storage • Elastic IP = Static IP addresses Tuesday, April 7, 2009 7

Elastic Computing Cloud (EC2) amazon.com/ec2 • Use an existing AMI (Amazon Machine Image) to launch a new instance • Or create your own AMIs (even paid ones) • Attach EBS volumes to your EC2 instance Tuesday, April 7, 2009 8

Elastic Block Storage (EBS) Tuesday, April 7, 2009 9

So how does Python play into all this? Tuesday, April 7, 2009 10

Enter Boto Tuesday, April 7, 2009 11

What is Boto? • Python package that provides interfaces to Amazon Web Services • Thanks to author Mitch Garnaat! • Boto supports: • S3 via the REST API • EC2 via the Query API • and more... Tuesday, April 7, 2009 12

Install Boto & Bototools $ sudo easy_install boto $ svn co http://bototools.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ bototools $ cd bototools $ sudo python setup.py install $ sudo python ./src/bototools/postinstall.py -p /usr/local/bin • This will put these commands in /usr/local/bin: • ec2start, ec2stop, ec2ip, ec2ls, ec2img • s3ls, s3rm, s3cp Tuesday, April 7, 2009 13

Using Bototools • Set these environment variables: • AWS_ACCESS_KEY • AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY • EC2_SSH_KEY • Can also put in ~/.boto or /etc/boto.cfg Tuesday, April 7, 2009 14

Find an AMI • We will use the Ubuntu 8.10 Intrepid (32-bit) from Alestic.com - ami-7cfd1a15 • More can be found at: http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/kbcategory.jspa?categoryID=171 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 15

Launch an instance $ ec2start -a ami-7cfd1a15 -k gsg-keypair Reservation:r-0f26a666 [Instance:i-8e3154e7] $ ec2ls Reservation r-0f26a666 i-8e3154e7 pending None 2009-03-25T01:49:24.000Z ...wait... $ ec2ls Reservation r-0f26a666 i-8e3154e7 running None 2009-03-25T01:49:24.000Z ec2-174-129-238-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com Tuesday, April 7, 2009 16

Associate a static IP $ ec2ip -g Address:174.129.238.8 $ ec2ip -l 174.129.238.8 -> $ ec2ip -a 174.129.238.8 i-8e3154e7 True $ ec2ip -l 174.129.238.8 -> i-8e3154e7 • Note: once you assign a static IP, you won't be able to access the machine using the original IP. Tuesday, April 7, 2009 17

Log in $ ec2ls Reservation r-0f26a666 i-8e3154e7 running None 2009-03-25T01:49:24.000Z ec2-174-129-238-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com $ ssh -i ~/id_rsa-gsg-keypair root@ec2-174-129-238-8.compute-1.amazonaws.com Linux domU-12-31-39-00-E5-14 2.6.21.7-2.fc8xen #1 SMP Fri Feb 15 12:39:36 EST 2008 i686 root@domU-12-31-39-00-E5-14:~# • Time to play! Tuesday, April 7, 2009 18

Stop the instance $ ec2stop i-8e3154e7 Stopping ['i-8e3154e7'] $ ec2ls Reservation r-0f26a666 i-8e3154e7 terminated None 2009-03-25T01:49:24.000Z • Be sure to stop the instance or you will be charged! Tuesday, April 7, 2009 19

Use the AWS Console Tuesday, April 7, 2009 20

Or use ElasticFox • Firefox extension to start/stop EC2 instances, assign IPs, associate EBS volumes and create keypairs. http://developer.amazonwebservices.com/connect/entry.jspa?externalID=609&categoryID=88 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 21

Case study Plone on EC2 Tuesday, April 7, 2009 22

What is Plone? • Open source content management system (CMS) • Built on top of Zope • Written in Python • Large international community • Used by Oxfam, NASA, Novell, Akamai, FSF, etc. • more listed at http://plone.net/sites Tuesday, April 7, 2009 23

Why Plone on EC2? + • Too few Zope hosting providers • Avoid renting rackspace in co-lo • Flexible and scalable architecture • Complete control of servers Tuesday, April 7, 2009 24

What is PondCMS? PondCMS = Plone On Demand • Hosted and supported version of Plone • Eliminate the complexities of hosting • Turnkey - automated and repeatable • Bundled with certiﬁed add-ons www.jazkarta.com/pondcms Tuesday, April 7, 2009 25

PondCMS Technology stack HTTP proxy Caching proxy 0%1&2 Load Balancer + *#quot;+ PondCMS ,-./+ add-ons *#quot;+ Web App Server ,-./+ Operating System *#quot;+ ,-./+ Virtual Servers !quot;#$%&!'() Tuesday, April 7, 2009 26

One server deployment Apache HTTP (HTTP) Varnish (Caching) Pound (Load balancing) 1 2 n Zope Client #1 Zope Client #1 Zope Client #n Zeo Server Zeo Backup Tuesday, April 7, 2009 27

Add Zeo clients as demand increases Tuesday, April 7, 2009 28

Multi server deployment Website visitor HTTP Elastic Block Storage public IP: 72.44.50.237 Apache Frontend server Apache logs Varnish Pound Application Servers 1 2 n zope-1.web.private:8222 zope-2.web.private:8222 zope-n.web.private:8222 Zope client #1 Zope client #2 Zope client #n Elastic Block Storage Database server zeo-1.web.private:8221 Data.fs Zeo server #1 Data Data.fs Backup ﬁles Simple Storage Solution (S3) Tuesday, April 7, 2009 29

Goal: automate everything Scripts for repeatable deployment 1. Bootstrap the server 2. Install dependencies 3. Install PondCMS (includes Plone + add-ons) 4. Conﬁgure backups 5. Create the Plone site and Apache vhosts Tuesday, April 7, 2009 30

1. Bootstrap server 1. Create the EC2 instance 2. Create an EBS volume 3. Associate volume with EC2 instance 4. Acquire IP address 5. Associate IP with EC2 instance Tuesday, April 7, 2009 31

2. Install dependencies 1. Install packages with apt-get • zope, python, varnish, apache2, pound, postﬁx 2. Initialize EBS volume and mount as ext3 fs 3. Store Apache log ﬁles on EBS volume 4. Register server with Landscape 5. Set up Pound to start automatically 6. Set up Pound to point to Zeo clients Tuesday, April 7, 2009 32

3. Install PondCMS 1. Make a 'zope' user 2. Create a virtualenv 3. Make Zope data dirs on EBS volume 4. Download PondCMS tarball release (incl. Plone) 5. Install PondCMS into virtualenv Tuesday, April 7, 2009 33

4. Configure backups • Configure logfile rotation • Setup backup scripts (using repozo) • Setup sync of backups to S3 (using Duplicity) • Create cron jobs for backups (daily, weekly) Tuesday, April 7, 2009 34

5. Create Plone site & vhosts 1. Use Fabric (remote deployment tool) to: • Make Plone site incl. CacheFu setup • Make vhost for accessing site on port 80 2. Create Apache vhosts for: • supervisor.domainname.com (start/stop Zope) • admin.domainname.com (ZMI access) Tuesday, April 7, 2009 35

What is Fabric? Tuesday, April 7, 2009 36

What is Fabric? http://www.nongnu.org/fab/ • Simple remote deployment tool • Similar to Capistrano (Ruby on Rails) • Deploy applications to multiple similar hosts Tuesday, April 7, 2009 37

Setup site Fabric script @require('host', 'site_id') @fabricset(host='fab_hosts', user='fab_user', key='fab_key_filename' def createplonesite(host=None, user=None, key=None, site_id=None, public_host=None): quot;quot;quot;Create a new plone site quot;quot;quot; if not site_id: site_id = host installzcml(host=host, user=user, key=key, package='pondcms.basi restart(host=host, user=user, key=key) put('createplonesite.py', '/tmp/createplonesite.py') s = SERVICE+'/bin/utility run /tmp/createplonesite.py -a pondcms.basicapp -s '+site_id if public_host: s += ' --site-url='+public_host run(s) Tuesday, April 7, 2009 38

Setup vhost Fabric script @require('host', 'vhost_name') @fabricset(host='fab_hosts', user='fab_user', key='fab_key_filename' def setupvhost(host=None, user=None, key=None, vhost_name=None): quot;quot;quot;Setup an apache2 vhostquot;quot;quot; site = VHOST_TEMPL % {'vhost_name': vhost_name} tmpfile = '/tmp/'+get('fab_timestamp')+'_vhost' f = open(tmpfile, 'w') f.write(site) f.close() targetf = vhost_name+'.conf' target = '/etc/apache2/sites-available/' + targetf put(tmpfile, target) run('a2ensite vhost_name') run('/etc/init.d/apache2 reload') Tuesday, April 7, 2009 39

Running Fabric scripts $ cd fabric $ source bin/active (fabric)$ cd fabs/pondcms (fabric)$ fab createplonesite:host=test.pondcms.net,user=root,key=~/id_rsa-gsg- keypair,site_id=test.pondcms.net,public_host=http:// test.pondcms.net ... (fabric)$ fab setupvhost:host=test.pondcms.net,user=root,key=~/ id_rsa-gsg-keypair,vhost_name=test.pondcms.net Tuesday, April 7, 2009 40

Challenges • Persistent data must be stored on EBS • Static IPs • Mail sent from EC2 instances ﬂagged as spam • Monitoring and maintenance of VMs • Landscape • ZenOss • Nagios • Hyperic Tuesday, April 7, 2009 41

Tuesday, April 7, 2009 42

AWS Status history Tuesday, April 7, 2009 43

Landscape monitoring / updates • http://landscape.canonical.com Tuesday, April 7, 2009 44

Landscape update pkgs Tuesday, April 7, 2009 45

Thank you! Questions? Follow me on Twitter: natea Or email me at: natea (at) jazkarta (dot) com Tuesday, April 7, 2009 46

More info • Amazon EC2: http://amazon.com/ec2 • Boto: http://code.google.com/p/boto • Bototools: http://code.google.com/p/bototools/ • Fabric: http://www.nongnu.org/fabric • Fabulatr: http://code.google.com/p/fabulatr/ • Plone: http://plone.org • PondCMS: http://jazkarta.com/pondcms Tuesday, April 7, 2009 47

Other resources • Ubuntu on EC2: http://groups.google.com/group/ec2ubuntu • Ubuntu AMIs: http://www.alestic.com • Beta program: http://www.ubuntu.com/ec2 • Landscape: http://landscape.canonical.com • vm-builder-ec2: http://packages.ubuntu.com/intrepid-updates/utils/python-vm-builder-ec2 • Enomaly's Elastic Computing Platform: http://src.enomaly.com/ Tuesday, April 7, 2009 48

Photo credits • http://www.flickr.com/photos/docman/66137352/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/thomashawk/126534906/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/moeview/498544386/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/shellysblogger/ 2464969383/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/mhw/56386662/ • http://www.flickr.com/photos/mrtopf/1541527579/ Tuesday, April 7, 2009 49

Plone in the Cloud - an on-demand CMS hosted on Amazon EC2

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