My talk from the 2013 INTECOLBiodiversity, ecosystem services and multifunctional landscapes symposium organizes by Lars Gamfeldt and Jan Bengtsson

1. Measuring the effects of change in
biodiversity on multiple
ecosystem functions
Jarrett
Byrnes,
Lars
Gamfeldt,
Forest
Isbell,
Jonathan
Lefcheck,
John
Griffin,
Andrew
Hector,
Bradley
Cardinale,
David
Hooper,
Laura
Dee,
J.
Emmett
Duffy
UMass Boston, University of Gothenburg, University of Minnesota, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences,
Swansea University, University of Zurich, University of Michigan, Western Washington University,
University of California Santa Barbara, Virginia Institute of Marine Sciences
http://jebyrnes.github.io/intecol-multifunc

2. 2/25

3. Meta-­‐analysis
Trio:
Diversity
Affects
Function
Balvanera et al. 2006 Eco. Let.
3/25

4. But
Are
Only
Two
Species
Needed?
Cardinale et al. 2006
Balvanera et al. 2006 Eco. Let.
4/25

5. Duffy et al. 2003
Ecology Letters
5/25

6. Multifunctionality: the
simultaneous
performance of
multiple functions
6/25

7. How
to
Measure
Multifunctionality
1. Past Methods of 'Measuring' Multifunctionality
2. At the Threshold of a Solution
3. Future Explorations of BEMF
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8. An
Example:
Biodepth
8/25

9. Functions
Measured
in
Germany
9/25

10. Different
Ways
of
Measuring
Multifunctionality
1. Overlap in Species Influencing Function
2. Average Function
3. Number of Functions Performing at a Threshold
10/25

11. Overlap
in
Species
Influencing
Function
This is not a measure of Multifunctionality
11/25

12. Average
of
Standardized
Functions
Many results lead to the same line
12/25

13. Number
of
Functions
Performing
at
a
Threshold
Threshold may be arbitrary
13/25

14. How
to
Measure
Multifunctionality
1. Past Methods of 'Measuring' Multifunctionality
2. At the Threshold of a Solution
3. Future Explorations of BEMF
14/25

15. Thresholds
Seem
Arbitrary
15/25

16. Slope
Changes
Systematically
Across
Thresholds
16/25

17. Slope
Changes
Systematically
Across
Thresholds
17/25

18. Slope
Changes
Systematically
Across
Thresholds
18/25

19. Slope
Changes
Systematically
Across
Thresholds
19/25

20. How
to
Measure
Multifunctionality
1. Past Methods of 'Measuring' Multifunctionality
2. At the Threshold of a Solution
3. Future Explorations of BEMF
20/25

21. Comparing
Systems
21/25

22. Comparing
Systems
Behaviour
22/25

23. Assessing
Generality
of
Metrics
23/25

24. How
do
We
Measure
Multifunctionality?
1. Multifunctionality is a nuanced phenomenon
2. Multiple methods in the literature address
different aspects of multifunctionality
3. Examining the relationship between diversity
and # of Functions > a threshold at multiple
thresholds provides new promising metrics
These methods not limited to biodiversity-
ecosystem function research
24/25

25. Thanks
to
NCEAS
&
the
BEF
Working
Group
Paper: http://bit.ly/multifunc
R Multifunc Library: https://github.com/jebyrnes/multifunc
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