Mind-Mapping presentation (English version)

PagePagePagePage 1111/112/112/112/112An overview of MindAn overview of MindAn overview of MindAn overview of Mind----mappingmappingmappingmappingAprilAprilAprilApril ---- 2013201320132013
MINDMINDMINDMIND----MAPPINGMAPPINGMAPPINGMAPPING
An overview
Jean-Pascal CÔTE
Everything starts from and ends at the centre
First part
June 2013www.emapsfree.fr Presentation delivered under Commons Creative licence

SummarySummarySummarySummary
NB : Chapters IV, V and VI will be the purpose of the second part (End of 2013)

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: forewordforewordforewordforeword
Mind-mapping is another way to represent information. It consists of creating a
graphical word arborescence from a central topic. It is characterized by the following
points :
All pieces of information are put together in a single diagram
It facilitates cognitive processes (Thinking, memorization, association )
It enables to structure information so that it comes out in a clear fashion
It can be applied in many fields (Companies, universities, non profitable organizations)
It belongs to a centred diagram family (Cf. below)
Its development is the purpose of this document

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: contextcontextcontextcontext (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)
A very strong dynamism
The success and the dynamism of Mind-mapping have been growing significantly
among private individuals and companies, through the following points :
● The popularization of the method and publications allow various uses.
● User communities are increasingly present on the web bringing innovative
ideas ( Many maps and articles about this topic).
● An increasing number of provision of services are offered using this tool
(Training, knowledge transfer, facilitation, project management, etc.).
● It is now integrated in secondary school syllabus (In France since September 2010).
● The development of collaborative platforms enables collective/collaborative
intelligence technique to emerge.
● New softwares are regularly launched in the market.
● The number of Mind-mapping editors migrating their apps for mobile phones
and notepads continues to grow.
● There is also a growing interest on the subject in Latin America (Src. Signos)

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: contextcontextcontextcontext (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)
…With further improvements to come
that can be viewed in two ways :
from a technical point of view :
● Few softwares offer an open architecture (DB access).
● All user graphical interfaces do not enable the same services.
● The marketing message of softwares is unclear.
from a general point of view :
● The equation : Mind-mapping = using a software is still very popular.
● A lot of questions on social networks are about softwares.
● Maps still remain more or less isolated from a more general context in which
they fit.
● The aim of Mind-mapping is not always very well understood.
● There is few methodological approaches on the subject.
● Explanations about Mind-mapping capabilities are confusing.

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: objective and readingobjective and readingobjective and readingobjective and reading
Objective
The objective of this Mind-mapping presentation is threefold :
● To provide the maximum of learning tools so that it can be applied quickly
and efficiently in a working environment or personal projects.
● To bring a contribution to the topics mentioned in the previous chapter
without pretending to be exhaustive.
● To propose and share another view of Mind-mapping
Reading
● We advise beginners to start with chapter I and to take the best of the
others depending of their needs.
● Confirmed users and experts will take benefit from novelties discussed in
chapters II and III.

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: out of scopeout of scopeout of scopeout of scope
This document is not a book. Therefore we made the following choices :
Only a PC based Mind-mapping approach, i.e. with a relevant software, is
discussed. Thus hand-drawn Mind-maps are not covered in this presentation but
remain an important topic especially if we consider them for the artistic and
therapeutic aspects they bring.
This overview, which is addressed to a large audience, cannot be replaced by a
training on a software. For companies wishing to embrace the adventure, we
suggest to do it with a specialist in this field.
Although we used different types of softwares for our examples, we excluded
any comparative studies.
Given the novelties we wanted to deliver, it seemed more relevant to propose our
thoughts in two parts. This document constitutes the first part (*).
(*) : Only chapters I, II and III of this summary will be covered in this overview
(*) : Only chapters I, II and III of this summary will be covered in this overview

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: novelties in version 2.0novelties in version 2.0novelties in version 2.0novelties in version 2.0
This version brings a certain number of novelties following two directions :
The content
● The notion of the intention of a map has been introduced and defined
● The map's centre is the subject of a particular development.
● We have developed a Mind-mapping maturity model.
● The introduction is presented from an information processing view.
● We have restituted to the map's legend its true value.
● A chapter on personal ecology has been added.
● FAQ(s) enable to clarify certain points
The form
● Examples have been enriched.
● The overall document has been reviewed.
● Quotations introduce each chapter.
● Questions have been added to catch the reader's attention.
(*) : The version 1.0 is available on the blog « www.emapsfree.fr »

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: our philosophyour philosophyour philosophyour philosophy
About Mind-mapping
Our approach to Mind-mapping proposes to :
● Get inspired from nature (Biomimicry).
● Extend the field of Mind-mapping uses.
● Develop a theoretical and practical frame of reference.
About this document
From our point of view, providing a document free means :
● Sharing our passion for Mind-mapping with the readers.
● Believing money is not the only mean for reward.
● Proposing another state of mind in providing documents
We wish this document reaches a maximum of people interested in this field,
and makes them keen to go further.

PresentationPresentationPresentationPresentation: acknowledgementsacknowledgementsacknowledgementsacknowledgements
We wish to thank the people and partners who have contributed with their help
and support to the achievement of this document and in particular :
© www.emapsfree.fr

« Mind-mapping turns information into knowledge »
Chapter IChapter IChapter IChapter I - IntroductionIntroductionIntroductionIntroduction
Inspired from a video of Lionel NACCACHE - Neurologist

StatingtheproblemStatingtheproblemStatingtheproblemStatingtheproblem: information processinginformation processinginformation processinginformation processing (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)1.11.11.11.1
Information is one of the key challenges of our time. Firstly because it is
overwhelming, hence hard to analyze, often due to a lack of availability on the
reader's side. Also because it is not always easy to treat and structure. Finally
because it remains a challenge to restitute at an individual or collective level.
These above issues, detailed below, are therefore found at every stage of its
process that we defined as : acquisition, treatment and release.
Acquisition
● We are overwhelmed by information (Prof. & private life)
● Search for same pieces of information is counterproductive
● We run out of time to look for information efficiently
Processing
● We do not always know how to structure information, either
to store it or find it back.
● Daily management of information can be affected by loss
of memory (Tiredness, emotions, annoyance, etc.).

StatingtheproblemStatingtheproblemStatingtheproblemStatingtheproblem: information processinginformation processinginformation processinginformation processing (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)
Release
● We do not always succeed in restituting the information
● Synthesize information can be difficult and/or complicated
● Depending on the context, sharing information is not always fluent
We can therefore sum up the whole process and its problems by the diagram
below :
1.11.11.11.1

StatingtheproblemStatingtheproblemStatingtheproblemStatingtheproblem: information processinginformation processinginformation processinginformation processing (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)
But then, which solution(s) to bring ?
1.11.11.11.1

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: whatwhatwhatwhat isisisis itititit ????1.21.21.21.2
Definition (*)
Mind-mapping is a method aimed at representing information and
knowledge in a graphical arborescent structure, through a visual
language based on :
● A word (Label, font and color)
● An image (Illustration and context)
● A symbol (Shapes, icons)
Other definition
A heuristic map represents a temporary and arbitrary
hierarchy of links between data through a tree structure
whose purpose is to structure and/or let information emerge.
Source : www.fredericveve.com(*) : This is our own definition which is not unique in this field !

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: wherewherewherewhere doesdoesdoesdoes itititit comecomecomecome fromfromfromfrom ???? (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)
Whatever they are, ideas are never the result of a single individual. It’s often a
continuous process of improvements which contribute to their emergence.
Linking an idea to a room in a house to help memorizing
was already used by the Greeks, but it’s Aristote who gave
the first 'family tree' representations and Raymond Lulle
who developed them further in his works of the Middle-Age.
In the early 70s, the psychologist Tony Buzan, as a result of
his research on learning and the human brain, gave birth to
a method of organizing ideas, using drawings and tree
structure, leading to his concept of MindMap® (Carte mentales).
To do so he reminded the following principles (Cf. [1]) :
The brain functions with radiating thoughts
The language of the brain is about imagination and association
Source : http://esopedia.urobore.net/Arbor_Moralis
1.21.21.21.2

Example of radiating thoughts : meetings
NB : Drawing created with Simple Diagrams « www.simplediagrams.com/ »
A radiating thought can be seen like a tree structure of associations starting
from an idea.
1.21.21.21.2

NB : Imagination and association are much more powerful when used
together.
Association
Isstimulatedby…
Figures
Words
Order
Symbols
Images
Diagrams
Isstimulatedby…
Imagination
Our senses
Exaggeration
Colours
Laughter
Photos and pictures
Rythm and movement
1.21.21.21.2

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: how does it work ?how does it work ?how does it work ?how does it work ? (1/6)(1/6)(1/6)(1/6)
The first stage of a Mindmap is to draw a centre with a topic. Several varieties exist
(With image(s), without label, etc.)
Possible option
(Text + image)
Possible option
(Image without text)
1.21.21.21.2
Centre
Branches
Sub-branches
Icons
/
im
ages
Links
/boundaries
O
verview
Mind-mapping
for …

The second stage consists of drawing branches using keywords by idea conveyed
(one word per line).
1.21.21.21.2
Centre
Sub-branches
Icons
/
im
ages
Links
/boundaries
O
verview
Branches

The third stage consists of adding sub-branches carrying ideas using “sub-
keywords" (One word per line if possible).
1.21.21.21.2
Centre
Branches
Sub-branches
Icons
/
im
ages
Links
/boundaries
O
verview

The fourth stage consists of adding icons and/or images for the most significant key
words.
1.21.21.21.2
Centre
Branches
Sub-branches
Links
/boundaries
O
verview
Icons
/
im
ages

The fifth stage consists of adding mental links (See p.64) and boundaries.
1.21.21.21.2
Centre
Branches
Sub-branches
Icons
/
im
ages
Links
/boundaries
O
verview

© www.emapsfree.fr
1.21.21.21.2
NB : Mindmap® is a registered brand of Buzan Organization Limited 1998
Centre
Branches
Sub-branches
Icons
/
im
ages
Links
/boundaries
O
verview

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?
Mind-mapping allows to :
… and further more !
Put together information on the same
material/medium
Generate and organize ideas
see the big picture
(Overview and details)
Reduce intellectual tireness
(facilitated access to information)
Structure decision-making
Help problem-solving
Take notes
Increase individual and
collective performance
Share data
Keep the expertise
Save time
Synthesize a text
1.21.21.21.2

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?what is it used for ?
Everyone has their own issues
… thanks to Mind-mapping
• Manage risks ?
• Improve productivity ?
• Help making decisions ?
• Drive change ?
• Manage teams ?
• Etc.
• Take efficient notes ?
• Improve my memory ?
• Present my ideas ?
• Work in teams ?
• Enjoy revisions ?
• Etc.
• Save time ?
• Improve audits ?
• Reduce paper usage ?
• Capitalize on our experience ?
• Show our experience ?
• Etc.
• Manage our activities ?
• Structure our presentations ?
• Generate ideas ?
• Communicate efficiently ?
• Show our ‘Know-how’ ?
• Etc.
1.21.21.21.2

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: summary pointssummary pointssummary pointssummary points (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)
Mind-mapping is a paradigm shift !
Linear structure Arborescent structure
Inspired from www.idergie.com
With Mind-mapping we move from a linear structure of information to an
arborescent structure, where all useful data is included in a single diagram.
1.21.21.21.2

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: summary pointssummary pointssummary pointssummary points (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)
The 3 pilars of Mind-mapping
1.21.21.21.2

MindMindMindMind----mappingmappingmappingmapping: summary pointssummary pointssummary pointssummary points(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)
Source : www.fredericveve.com
Maps achieved with iMindMap
1.21.21.21.2

Chapter IIChapter IIChapter IIChapter II - TheoryTheoryTheoryTheory
« Mind-mapping remains the shortest way between an idea we want to convey and the
receiver's mental pattern»
Christophe TRICOT
(Co-founder of MetaCarto)

Observation
Whatever the context, a mind map is always created for a specific purpose and
targeted public (Self or others). Storing personal information in a map does not
have the same aim as thinking about a specific situation using a decision-tree
diagram. Likewise, preparing a professional project has a different objective than
doing a brainstorming session. Although, the outcome is identical, i.e. the
creation of a map, the purpose is different. Therefore it makes sense to question
the intention of a map.
Intention of a map
Depending on the issue to address, it fits within one of the following 6
categories :
● Map for living
● Map for thinking
● Map for communicating
● Map for achieving
● Map for learning
● Map for healing
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation2222.1.1.1.1

Definition
A map for living is a practical map, also called memo map, consisting of a
collection of pieces of information, regularly used in our daily activities, thus
avoiding to always search for the same pieces of information.
Applications
A few examples :
● A shopping list
● A service opening hours
● A personal or professional appointment
● Confidential banking information
● Health-related information (Doctor, events, diseases, dates, etc.)
● Note-taking
● Etc.
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps for livingfor livingfor livingfor living (1/4)(1/4)(1/4)(1/4)2222.1.1.1.1

Example : service opening hours
Map achieved with MindView
© www.emapsfree.fr

Example:anappointment
Sources : www.emapsfree.fr + www.google.maps
MapachievedwthMindManager
©www.emapsfree.fr

Example : the health record booklet
Sources : www.emapsfree.fr (The medical record)
© www.emapsfree.fr
Map achieved with MindManager

Definition
A map for thinking implies a thought process, individual or collective, aimed
at generating the big picture about a given theme.
Applications
A few examples :
● Ishikawa diagram ("fish-bone" diagram)
● A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats)
● The 5W1H method (Who? What? Where? When? How? How much? Why? )
● The 6-hat method (Edward de BONO)
● A brainstorming session, ABCD method
● The Eisenhower matrix
● The GTD method
● Etc.
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps forforforfor thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking (1/9)(1/9)(1/9)(1/9)2222.1.1.1.1

Example : Ishikawa diagram
NB : This diagram also called "fish-bones" is usually made of 5
directions : Environment, materials, methods, people, machines. We can
add to this 2 others: Management and financial means.
2222.1.1.1.1 IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps forforforfor thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking (2/9)(2/9)(2/9)(2/9)
Map achieved with XMIND
© www.emapsfree.fr

Example:productionincident
2222.1.1.1.1 Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinking (3/9)(3/9)(3/9)(3/9)
MapsachievedwithXMIND
© www.emapsfree.fr

2222.1.1.1.1
Carte réalisée avec MindManager
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps forforforfor thinkingthinkingthinkingthinking (4/9)(4/9)(4/9)(4/9)
ExploringtheSWOTmodelwiththePESTLE
Situation analysis
© www.emapsfree.fr

Source : www.emapsfree.fr (The internship –In French-)
Feedback on company internship experience with a SWOT analysis
© www.emapsfree.fr

Describingatopicwiththe5W1Hmodel
The advantage of this model is that it systematically questions every
proposition. It was created in the 5th century by latin philosopher Boethius
or Boèce, to assess circumstances related to criminal investigations
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Five_Ws
2222.1.1.1.1
MapachievedwithXMind
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinking (6/9)(6/9)(6/9)(6/9)
© www.emapsfree.fr

Example : a concept note
NB : Sometimes it’s very useful to use sentences instead of keywords !
© www.emapsfree.fr Map achieved with MindManager

Example : The Eisenhower matrix
2222.1.1.1.1
Source : www.efh.fr
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinking (8/9)(8/9)(8/9)(8/9)
Carte réalisée avec MindManager

The 6 thinking hats is a collective reflection method on a specific
theme.
Source : « The 6 thinking hats » - Edward de BONO – 2005
2222.1.1.1.1 Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinkingmaps for thinking (9/9)(9/9)(9/9)(9/9)
From Edward De BONO
MapachievedwithXmind
© www.emapsfree.fr

Definition
A map for communicating is a map which conveys information towards an
individual or a group.
Applications
A few examples :
● The communication of a company or a service (internal & external)
● Audits (Internal & external)
● Presentations / Speeches
● Data libraries
● A wish card, a business card
● Aggregated data, statistics in a presentation
● Etc.
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for communicatingmaps for communicatingmaps for communicatingmaps for communicating (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)2222.1.1.1.1

Source : www.emapsfree.fr (The staff handbook –in French-)
Example : a welcome booklet in a company
2222.1.1.1.1 Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for communicatingmaps for communicatingmaps for communicatingmaps for communicating (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)
© www.emapsfree.fr
MapachievedwithMindGenius

2222.1.1.1.1
Example:abooksdatabase
Source : http://emapsfree.fr/bibliotheque-ideale/
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps forforforfor communicatingcommunicatingcommunicatingcommunicating (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)
Map achieved with MindManager© www.emapsfree.fr

Definition
A map for achieving is to be viewed in preparation of a project.
Applications
A few examples :
● Leisure activities (Travels, sport activities, etc.)
● Book-writing, essay-writing
● Project management (Personal & professional)
● DIY, electricity / plumbing work
● Etc.
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for achievingmaps for achievingmaps for achievingmaps for achieving (1/5)(1/5)(1/5)(1/5)2222.1.1.1.1

Example:preparingafamilytrip
2222.1.1.1.1
NB : Children's mind maps can enrich the whole
© www.emapsfree.fr Carte réalisée avec MindManager
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for achievingmaps for achievingmaps for achievingmaps for achieving (2/5)(2/5)(2/5)(2/5)
© www.emapsfree.fr

Example : internship report
Source : www.emapsfree.fr (Internship report –in French-)
2222.1.1.1.1 Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for achievingmaps for achievingmaps for achievingmaps for achieving (3/5)(3/5)(3/5)(3/5)
© www.emapsfree.fr Map achieved with MindGenius

2222.1.1.1.1
Example : a product launch map …
Source : www.matchware.com/fr
Map achieved with MindView
… that can be converted in a Gant diagram
Inspired from the website www.matchware.com

2222.1.1.1.1
Achieved with MindView
The Gant diagram
… that can be converted in a time line view

2222.1.1.1.1
Achieved with MindView
The time line

Definition
A map for learning is made of a formalized knowledge, in association with one
or more related fields. Its purpose, whether personal or for a group, is to acquire
new behaviours through favouring learning.
Remarks
● A map for learning is not a map to be memorized. We cannot learn without
memorizing (Integrated knowledge), but we can memorize without learning
(Non integrated knowledge).
● An emotion associated to a map for learning can facilitate its integration.
● The body rhythm associated to a map for learning can facilitate learning.
Applications
A few examples :
● The presentation about an author, a discipline, a subject.
● A summary of a course, a poem or a book / a text synthesis.
● Learning to change a behaviour (Eating better).
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for learningmaps for learningmaps for learningmaps for learning (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2222.1.1.1.1

Example : synthesis of a text
2222.1.1.1.1
Carte réalisée avec XMIND Inspired from the website www.idergie.com
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps forforforfor learninglearninglearninglearning (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)
The cicada, having sung
All summer long,
Found herself sorely deprived
When the north wind arrived.
Not a single morsel
Of fly or tiny worm.
She went to plead famine
At the house of the Ant her neighbor,
Praying her to lend her
Some grain to survive
Until the new season.
“I will pay you,” she said to her,
“Before August, on my honour as an animal,
Interest and principal.”
The Ant is not a lender;
That is the least of her faults.
“What were you doing in warm weather?”
She said to this borrower.
“- Night and day to all that came
I sang, if you please.”
“- You sang? I am very glad.
Well! Dance now.”
Jean de LA FONTAINE
Fables, livre I (1668)

Definition
A map for healing is a map addressing human aspects. The purpose is to bring
wellness.
Applications
A few examples :
● Personal development
● knowledge assessment (Being, doing, procedures, etc.)
● Coaching
● Personal appraisal
● Personal skills assessment
● Improvement/loss of memory
● Etc.
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: mapsmapsmapsmaps forforforfor healinghealinghealinghealing (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2222.1.1.1.1

Example:Aself-confidencemap
2222.1.1.1.1 Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: maps for healingmaps for healingmaps for healingmaps for healing (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)
© www.emapsfree.fr

What do you intend to do through drawing a map ?
Intentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa mapIntentionofa map: summary mapsummary mapsummary mapsummary map2222.1.1.1.1
© www.emapsfree.fr

2.12.12.12.1
With these 6 categories have we covered all the situations we
face when creating a map ?
Answer : Key outlines are given. However, as this field is still a research subject
matter, one could expect some adjustments going forward. From my side, things
are a little "settled", hence we are now waiting for reactions and suggestions from
the user community.
What other usage can we make of these categories ?
Answer : Apart from the intention, which we believe is necessary to ask when
creating a map, we think the classification of mind maps would be greatly
simplified if libraries on the web, but also the user communities, took into
account these categories.
IIIIntentionofantentionofantentionofantentionofa mapmapmapmap: FAQFAQFAQFAQ

ComplementaryComplementaryComplementaryComplementarynotionsnotionsnotionsnotions: presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation2.22.22.22.2
Our aim is to introduce in this chapter some complementary notions that are barely
mentioned in the current literature.
It is often as a result of observing nature and its mechanisms that findings have
arisen (Biomimicry). Therefore it is by using this analogy that we have approached
mind maps through finding inspiration in cognitive properties and behaviours. To
this effect we have adopted the following rules:
A neuron (Brain cell) is never isolated and dies if not solicited.
To live, a neuron must be connected to a context (Association principle).
From a cognitive point of view, only the number of connections matters.
Creating groups of connections is essential for learning.
The following pages are based on this approach through applying it to various
elements of Mind-mapping.

ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: about the centreabout the centreabout the centreabout the centre (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)2.22.22.22.2
By default, the creation of the centre is initiated by software and not by the user.
This automatic setting, far from helping, generates a misunderstanding, through
substituting the user in this founding stage. As a matter of fact, the sheet (of
paper) is like an infinite space that will be conquered by the user. To draw
a centre is manifesting the self-expression that will be conveyed from
branch to branch through keywords.
And if this conquest was cognitive ?
The centre as the starting point of a conquest

2.22.22.22.2
Some incoherences about the centre
ComplementaryComplementaryComplementaryComplementarynotionsnotionsnotionsnotions: about the centreabout the centreabout the centreabout the centre (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)
Not visible, unclear, unidentified Disproportionate and confusing

2.22.22.22.2
The meta-centre
We state as an axiom that any mindmap is itself a key word of one or many
mindmaps of higher level (Meta-mindmaps or meta-maps).
This axiom is particularly interesting as it leads to question, whilst doing a
map, whether the latter is part of another more encompassing category
(Example: a book --> a library/a List of books). Thus cognitively the map is no
more isolated but connected to other realities.
ComplementaryComplementaryComplementaryComplementarynotionsnotionsnotionsnotions: about the centreabout the centreabout the centreabout the centre (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)

ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: context of a mapcontext of a mapcontext of a mapcontext of a map (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.22.22.22.2
Definition :
The context is the support of a mind map. This is a conceptual notion that is in
practice a background picture.
It is often said that an image is worth a thousand words. This is what the
context is somehow, animating the map through exposing concepts that we
would otherwise struggle to convey. For example :
● Group cohesion (A group image)
● A company's values (A photo of the head office, the logo, etc.)
● School, college (A background like a spelling book page)
● Etc.
The context can also be seen as the signified of the map, namely what it is
reflective of.
NB : The context is a very important communication channel. Its ease of use
can be a decisive criterion when buying a software.

2.22.22.22.2
Application of the context
Without context With context (Milky way)
ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: context of a mapcontext of a mapcontext of a mapcontext of a map (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: mental linksmental linksmental linksmental links (1/4)(1/4)(1/4)(1/4)2.22.22.22.2
Definition
A mental link is an explicit connection between two keywords of a mind map,
not necessarily of the same level, to create and/or to develop a relation.
Example :
Rule
A mental link always has a label describing the purpose of the relationship.

2.22.22.22.2
A mental link is a mind map that has degenerated into a center (The label) and two
branches (Arrows).
NB : A mental link is not necessarily in a plane (It remains a projection). It can
also have branches used within the map.
ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: mental linksmental linksmental linksmental links (2/4)(2/4)(2/4)(2/4)

2.22.22.22.2
Application
A mental link may be required in the construction of a map when we see the
repetition of the same keyword in different branches.
Example : (See also p.49)
Map with a repeating keyword Substitution through a mental link
NB : In practice this type of substitution can be very tricky. Therefore it
matters to check that keywords have no other dependencies that could impact
the understanding of the map.

2.22.22.22.2
Mental links can easily generate a map network around a particular theme. We are
here in the image of a group of neurons.
Could it be that mental links are themselves connected
to other non visible maps ?

ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: the 3 cognitive processesthe 3 cognitive processesthe 3 cognitive processesthe 3 cognitive processes2.22.22.22.2
The three processes that underpin Mind-mapping can be described as follows :
A projective process :
Around a central theme the designer enhances his mind map with key
words (Signifier and/or signified) through a diffusing or radiant graphical
structure.
A reflexive process :
This is an analysis and thought process based on cognitive capabilities
(Associations, memorizations, experiences, etc.).
An awareness-raising process :
The two above processes turn in circle by a mirror effect, until an idea
emerges at another level of consciousness.
What is interesting in this approach is the disappearance of the support to the
benefit of a reflection about a theme. The energy embodied through the
creation of a map is no other than an object (Our thoughts' object) that we will
call "Mind-map object".

ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: vocabulary aspectsvocabulary aspectsvocabulary aspectsvocabulary aspects2.22.22.22.2
One of the major confusions about the vocabulary related to mind maps occurs
when there is a confusion between conceptual notions and their
projections. We therefore propose the following projection table.
NB : In Mind-mapping conceptual notions are to cognition what projection is to
graphical representation (the drawing of the map).
Cognitive field
Field of the graphical
representation
CONCEPTUAL NOTIONS PROJECTION
The self, the topic The centre
Associations Branches & images
Ideas Keywords
The context Background of the map

2.22.22.22.2
At an individual level you mention a conquest when drawing the
centre of a map. What can we say at a collective level ?
Answer : There are two aspects in your question.
● In the first aspect a group of people gathers around a map and starts drawing
the centre (Typical meeting case). This is a crucial stage because everyone gets
involved in the subject. From a certain point of view we could say that each
element of the group, hence each individual, will be a keyword for the map and
act as such. But very quickly it is the collective intelligence of the group
dedicated to the subject that will enable the conquest.
● In the second aspect we are in a brainstorming situation where the centre will
be found by iterations. No need to say that this search is an unavoidable stage.
ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: FAQFAQFAQFAQ(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)

2.22.22.22.2
Why is the meta-centre of a map important ?
Answer : The meta-centre is another mean to create connections, hence to
create groups of maps. This is an invitation for the designer of the map to put
things in perspective. We could also consider it’s like a zoom out enabling to
get a global picture, thus a better realization. Keep in mind that a map, like a
neuron, must be connected to a context !
A mental link is a map, but can it degenerate into an oriented
arrow ?
Answer : Representing a link as an arrow does not jeopardize the idea that it
is only the visible part of a map. These are for me graphical representation
conveniences.
ComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotionsComplementarynotions: FAQFAQFAQFAQ(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.32.32.32.3
Trainer
Beginner
Expert
I know
Mind-mapping
My positioning ?
I know
Mind-mapping
I know
Mind-mapping
Software
editor
I know
Mind-mapping
What do I mean when I say that I know mind-mapping ?
(What is my maturity level ?)

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)2.32.32.32.3
What is positioning ?
The 5 parameters
Positioning is composed of the 5 following parameters :
● Skills : expertise, experience.
● Knowledge : knowledge of the topic and related topics.
● Consciousness : state of mind at every stage of the model.
● Behaviour : attitude conditioned by a set of rules.
● Body : feeling, emotions, etc.

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: searching for a modelsearching for a modelsearching for a modelsearching for a model2.32.32.32.3
Objectives
The model must meet the following objectives :
● To favour communication/understanding between users.
● To review our knowledge and skills.
● To provide improvement prospects.
● To allow an individual and collective positioning.
Constraints
To encompass and to give a meaning to the following limiting statements :
● To use a software = to know Mind-mapping
● To create/draw a map = to know Mind-mapping
● To write a book = to know Mind-mapping

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: maturity scalesmaturity scalesmaturity scalesmaturity scales (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.32.32.32.3
NB : A maturity scale does not mean judgment but positioning !
Two types of scales
A scale for people
A scale for groups (Organizations)

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: maturity scalesmaturity scalesmaturity scalesmaturity scales (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)2.32.32.32.3
Remarks
● There are no judgment or labels associated with these maturity scales.
● Each level is an essential contribution to the development of Mind-mapping.
● Whatever the experience, positioning is never final.
● There is no notion of time associated with each level.
● A person may have a different positioning depending on whether it is in an
individual or business context.
● Features of levels 1, 2 and 3 apply both to organizations and individuals.
● Each level induces a state of mind and a different feeling.
● Processes of transition from one level to another are not described.
● This model is still at a development stage.

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: level 0level 0level 0level 02.32.32.32.3
Information basic mapping
This level refers to the information basic mapping, but also to the
discovery of Mind-mapping, its potential and its effects. This is a beginner
level that can be characterized as follows :
● Rules for building up maps are not or little respected
● The map is barely understandable (Graphic charter, addressee, etc.)
● Maps can be hand drawn, sometimes for artistic purposes
● Self-training is done via free softwares (Xmind, Freemind)
● Some maps are produced with drawing softwares (Ex.: Edraw)
● Creations achieved are not reusable or communicable
● There is no consciousness of the link between the maps and biomimicry
● Created maps are not connected to a global thematic
● The intention of the map is not clear or not expressed
Orange colourOrange colourOrange colourOrange colour :
NB : This level cannot be applied to organizations (Cf. p.81)

Maturitymodel:Maturitymodel:Maturitymodel:Maturitymodel: level 1level 1level 1level 12.32.32.32.3
Structuration and sharing of information
This level is the beginning of structuration and sharing of information but locally.
It corresponds at the individual level to the initiation and at a group level to the
practitioner. It can be characterized as follows:
● Mind-mapping is perceived by the organization as a tool
● The training is software-oriented not mind-mapping-oriented
● This is the beginning of collaborative sharing
● Map building rules and conventions are put in place
● Map reference documents do not exist
● Map models or interfaces are not or barely used
● Mind Map-based projects are not common
● Project Management based on this type of approach remains local
● No continuous improvement process in place (Moving up to level 2 is impossible)
● Mind-mapping is not the organization's policy
Green colourGreen colourGreen colourGreen colour :

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: level 2level 2level 2level 22.32.32.32.3
Blue colourBlue colourBlue colourBlue colour :
Valorisation of individual and collective richness
This level sets the valorisation of individual and collective richness. The individual
or the organization have reached the confirmed level in the mind mapping
approach that we can characterized as follows:
● Mind mapping is a part of the organization's policy
● Reviews of the benefits drawn from using Mind-mapping are highlighted
● Multi-map-based projects are systematized
● Level 2 mind mapping training is service and collaboration oriented
● The approach is encouraged to stimulate creativity and innovation
● Templates and interfaces are created and shared via reference documents
● Through integrating simplicity, map building rules are mastered
● Maps are thus not isolated with regard to their thematic (Biomimicry)
● Knowledge is mapped (Audit + meta-documents)
NB : Some organizations are at this level in term of functioning.

ModèledematuritéModèledematuritéModèledematuritéModèledematurité: level 3level 3level 3level 32.32.32.32.3
A global, visible and consistent vision
This is the mastery level of mind mapping that can be characterized as follows :
● Map designers can offer consulting missions.
● Development of applications, using MM for personal purpose or for organizations.
● Information exchange interfaces are done through maps.
● The designer of the map possesses a global and consistent vision of Mind-mapping.
● Internal and external service offers are created and proposed.
● The organization makes their clients benefit from Mind-mapping's added value.
● The continuous improvement process is systematized.
● Mastery of colour and its effects.
● Mastery of architectures (BD, telephony, notepads, collaborative platforms).
● The designer of the map does not necessarily need a support anymore.
Purple colourPurple colourPurple colourPurple colour :
NB : We don't know organizations at this level !

MaturityMaturityMaturityMaturitymodelmodelmodelmodel: summarysummarysummarysummary mapmapmapmap2.32.32.32.3
Maps achieved with MindManager
© www.emapsfree.fr

MaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodelMaturitymodel: FAQFAQFAQFAQ (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)2.32.32.32.3
Why does level zero not exist for organizations?
Answer : This is above all for political reasons ! We consider that a software and a
training are necessary to put in place Mind-mapping within an organization. This
does not mean that at individual level a collaborator cannot draw maps.
Despite many years of expertise I may still draw maps manually.
Does this mean that I am at level zero ?
Answer : Every hand drawn map locates you automatically at level 0. But does it
matter ? What matters is your need at a given point in time ! However if you wish
to change level, it is important to consider other practices/methods. For example
we could imagine that you create your maps mentally, which I admit, requires
some practice. From our point of view visual memory and hearing memory
should collaborate. Moreover, Mind-mapping is not an end in itself but one
means amongst others.

MaturityMaturityMaturityMaturitymodelmodelmodelmodel: FAQFAQFAQFAQ (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)2.32.32.32.3
Why this scale is necessary ?
Answer : Beside the benefits we have mentioned, we notice the emergence of
new jobs related to Mind-mapping such as :
● visual facilitators,
● knowledge transfer consultants,
● information cartographers,
● specialized trainers in service offering (Working methods, etc.),
● etc.
If such a scale did not exist there would be no legitimacy for such professional
activities. Consequently everyone could offer services around Mind- mapping. But
this is not the case. First of all because several years of experience are necessary
to talk about the subject, secondly, Mind-mapping on its own means nothing as it
generally is associated to other jobs such as : coaching, audit, animation, that it
adds value to.

Chapter IIIChapter IIIChapter IIIChapter III – practicepracticepracticepractice
“A mind map is not an end in itself. What is important are the
cognitive processes that have led to its achievement.”
Philippe PACKU

BasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrules: example of inconsistent mapexample of inconsistent mapexample of inconsistent mapexample of inconsistent map (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.13.13.13.1
Look at this map ! …
… what do you think about it ?

3.13.13.13.1
Now, could you answer the following questions ?
● What is the theme of this map ? …………………………………………………….……………….
● Does the map look well-built (Respecting rules) ? …………………..………………....………
● What is the context of this map ? …………………………………………….……………..……
● Do you feel willing to use it or pass it on ? …………….……………………………………....
● What do you think the intention of the map is ? ……..……………………………..……
● Could we connect this map to another one ? ………….……………………………………..
● Where to position this map in our maturity model ? …………..……………………….
Conclusion
I feel we probably agree to say that it is difficult to use this map. The problem is
that thousands of maps like this one exist on the web, hence contributing to
generate a harmful pollution to mind mapping development.
It might be useful to remind some rules...
BasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrules: example of inconsistent mapexample of inconsistent mapexample of inconsistent mapexample of inconsistent map (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

BasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrules: … according to Tony BUZAN… according to Tony BUZAN… according to Tony BUZAN… according to Tony BUZAN (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.13.13.13.1
Tony BUZAN (Cf. [1]) reminds us that mind mapping rules are split into technical rules
and presentation rules.
Technical rules
They include :
● Enhancement
Using a central picture to attract attention
Using at least 3 colours for the centre
Using images in all maps
Using different colours for the branches
Using different font sizes in term of branches’ levels
Managing the space in order to enhance the aesthetic look
● Association
Using mental links to connect keywords within branches
Using colours and codes

3.13.13.13.1
● Clarity
Writing only one single keyword per line
Writing all words
Drawing lines with same length than words
Drawing central lines thicker than others
● Personal style improvement
Each map is better developed than the previous one (The « 1+ » rule)
Presentation rules
They include :
● Hierarchy and categorization of ideas
● Numerical classification
Chronology of ideas
Importance order
But are these rules sufficient ?
BasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrules: … according to Tony BUZAN… according to Tony BUZAN… according to Tony BUZAN… according to Tony BUZAN (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

BasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrulesBasicrules: some conceptual rulessome conceptual rulessome conceptual rulessome conceptual rules3.13.13.13.1
Graphical possibilities from commercial softwares allow for conceptual aberrations.
It looks to us important to remind below some principles :
Every map only possesses a unique and single visible centre
The branches of a map are always visible (This rule has nothing to do with
the possibility to fold or unfold a map)
A mental link is always documented (Via the wording)
A floating keyword or a floating image are a mind map's information
elements. To this effect they are linked to the centre itself when no branch
is visible.
Due to the radiating aspect of the map there is no particular reading
direction of the map; neither from left to right or right to left.
Only because of software-related constraints or personal considerations can
lead us to read clockwise.

PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation3.23.23.23.2
Drawing a map does not only mobilize cognitive capacities but also our eyes, our
hands and therefore the whole body. Funnily enough, this relationship to
considering things as a whole is little covered in most publications about mind
mapping. Consequently the map designer and his life balance disappear entirely
from the approach.
In response to this fact we have introduced the notion of personal ecology;
a preliminary stage in the build up of a map which will underpin our build up
methodology. Our presentation thus aims at meeting the following objectives :
Objectives
● Presenting life balance parameters and how they relate to mind maps
● Explaining the importance of water and its role in mind mapping
● Introducing Brain gym® as a preliminary technic to creation
And beforehand let us talk about the brain ?

PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: general points about the braingeneral points about the braingeneral points about the braingeneral points about the brain3.23.23.23.2
Due to the place it takes and the interest it increasingly attracts, we summarize
below some general points about the brain :
It only accounts for 2% of an adult's body weight.
It alone consumes 20% of the body’s total energetic resources.
It cannot activate more than 2% of its neurons simultaneously.
It cannot sustain more than 5’ without oxygen without risking serious lesion.
It is made of 90% water that it crucially needs.
It needs oxygen to enable our cognition to function (Among others).
It is built up to learn during the whole of our life.
It is neuro-social (Need to be connected to others).
It atrophies if it is not used: « Use it or lose it ».
It always works including during the night.
Its weight does not reflect its intellectual capacities.
It restructures itself during its entire lifetime (Neuroplasticity).
It creates new neurons regularly (Neurogenesis).

PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: the brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mind----mappingmappingmappingmapping (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.23.23.23.2
Given that our approach is biomimicry-based, why not using the brain's mechanism
to help us designing maps ?
Nature likes abundance
For infants the number of connections (Synapses) considerably increases until
the end of the first year. His genetic programs generates abundance. However,
his life conditions will sort, hence leading to an important loss of neurons and
synapses afterwards.
With Mind mapping it can be more interesting to create more branches and
keywords even if in the end we may eliminate part of them.

3.23.23.23.2
D.Hebb rule
Donald Hebb highlighted the following points :
● The brain links all information it perceives to other information (Association).
● Sollicitating one single element can trigger the whole network.
● We can never learn a thing in isolation.
Regarding mind mapping we can use these principles following two axes :
● Associate an emotion to key words, or a map, to reactivate the whole
memory.
● Link as much as possible a map's subject to knowledge and/or experiences
and/or people.
PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: the brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mindthe brain and Mind----mappingmappingmappingmapping (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: a balanced lifea balanced lifea balanced lifea balanced life (1/3)(1/3)(1/3)(1/3)3.23.23.23.2
From our point of view we can define the personal ecology notion by 4 criteria
playing a role in our daily life balance :
Sleep
Activities
Food
Water
Through their importance they will influence our creativity, hence the creation of
our maps. Not being concerned about it is losing efficiency.
© www.emapsfree.fr

3.23.23.23.2
It would need several books to treat this subject. However our attention is focused
on two points that look to us essential because they can largely contribute to
improve map creation.
Water
Not only water is essential to our lymphatic system, but it also possesses other
qualities :
● It enables to reduce stress, which can be useful for exams.
● It favours emotional calm.
● It stimulates cognitive functions (Improvement of concentration).
● It enables a better storage of information.
● It improves mental and physical coordination.
Of course we cannot substitute other drinks to it because that will be interpreted
as food by the body (Tea, coffee, etc.).
Shall we drink water before creating a map ?
Source : Cf. [7] « Brain Gym » Paul & Gail DENNISSON – 2010
PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: a balanced lifea balanced lifea balanced lifea balanced life (2/3)(2/3)(2/3)(2/3)

3.23.23.23.2
Brain Gym®
Paul Dennisson, doctor in education science, is a pioneer in the field of education
through movement. With his wife Gail, they set up a kinesthetic education
method back in 1986 based on 26 movements they called : Brain Gym®.
This method which implies the whole body enables:
● Increasing coordination between eyes and hands
● Favouring focus and thus increasing attention
● Re-balancing both cerebral hemispheres (Conjoint work)
● Improving auditory and mnesic skills
● Facilitating learning in general
When applied to mind-mapping we noticed a greater facility to build up maps
following a 10 minutes Brain Gym® session (*). But is it a surprise ? A big
advantage of this method is that it is accessible to all whatever the age.
(*) : This is a personal observation.
PersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecologyPersonalecology: a balanced lifea balanced lifea balanced lifea balanced life (3/3)(3/3)(3/3)(3/3)

3.23.23.23.2
Why references to the two brain's hemispheres are not present in
your document ?
Answer : The fact that Mind-mapping (MM) makes both cerebral hemispheres
working jointly, each described by their functionality, has been covered by
numerous books and publications but no scientific evidence of it has ever been
shown. This may be true but to our knowledge no serious study based on fMRI (*)
has been conducted to confirm this say.
However we believe the strength of mind mapping lies elsewhere. As a matter of
fact and given our cerebral dominance (CD) we face difficulties as soon as we try
to communicate (For example: someone with a right CD meets someone with a left CD). In
practice we note that these problems disappear when these people collaborate to
the creation of a map. Communication reweaves with MM where oral
communication failed.
EEEEcologiepersonnellecologiepersonnellecologiepersonnellecologiepersonnelle: FAQFAQFAQFAQ
(*) : functional magnetic resonance imaging

BuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodology: presentationpresentationpresentationpresentation3.33.33.33.3
Introducing the intention of a map naturally involves to include the Mind-mapping
approach within a construction methodology. Although it may look like an additional
constraint, it, to the contrary, brings many advantages including giving a rhythm to
a map construction.
Avantages
● Sharing the same references
● Facilitating the same communication
● Proposing suggestions during construction
● Lumping together within the same method all elements presented
● Favouring a better understanding of maps
● Introducing a 3-stage construction cycle
● Extending used graphical components' possibilities...
… of which the legend… of which the legend… of which the legend… of which the legend

BuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodology: the legendthe legendthe legendthe legend3.33.33.33.3
A legend is not always present when creating a map. We give below some
possible leads to make one.
Creating a legend is selecting a floating subject to which some key words will be
added, but not just this ! Because it can also be the place to create links, to
document or enrich the map with video and sound files. A legend increases a
map's potentiality.
What if a legend was only a map's keyword ?

BuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodology: the cyclethe cyclethe cyclethe cycle (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)3.33.33.33.3
Our methodology is split in 3 stages within a same cycle:
Before : preparation, blank leaf (and brain empty)
● This is a stage where we will put the intention of the map
● It is also the time to forget all other maps done
● It is the adequate time for personal ecology (Drink water, Brain Gym®)
During : creation, formulation
● This is a stage to set up rules (Basic and conceptual)
● This is also the time to organize into a hierarchy the first level key words
● This is the adequate time for reflection and creativity
After : rationalisation
● This is a stage of optimization through adding and deleting keywords
● This is also the time to put a legend
● This is the adequate time to connect the map to another (Virtual or not)

BuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodology: the cyclethe cyclethe cyclethe cycle (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)3.33.33.33.3
The method can be summarized as follows :
The sequences between the various stages are not necessarily continuous and can
occur over time.
NB : Forgetting other maps means that we give free rein to our creativity
through moving away from preconceived standards and codifications.

BuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodologyBuildupmethodology: FAQFAQFAQFAQ3.33.33.33.3
Is Mind mapping a tool, an approach, a method or a discipline ?
Answer : Thank you for this question which brings about a lot of
misunderstandings between experts. For some it might be easier and reassuring
in their speech to talk about softwares. For others their experience goes far
beyond the simple use of a software, and it can be normal to consider Mind-
mapping as a method. Tony Buzan, to our point of view, talked about an
approach, and after considering our relation to information, we rather see it as a
lifestyle.

At an individual level
● Increases the value of human (Visualization of knowledge, efficiency, etc.).
● Gives back confidence (Save time, diminution of tiredness, etc.).
● Increases creativity (Generation and structuration of ideas).
● Stimulates cognitive activities.
● Facilitates the acquisition of knowledge.
At a collective level
● Increases the value of collaboration (Knowledge base, people).
● Gives back a sense of sharing (Law of exchange: give and receive).
● Makes knowledge accessible.
● Increases projects' and organizations 'dynamics.
● Increases the level of consciousness of a team.
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions: maps’ benefitsmaps’ benefitsmaps’ benefitsmaps’ benefits

[1] The Mind Map Book : Unlock Your Creativity, …
● Author : Tony BUZAN
● ISBN : 978-1406647167
● Publisher : BBC Active; 1 edition (2009)
[2] Mind Maps for Business
● Author : Tony BUZAN
● ISBN : 978 2 10052 591 1
● Publisher : BBC Active; 1 edition (14 Dec 2009)
[3] Idea mapping
● Author : Jamie NAST
● ISBN : 978-0471788621
● Publisher : John Wiley & Sons Inc (2006)
[4] The laws of simplicity
● Author : John MAEDA
● ISBN : 978-0262134729
● Publisher : MIT Press (4 Aug 2006)
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions: selective bibliographyselective bibliographyselective bibliographyselective bibliography (1/2)(1/2)(1/2)(1/2)

[5] Six Thinking Hats
● Author : Edward DE BONO
● ISBN : 978-0316178310
● Publisher : Back Bay Books (1999)
[6] Serious Creativity
● Author : Edward DE BONO
● ISBN : 978-0006379584
● Publisher : HarperCollins; (Reissue) edition (1995)
[7] Brain Gym® Teacher’s Edition
● Author : Paul et Gail DENNISSON
● ISBN : 978-0942143027
● Publisher : Edu-Kinesthetics Inc; Revised edition edition (2010)
[8] Smart Moves : why learning is not all in your head
● Author : Dr Carla HANNAFORD
● ISBN : 978-0915556373
● Publisher : Great Ocean Publishers,U.S.; 2nd edition (2005)
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions: selective bibliographyselective bibliographyselective bibliographyselective bibliography (2/2)(2/2)(2/2)(2/2)

What is the purpose of mind mapping ?
Answer : The important question. From our point of view : Mind mapping
facilitates an individual and collective awareness through letting emerging
inner resources.
This aim makes sense if the map disappears from consciousness, but only to be
reborn. To some extent a map is like a phoenix to the service of awareness.
Can you tell us a bit more about this latter point ?
Answer : if one wants to surprise and develop one's creativity, it looks important
to avoid taking the same neuronal "motorways". It therefore is better to look for
inspiration elsewhere than from previous achievements. It is therefore necessary
to forget. In this sense a map must die to be born again in a different form, hence
facilitating awareness but at a new level. Starting from your own ashes (Forgotten
map), or from already existing ashes (Various inspirations, other maps, etc.) can make
the Phoenix arise (The new map).
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusionsConclusions: interview with the authorinterview with the authorinterview with the authorinterview with the author (1/4)(1/4)(1/4)(1/4)

Do you predict the end of great libraries of maps ?
Answer : To the contrary, we notice numbers of passionate individuals who
propose maps that help them. This means that the maps disappear from their
eyes. What is not said is the awareness they got through doing these maps.
These maps will now serve as basis for other people, hence will be born again to
facilitate another awareness. We see here a big chain of solidarity.
Do you mean that there is no interest in displaying a map ?
Answer : It depends on the intention of the map. For you it may make sense but
if you wish to give it to everyone we then fall into a new issue. As a matter of fact
a map which is read by someone who has not done it is far less efficient from a
cognitive aspect. It is typically the difficulty encountered with communication
maps that demand a huge conceptual effort.

There is increasingly more talk about collective intelligence using
Mind-mapping. What do you think about it ?
Answer : We do not feel comfortable using the term collective intelligence, but
would rather talk about collaborative or cooperative intelligence. In this field it is
important to remain cautious as nothing can be sure as far as sharing knowledge
is concerned. If mind mapping is a paradigm shift, collaborative intelligence is
another one because it requires prerequisites that involve changes at individual
and/or collective level. Also we think that collective intelligence is only the result
of collaborative or cooperative intelligence. Yet, Collaborative mind mapping has
its place in this approach because a map is like a neuron. For that matter
softwares have been quick to exploit this possibility through platforms, which
makes sense as connecting knowledge/information and connecting neurons is
very similar.

Whether hand drawn or done via a software, a mind map should
remain a never ending pleasure inviting creativity.
Jean-Pascal CÔTE
(www.drawmeanidea.com)

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