Globalizing Your Java Application Intertech’s Oxygen Blast Series September 2009

Introduction Jason S. Shapiro – http://decoupledmusings.blogspot.com ~15 Years Professional Software Development and Architecture Experience Master of Science in Software Engineering Sun Certified Java Programmer & Web Component Developer Patent: “Web Portal Layout Manager System and Method”

Jason S. Shapiro – http://decoupledmusings.blogspot.com

~15 Years Professional Software Development and Architecture Experience

Master of Science in Software Engineering

Sun Certified Java Programmer & Web Component Developer

Patent: “Web Portal Layout Manager System and Method”

Agenda Globalization: Definition & Terms Project Stages Internationalization Localization Testing Internationalization Locales Content Resource Bundles Collation GUI Considerations

Globalization: Definition & Terms

Project Stages

Internationalization

Localization

Testing

Internationalization

Locales

Content

Resource Bundles

Collation

GUI Considerations

Agenda Internationalization (continued) Character Encoding 3 rd Party Tools Localization Submitting Resource Bundles Words vs. Context Testing Questions / Open Discussion

Internationalization (continued)

Character Encoding

3 rd Party Tools

Localization

Submitting Resource Bundles

Words vs. Context

Testing

Questions / Open Discussion

Available On Line Slides http://www.intertech.com/downloads/o2-i18n.pptx

Slides

http://www.intertech.com/downloads/o2-i18n.pptx

Globalization: Definition & Terms Globalization, in the context of software, denotes that an application has been Internationalized and Localized Internationalization (i18n) i18n – There are 18 letters in between the first ‘I’ and the final ‘N’ in the word “Internationalization” This is the process of removing hard coded regional specific information from an application. Localization (l10n) l10n – There are 10 letters in between the first ‘L’ and the final ‘N’ in the word “Localization.”

Globalization, in the context of software, denotes that an application has been Internationalized and Localized

Internationalization (i18n)

i18n – There are 18 letters in between the first ‘I’ and the final ‘N’ in the word “Internationalization”

This is the process of removing hard coded regional specific information from an application.

Localization (l10n)

l10n – There are 10 letters in between the first ‘L’ and the final ‘N’ in the word “Localization.”

Globalization: Definition & Terms Localization (l10n) - continued This is the process of creating a set of resources (text, images, etc.) that are regionally based, and loaded into an Internationalized application.

Localization (l10n) - continued

This is the process of creating a set of resources (text, images, etc.) that are regionally based, and loaded into an Internationalized application.

Project Stages Internationalization Create documentation for translation services Localization Testing

Internationalization

Create documentation for translation services

Localization Testing

Internationalization (i18n) Identify content that should change depending on a user’s region. Remove this content and place them into external resources Use API methods to delegate the lookup and rendering of this content until runtime. Internationalization does not mean your application supports more than one region – it means that all hard coded regional information has been extracted, and thus the source code does not need to be modified in order to support additional regions.

Identify content that should change depending on a user’s region.

Remove this content and place them into external resources

Use API methods to delegate the lookup and rendering of this content until runtime.

Internationalization does not mean your application supports more than one region – it means that all hard coded regional information has been extracted, and thus the source code does not need to be modified in order to support additional regions.

i18n: Locales A “Locale” is a Java object that represents various types of information for a user or machine. This object is passed into internationalized components and used to make decisions about what type of material should be selected and displayed. A locale can be built with three different properties: A language A country A variant

A “Locale” is a Java object that represents various types of information for a user or machine.

This object is passed into internationalized components and used to make decisions about what type of material should be selected and displayed.

A locale can be built with three different properties:

A language

A country

A variant

i18n: Locales Language This is what people typically think of a locale representing. Initialized with the lowercase, two letter, ISO-639-1 language code. Language code examples: en = English de = German es = Spanish There is a newer, three letter standard, known as ISO-639-2, but for compatibility with older components, it’s best to stick with the two letter standard/ A list of current language codes (both 2 and 3 letter versions) can be found at: http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php

Language

This is what people typically think of a locale representing.

Initialized with the lowercase, two letter, ISO-639-1 language code.

Language code examples:

en = English

de = German

es = Spanish

There is a newer, three letter standard, known as ISO-639-2, but for compatibility with older components, it’s best to stick with the two letter standard/

A list of current language codes (both 2 and 3 letter versions) can be found at: http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/English_list.php

i18n: Locales Country Initialized with an uppercase, two letter, ISO-3166 language code. Country code examples: US = United States CA = Canada IN= India A list of current country codes can be found at: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/english_country_names_and_code_elements.htm

Country

Initialized with an uppercase, two letter, ISO-3166 language code.

Country code examples:

US = United States

CA = Canada

IN= India

A list of current country codes can be found at: http://www.iso.org/iso/country_codes/iso_3166_code_lists/english_country_names_and_code_elements.htm

i18n: Locales Variant A way to further differentiate the region or user for specialized displays This is an arbitrary String of your choice – no ISO standards are required Some common examples Differentiating between Windows (WIN) and Macintosh Users (MAC) Add unique branding for different clients by specifying their company name (INTERTECH)

Variant

A way to further differentiate the region or user for specialized displays

This is an arbitrary String of your choice – no ISO standards are required

Some common examples

Differentiating between Windows (WIN) and Macintosh Users (MAC)

Add unique branding for different clients by specifying their company name (INTERTECH)

i18n: Locales Out of these three properties, the following combinations are possible: A locale with only the language code A locale with a language and a geographical area code A locale with a language, a geographical area, and a variant code. As such the java.util.Locale class provides the following three constructors: Locale( String language ); Locale( String language, String country ); Locale( String language, String country, String variant );

Out of these three properties, the following combinations are possible:

A locale with only the language code

A locale with a language and a geographical area code

A locale with a language, a geographical area, and a variant code.

As such the java.util.Locale class provides the following three constructors:

Locale( String language );

Locale( String language, String country );

Locale( String language, String country, String variant );

i18n: Locales In addition, the java.util.Locale class provides many static properties that are pre-configured Locale language or country objects: Locale.FRENCH // language Locale.FRANCE // country Locale.GERMAN // language Locale.GERMANY // country

In addition, the java.util.Locale class provides many static properties that are pre-configured Locale language or country objects:

Locale.FRENCH // language

Locale.FRANCE // country

Locale.GERMAN // language

Locale.GERMANY // country

i18n: Locales Using Locale Objects Locale objects are created strictly to represent regions, and don’t provide any specific translation or related functionality Their actual usage is up to the developers of the libraries you are leveraging. Typical use-case scenarios A date is formatted for a specific region, by passing a Locale object into a Time/Date formatters A resource bundle is selected, containing text and images, based on a Locale Sorting and searching is executed in a manner that reflects the rules of a region, by configuring a Collator with a Locale object.

Using Locale Objects

Locale objects are created strictly to represent regions, and don’t provide any specific translation or related functionality

Their actual usage is up to the developers of the libraries you are leveraging.

Typical use-case scenarios

A date is formatted for a specific region, by passing a Locale object into a Time/Date formatters

A resource bundle is selected, containing text and images, based on a Locale

Sorting and searching is executed in a manner that reflects the rules of a region, by configuring a Collator with a Locale object.

i18n: Content Now that it has been established that Locales are used by other libraries, let’s focus on the types of information and functionality they provide: Text Language Selection Sorting & Searching Text Direction Word and Sentence Boundaries

Now that it has been established that Locales are used by other libraries, let’s focus on the types of information and functionality they provide:

Text

Language Selection

Sorting & Searching

Text Direction

Word and Sentence Boundaries

i18n: Content Numbers / Currency Characters Groupings and Delimiters 481,516.23 vs. 481.516,23 vs. 481 516,23 Symbols Images

Numbers / Currency

Characters

Groupings and Delimiters

481,516.23 vs. 481.516,23 vs. 481 516,23

Symbols

Images

i18n: Content Dates / Times Language Regional specific names of a month Formats MM/DD/YYYY vs DD/MM/YYYY Delimiter 7/24/2009 vs 4-JUL-09 Regional Calendars Western Gregorian Calendar: September 10, 2009 Hebrew Calendar: Elul 21, 5769 First Day of the Week England : Sunday France : Monday

Dates / Times

Language

Regional specific names of a month

Formats

MM/DD/YYYY vs DD/MM/YYYY

Delimiter

7/24/2009 vs 4-JUL-09

Regional Calendars

Western Gregorian Calendar: September 10, 2009

Hebrew Calendar: Elul 21, 5769

First Day of the Week

England : Sunday

France : Monday

i18n: Content Calendar Formatter Example import java.text.DateFormat; import java.util.*; public class CalendarExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Locale myLocale = new Locale(args[0]); Calendar myCal = Calendar. getInstance(myLocale); DateFormat formatter = DateFormat. getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL, DateFormat. FULL, myLocale); System. out.println("Locale is: " + myLocale.getLanguage()); System. out.println(formatter.format(myCal.getTime())); } }

Calendar Formatter Example

import java.text.DateFormat;

import java.util.*;

public class CalendarExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale myLocale = new Locale(args[0]);

Calendar myCal = Calendar. getInstance(myLocale);

DateFormat formatter = DateFormat. getDateTimeInstance(DateFormat.FULL,

DateFormat. FULL, myLocale);

System. out.println("Locale is: " + myLocale.getLanguage());

System. out.println(formatter.format(myCal.getTime()));

}

}

i18n: Content Number Formatter Example import java.text.NumberFormat; import java.util.Locale; public class NumberFormatExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Locale myLocale = new Locale(args[0]); NumberFormat formatter = NumberFormat. getNumberInstance(myLocale); System. out.println("Locale: " + myLocale.toString()); System. out.println(formatter.format(123456)); System. out.println(formatter.format(123456.78)); } }

Number Formatter Example

import java.text.NumberFormat;

import java.util.Locale;

public class NumberFormatExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale myLocale = new Locale(args[0]);

NumberFormat formatter = NumberFormat. getNumberInstance(myLocale);

System. out.println("Locale: " + myLocale.toString());

System. out.println(formatter.format(123456));

System. out.println(formatter.format(123456.78));

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles Can either be a Java Class or a Property File Naming Conventions BaseName + locale BaseName_language_COUNTRY_Variant BaseName_language_COUNTRY BaseName_language

Can either be a Java Class or a Property File

Naming Conventions

BaseName + locale

BaseName_language_COUNTRY_Variant

BaseName_language_COUNTRY

BaseName_language

i18n: Resource Bundles Three Different Types of Resource Bundles Class that extends java.util.ResouceBundle Must override getKeys() and handleGetObject() methods or be declared as abstract Used when text needs to come from data source other than a text file (i.e. database, webservice, etc.) Property Resource Bundles Typical implementation – No need to override ResourceBundle, just create a property file with the same naming pattern as above, but ends with the “.properties” extension. ListResourceBundle Can return any type of object Often used for localized images

Three Different Types of Resource Bundles

Class that extends java.util.ResouceBundle

Must override getKeys() and handleGetObject() methods or be declared as abstract

Used when text needs to come from data source other than a text file (i.e. database, webservice, etc.)

Property Resource Bundles

Typical implementation –

No need to override ResourceBundle, just create a property file with the same naming pattern as above, but ends with the “.properties” extension.

ListResourceBundle

Can return any type of object

Often used for localized images

i18n: Resource Bundles – Class Example import java.util.Enumeration; import java.util.Locale; import java.util.ResourceBundle; import java.util.StringTokenizer; public abstract class ResourceBundleExample extends ResourceBundle { private StringTokenizer st = new StringTokenizer("username password"); @Override public Enumeration getKeys() { return st; } }

i18n: Resource Bundles – Class Example public class ResourceBundleExample_en extends ResourceBundleExample { @Override protected Object handleGetObject(String key) { String msg = null; if ("username".equals(key)) { msg = "Username"; } else if ("password".equals(key)) { msg = "Password"; } else if ("submit".equals(key)) { msg = "Submit"; } return msg; } }

public class ResourceBundleExample_en extends ResourceBundleExample {

@Override

protected Object handleGetObject(String key) {

String msg = null;

if ("username".equals(key)) {

msg = "Username";

} else if ("password".equals(key)) {

msg = "Password";

} else if ("submit".equals(key)) {

msg = "Submit";

}

return msg;

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles – Class Example public class ResourceBundleExample_fr extends ResourceBundleExample { @Override protected Object handleGetObject(String key) { String msg = null; if ("username".equals(key)) { msg = "Nom d'utilisateur"; } else if ("password".equals(key)) { msg = "Mot de passe"; } return msg; } }

public class ResourceBundleExample_fr extends ResourceBundleExample {

@Override

protected Object handleGetObject(String key) {

String msg = null;

if ("username".equals(key)) {

msg = "Nom d'utilisateur";

} else if ("password".equals(key)) {

msg = "Mot de passe";

}

return msg;

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles – Class Example import java.util.Locale; import java.util.ResourceBundle; public class ResourceBundleTester { public static void main(String[] args) { Locale locale = new Locale(args[0]); ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle. getBundle( "ResourceBundleExample", locale); System. out.println("Locale: " + locale.getLanguage()); System. out.println(bundle.getString("username")); System. out.println(bundle.getString("password")) } }

import java.util.Locale;

import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class ResourceBundleTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale locale = new Locale(args[0]);

ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle. getBundle(

"ResourceBundleExample", locale);

System. out.println("Locale: " + locale.getLanguage());

System. out.println(bundle.getString("username"));

System. out.println(bundle.getString("password"))

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles – Property File Example # PropertyFileExample_en.properties username= Username (prop file) password= Password (prop file) # PropertyFileExample_fr.properties username= Nom d'utilisateur (prop file) password= Mot de passe (prop file)

i18n: Resource Bundles – Property File Example import java.util.Locale; import java.util.ResourceBundle; public class PropertyFileTester { public static void main(String[] args) { Locale locale = new Locale(args[0]); ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle. getBundle( "PropertyFileExample", locale); System. out.println("Locale: " + locale.getLanguage()); System. out.println(bundle.getString("username")); System. out.println(bundle.getString("password")); } }

import java.util.Locale;

import java.util.ResourceBundle;

public class PropertyFileTester {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale locale = new Locale(args[0]);

ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle. getBundle(

"PropertyFileExample", locale);

System. out.println("Locale: " + locale.getLanguage());

System. out.println(bundle.getString("username"));

System. out.println(bundle.getString("password"));

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles – Parameter Example # PropertyFileExample_en.properties username= Username : {0} - {1,date,long} password= Password : {0} - {1,date,long} # PropertyFileExample_fr.properties username= {0} (Nom d''utilisateur) - {1,date,long} password= {0} (Mot de passe) - {1,date,long}

i18n: Resource Bundles – Parameter Example MessageFormat parameters Time or Date : short, medium, long, full, pattern Number: integer, currency, percent, pattern Date Examples Short = 7.9.98 Medium = Jul 9, 1998 Long = July 9, 1998 Full = July 9, 1998 AD

i18n: Resource Bundles – Parameter Example import java.text.MessageFormat; import java.util.*; public class MessageParameterExample { public static void main(String[] args) { Locale locale = new Locale(args[0]); ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle. getBundle( "MessageParameterExample", locale); System. out.println("Locale: " + locale.getLanguage()); Object[] params = { "jason", new Date() }; MessageFormat formatter = new MessageFormat(""); formatter.setLocale(locale); formatter.applyPattern(bundle.getString("username")); System. out.println(formatter.format(params)); params = new Object[] { "mypass", new Date() }; formatter = new MessageFormat(""); formatter.setLocale(locale); formatter.applyPattern(bundle.getString("password")); System. out.println(formatter.format(params)); } }

import java.text.MessageFormat;

import java.util.*;

public class MessageParameterExample {

public static void main(String[] args) {

Locale locale = new Locale(args[0]);

ResourceBundle bundle = ResourceBundle. getBundle(

"MessageParameterExample", locale);

System. out.println("Locale: " + locale.getLanguage());

Object[] params = { "jason", new Date() };

MessageFormat formatter = new MessageFormat("");

formatter.setLocale(locale);

formatter.applyPattern(bundle.getString("username"));

System. out.println(formatter.format(params));

params = new Object[] { "mypass", new Date() };

formatter = new MessageFormat("");

formatter.setLocale(locale);

formatter.applyPattern(bundle.getString("password"));

System. out.println(formatter.format(params));

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles – ListResourceBundle public class ListResourceBundleExample_en_US extends ListResourceBundle { static final Object[][] contents = { { "countryFlag", Toolkit. getDefaultToolkit().getImage("USflag.jpg") }, { "countryMap", Toolkit. getDefaultToolkit().getImage("USmap.jpg") } }; public Object[][] getContents() { return contents; } } public class ListResourceBundleExample_fr_FR extends ListResourceBundle { static final Object[][] contents = { { "countryFlag", Toolkit. getDefaultToolkit().getImage("FRflag.jpg") }, { "countryMap", Toolkit. getDefaultToolkit().getImage("FRmap.jpg") } }; public Object[][] getContents() { return contents; } }

public class ListResourceBundleExample_en_US extends ListResourceBundle {

static final Object[][] contents = {

{ "countryFlag", Toolkit. getDefaultToolkit().getImage("USflag.jpg") },

{ "countryMap", Toolkit. getDefaultToolkit().getImage("USmap.jpg") } };

public Object[][] getContents() {

return contents;

}

}

i18n: Resource Bundles – ListResourceBundle public class ListResourceBundleTester extends JPanel { public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { g.drawImage(flag, 20, 20, this); g.drawImage(map, 20, 20, this); } public static void main(String arg[]) { Locale myLocale = new Locale(arg[0]); ListResourceBundle bundle = (ListResourceBundle) ResourceBundle . getBundle("ListResourceBundleExample", myLocale); ListResourceBundleTester tester = new ListResourceBundleTester(); tester.setFlag((Image) bundle.getObject("countryFlag")); tester.setMap((Image) bundle.getObject("countryMap")); JFrame frame = new JFrame("List Resource Bundle Tester"); frame.setSize(400, 350); frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame. EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setContentPane(tester); frame.setVisible(true); } // ...

public class ListResourceBundleTester extends JPanel {

public void paintComponent(Graphics g) {

g.drawImage(flag, 20, 20, this);

g.drawImage(map, 20, 20, this);

}

public static void main(String arg[]) {

Locale myLocale = new Locale(arg[0]);

ListResourceBundle bundle = (ListResourceBundle) ResourceBundle

. getBundle("ListResourceBundleExample", myLocale);

ListResourceBundleTester tester = new ListResourceBundleTester();

tester.setFlag((Image) bundle.getObject("countryFlag"));

tester.setMap((Image) bundle.getObject("countryMap"));

JFrame frame = new JFrame("List Resource Bundle Tester");

frame.setSize(400, 350);

frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame. EXIT_ON_CLOSE);

frame.setContentPane(tester);

frame.setVisible(true);

}

// ...

i18n: Resource Bundles How is a resource bundle selected? The submitted locale is inspected and a resource bundle with that specific locale is searched for. If one isn’t found it tries to find one with less specific details If the locale contains a variant, the variant is dropped (i.e. BaseName_language_COUNTRY) If nothing is found, and the locale contains a country, the country is dropped (i.e. BaseName_language) If nothing is found it looks at the “default” locale of the system.

How is a resource bundle selected?

The submitted locale is inspected and a resource bundle with that specific locale is searched for.

If one isn’t found it tries to find one with less specific details

If the locale contains a variant, the variant is dropped

(i.e. BaseName_language_COUNTRY)

If nothing is found, and the locale contains a country, the country is dropped

(i.e. BaseName_language)

If nothing is found it looks at the “default” locale of the system.

i18n: Resource Bundles Like the original submitted locale, it first tries to find a resource bundle that matches the exact locale. If nothing is found, it starts to remove specific locale information: If the default Locale contains a variant, the variant is dropped (i.e. BaseName_language_COUNTRY) If nothing is found, and the Locale contains a country, the country is dropped (i.e. BaseName_language) Finally, if nothing is found, it tries to find a default bundle with the “base name” and nothing more.

Like the original submitted locale, it first tries to find a resource bundle that matches the exact locale.

If nothing is found, it starts to remove specific locale information:

If the default Locale contains a variant, the variant is dropped

(i.e. BaseName_language_COUNTRY)

If nothing is found, and the Locale contains a country, the country is dropped

(i.e. BaseName_language)

Finally, if nothing is found, it tries to find a default bundle with the “base name” and nothing more.

i18n: Resource Bundles If nothing is found, a “MissingResource” exception is thrown. Once a resource bundle is located, there is an attempt to find the key being requested. If the key isn’t found in the selected bundle, less specific bundles will be inspected to find the key. If the selected bundle contains a variant, the variant is dropped If the keys is not found, the selected bundle contains a country, the country is dropped If the key is not found, the language is dropped and a default bundle is searched

If nothing is found, a “MissingResource” exception is thrown.

Once a resource bundle is located, there is an attempt to find the key being requested.

If the key isn’t found in the selected bundle, less specific bundles will be inspected to find the key.

If the selected bundle contains a variant, the variant is dropped

If the keys is not found, the selected bundle contains a country, the country is dropped

If the key is not found, the language is dropped and a default bundle is searched

i18n: Resource Bundles Quiz ResourceBundleQuiz.properties username=jason (base) password=mypass (base) ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties username=jason (en) ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties password=jason (en_US) state=minnesota (en_US) ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties username=jason (fr) #1 - My Locale: fr Default Locale: en Key: password

ResourceBundleQuiz.properties

username=jason (base)

password=mypass (base)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties

username=jason (en)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties

password=jason (en_US)

state=minnesota (en_US)

ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties

username=jason (fr)

i18n: Resource Bundles Quiz ResourceBundleQuiz.properties username=jason (base) password=mypass (base) ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties username=jason (en) ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties password=jason (en_US) state=minnesota (en_US) ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties username=jason (fr) #2 - My Locale: en Default Locale: fr Key: password

ResourceBundleQuiz.properties

username=jason (base)

password=mypass (base)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties

username=jason (en)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties

password=jason (en_US)

state=minnesota (en_US)

ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties

username=jason (fr)

i18n: Resource Bundles Quiz ResourceBundleQuiz.properties username=jason (base) password=mypass (base) ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties username=jason (en) ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties password=jason (en_US) state=minnesota (en_US) ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties username=jason (fr) #3 - My Locale: ja Default Locale: fr_CA Key: username

ResourceBundleQuiz.properties

username=jason (base)

password=mypass (base)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties

username=jason (en)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties

password=jason (en_US)

state=minnesota (en_US)

ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties

username=jason (fr)

i18n: Resource Bundles Quiz ResourceBundleQuiz.properties username=jason (base) password=mypass (base) ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties username=jason (en) ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties password=jason (en_US) state=minnesota (en_US) ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties username=jason (fr) #4 - My Locale: fr_CA Default Locale: en_US Key: username

ResourceBundleQuiz.properties

username=jason (base)

password=mypass (base)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties

username=jason (en)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties

password=jason (en_US)

state=minnesota (en_US)

ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties

username=jason (fr)

i18n: Resource Bundles Quiz ResourceBundleQuiz.properties username=jason (base) password=mypass (base) ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties username=jason (en) ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties password=jason (en_US) state=minnesota (en_US) ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties username=jason (fr) #5 - My Locale: en Default Locale: fr Key: state

ResourceBundleQuiz.properties

username=jason (base)

password=mypass (base)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en.properties

username=jason (en)

ResourceBundleQuiz_en_US.properties

password=jason (en_US)

state=minnesota (en_US)

ResourceBundleQuiz_fr.properties

username=jason (fr)

i18n: Collation Different Regional / Language Rules Multi-Character Contractions Single Character Extractions Using a Collator Collator strength Four types from least restrictive to most restrictive: Primary , Secondary , Tertiary , and Identical Collator default strength is set to Tertiary Their specific meaning is Locale dependent

Different Regional / Language Rules

Multi-Character Contractions

Single Character Extractions

Using a Collator

Collator strength

Four types from least restrictive to most restrictive: Primary , Secondary , Tertiary , and Identical

Collator default strength is set to Tertiary

Their specific meaning is Locale dependent

i18n: Collation Collator collate = Collator.getInstance( myLocale ); collate.setStrength(Collator.IDENTICAL); Collections.sort( customerList, collate );

i18n: GUI Considerations Layout Different regions expect information to flow in different directions Hebrew, for example, is written right to left Items may be reversed or in a different order to satisfy the expectations of a given region. Menu items may need to flow in different directions as well. Localized Images Containing Text Will need to be swapped out with images that contain text for each supported region Regional context Some images and colors have specific meanings in different regions. Ignoring these issues can cause confusion, or possibly be insulting

Layout

Different regions expect information to flow in different directions

Hebrew, for example, is written right to left

Items may be reversed or in a different order to satisfy the expectations of a given region.

Menu items may need to flow in different directions as well.

Localized Images

Containing Text

Will need to be swapped out with images that contain text for each supported region

Regional context

Some images and colors have specific meanings in different regions. Ignoring these issues can cause confusion, or possibly be insulting

i18n: GUI Considerations Character Expansion / Contraction Different languages may push out GUI elements by having longer translations Character direction may also impact the layout of GUI elements.

Character Expansion / Contraction

Different languages may push out GUI elements by having longer translations

Character direction may also impact the layout of GUI elements.

i18n: Character Sets & Encoding Code Sets Each unique code represents a unique character ASCII 7 Bit, 128 Characters ISO-8859-1 8 Bit, 256 Characters, “Latin 1” Unicode 16 Bit, as of version 2.0, contains 1,114,112 code points

Code Sets

Each unique code represents a unique character

ASCII

7 Bit, 128 Characters

ISO-8859-1

8 Bit, 256 Characters, “Latin 1”

Unicode

16 Bit, as of version 2.0, contains 1,114,112 code points

i18n: Character Sets & Encoding Encoding Modal Escape characters Nonmodal Number of bytes per character is determined by what range they fall into. UTF-8 Encoding Must Be Set in Servlets and JSPs

Encoding

Modal

Escape characters

Nonmodal

Number of bytes per character is determined by what range they fall into.

UTF-8

Encoding Must Be Set in Servlets and JSPs

i18n: Character Sets & Encoding Setting Encoding in Servlets response.setCharacterEncoding(&quot;UTF-8&quot;); or combine it with the Content Type: response.setContentType(&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;); Settings Encoding in JSPs <%@page pageEncoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;%> Page Encoding in Property Files native2ascii

Setting Encoding in Servlets

response.setCharacterEncoding(&quot;UTF-8&quot;);

or combine it with the Content Type:

response.setContentType(&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;);

Settings Encoding in JSPs

<%@page pageEncoding=&quot;UTF-8&quot;%>

Page Encoding in Property Files

native2ascii

i18n: Third Party Tools IBM’s ICU4J http://site.icu-project.org/ JSTL Example <%@ page contentType=&quot;text/html; charset=UTF-8&quot; %> <%@ taglib uri=“http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/fmt” prefix=“fmt” %> <fmt:setBundle basename=“MyMessages&quot; var=“bundle&quot; scope=&quot;session&quot;/> <fmt:setLocale value=“${user.locale}” scope=“session” /> <fmt:message key=“greeting” bundle=“${bundle}”/>

IBM’s ICU4J

http://site.icu-project.org/

JSTL Example

i18n: Third Party Tools JSF Example // FacesConfig.xml <application> <locale-config> <default-locale>en_US</default-locale> <supported-locale>ja</supported-locale> <supported-locale>fr</supported-locale> </locale-config> <message-bundle>com.intertech.MyMessages</message-bundle> </application> // JSF View <%@taglib uri=“http://java.sun.com/jsf/html” prefix=“h” %> <%@taglib uri=“http://java.sun.com/jsf/core” prefix=“f” %> <f:loadBundle basename=“com.intertech.MyMessages var=“txt” /> <h:outputText value=“#{txt.username}” />

JSF Example

Localization (l10n) Submitting Resource Bundles Screenshots w/ functional descriptions Words vs. Context Localized Testing Correctness is grammar / context GUI displacement Cultural considerations

Submitting Resource Bundles

Screenshots w/ functional descriptions

Words vs. Context

Localized Testing

Correctness is grammar / context

GUI displacement

Cultural considerations

i18n / l10n Resources Deitsch, Andrew, and David Czarnecki. Java Internationalization . Sebastopol: O'Reilly, 2001. Esselink, Bert. A Practical Guide to Localization . Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2000. Gillam, Richard. Unicode Demystified . Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2003. &quot;ICU - International Components for Unicode&quot;. 9/9/2009 <http://site.icu-project.org/>. &quot;Internationalization (i18n) Forum&quot;. Sun Microsystems. 9/9/2009 <http://forums.sun.com/forum.jspa?forumID=16>. Savourel, Yves. XML Internationalization and Localization . Indianapolis: Sams, 2001.

Deitsch, Andrew, and David Czarnecki. Java Internationalization . Sebastopol: O'Reilly, 2001.

Esselink, Bert. A Practical Guide to Localization . Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 2000.

Gillam, Richard. Unicode Demystified . Boston: Addison-Wesley, 2003.

&quot;ICU - International Components for Unicode&quot;. 9/9/2009 <http://site.icu-project.org/>.

&quot;Internationalization (i18n) Forum&quot;. Sun Microsystems. 9/9/2009 <http://forums.sun.com/forum.jspa?forumID=16>.

Savourel, Yves. XML Internationalization and Localization . Indianapolis: Sams, 2001.

Related Courses at Intertech Complete Java http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99098 Complete Java Web Development http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99076 Complete Spring Framework http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99367 Complete JSF http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99339 Complete Struts http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99251

Complete Java

http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99098

Complete Java Web Development

http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99076

Complete Spring Framework

http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99367

Complete JSF

http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99339

Complete Struts

http://www.intertech.com/Courses/Course.aspx?CourseID=99251

Intertech Resources Facebook http://facebook.intertech.com Twitter http://twitter.intertech.com LinkedIn http://linkedin.intertech.com YouTube http://youtube.intertech.com Decoupled Musings (Jason Shapiro) http://decoupledmusings.blogspot.com White’s Board (Jim White) http://whitesboard.blogspot.com/

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White’s Board (Jim White)

http://whitesboard.blogspot.com/

What you have learned today Globalization: Definition & Terms Project Stages Internationalization Localization Testing Internationalization Locales Content Resource Bundles Collation GUI Considerations

Globalization: Definition & Terms

Project Stages

Internationalization

Localization

Testing

Internationalization

Locales

Content

Resource Bundles

Collation

GUI Considerations

What you have learned today Internationalization (continued) Character Encoding 3 rd Party Tools Localization Submitting Resource Bundles Words vs. Context Testing

Internationalization (continued)

Character Encoding

3 rd Party Tools

Localization

Submitting Resource Bundles

Words vs. Context

Testing

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Content packed newsletters

Podcasts through iTunes

YouTube videos

Free Oxygen Blast seminars

Whitepapers and .pdf downloads

For the above and special offers, register for the newsletter at the bottom of our homepage

Intertech Training Founded in 1991, Intertech offers a full training line-up: JEE, open source technologies .NET, SQL Server, SharePoint XML, Ajax Delivery formats include: Instructor-led public and onsite Instructor-led night and virtual Self-paced study For advanced purchase customers, Intertech offers Elite Rewards™—call 651-994-8558 +23

Founded in 1991, Intertech offers a full training line-up:

JEE, open source technologies

.NET, SQL Server, SharePoint

XML, Ajax

Delivery formats include:

Instructor-led public and onsite

Instructor-led night and virtual

Self-paced study

For advanced purchase customers, Intertech offers Elite Rewards™—call 651-994-8558 +23

Intertech Consulting In addition to training, Intertech delivers consulting Consulting is part of our brand: Instructors Who Consult | Consultants Who Teach Give your project success with our consulting services To learn more, contact us at 651-994-8558 +11

In addition to training, Intertech delivers consulting

Consulting is part of our brand: Instructors Who Consult | Consultants Who Teach

Give your project success with our consulting services

To learn more, contact us at 651-994-8558 +11

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