The document proposes a solution to improve the quality of education in government schools in urban India through a public-private partnership (PPP) model and voucher-based payment system. It involves outsourcing the administration of government schools to private players, with the government covering part of capital costs. Students from economically weaker sections will receive vouchers that can be submitted to schools instead of fees. Parents can choose from a pool of schools. Metrics like infrastructure, teacher performance, and dropout rates will be used to evaluate the program's impact. Challenges discussed include operational delays, risks to scalability, grade inflation, and attracting private players to rural areas.
SOLIDE WASTE in Cameroon,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,.pptx
IITM_Voucher_Based_Education
1. Towards an Educated India
सफलता की पर्ची........
Team: Abhijit Singh | Dhruvil Patel | Dhiraj Kumar | Saumil Mehta | Deep ShahCollege: IIT Madras
2. TOWS Matrix/Current situation
Strengths – S
• High Enrollment
• Accessibility of
schools
Weakness – W
• Quality of education
• Infrastructure
• Lack of motivation
and accountability
teachers
• Dropout ratio of the
students
Opportunities- O
• Participation of
private players
• Increase in
education
expenditure as
a % of GDP in
future
SO
• Implementing PPP
model in the
government
schools
WO
• Private players will
bring in more
accountability
• Improving the quality
of education
imparted
• Infrastructure
improvement
Threats – T
• Perception
towards
government
schools
• Degrading of
moral values
ST
• Implementing
the model will
increase the
quality of
education and
change the
perception
WT
• Focusing on
reducing the drop
out ratio
• Increasing the quality
of education and
infrastructure
3. Proposed Solution(1/3)
Objective: Towards improving the quality of education in the
government schools through Public private partnership (PPP)
and voucher based fee payment
Scope: Government schools in Urban cities
What is a Voucher ?*
A certificate or a card which promises to pay the holder of
the same a certain amount of money
Eligibility: Children belonging to the backward economic
class
Reasons for initiating voucher schemes in urban areas first
are as follows:
• More qualified teachers are currently available and can
be quickly ramped up through training
• Better basic infrastructure (e.g. electricity, sanitation)
exists – hence learning is not disrupted by students
leaving the school to return home
• A competitive market with a pool of quality schools is
likely to already exist
• Entrepreneurs and investors who might actively help
develop the market further are present.
*Idea inspired from: Nobel Prize winning economist Milton Friedman’s Voucher based model
Execution:
Each student will eligible for one voucher per
year
Parents need to submit the vouchers instead
of the fees
Parents can choose from a pool of
government schools
4. Proposed Solution(2/3)
Gains
For Education System
• Schools compete with
each other for more
students
• Competition among
schools increases which
improves the performance
and hence the quality of
the education
Parents:
• Choose that school which
provides the best quality of
education
Private Player:
• Lower entry barrier for
them to enter in education
• Immediate returns on
investment through
vouchers
Working of PPP Model
• Administration and the running of the government
schools to be outsourced to the private players
• Basic infrastructure like land, building, school
facilities already in place
• The private players to make capital investment in
improving and building the necessary
infrastructure needs
• Government will bear 35% cost of this capital
investment but it will spread over a period of 5
years
• The amount of the voucher will be set in such a
way that it will help the private players in covering
their cost expenses
Teachers
• Mandatory biennial training for all teachers
• The performance report on the government
teachers to be submitted to the government after
annual performance appraisal cycle
• Schools will be allowed to add private teachers
on their own cost
5. Proposed Solutions (3/3)
• Independent rating agency
which will rate the schools
on different factors
• Dropout Rate
• School Infrastructure
• Teacher Performance
• Student Learning
Assessment/Achieveme
nts
• Student Teacher ratio
• Based on the rating schools
and teachers will get
recognition
Features of Voucher
• State governments could
distribute non-transferable
vouchers (for each child) to
parents in urban centres
that meet certain pre-
requisites
• Regulatory institutions are
required to monitor the use
of the voucher scheme –
e.g. actual attendance,
literacy outcomes, the
qualifications of teachers,
non-discriminatory
admission policies, etc.
6. Impact Assessment
Outcomes
Indicator
Baseline -
2013-14 Target - 2016-17
Achievement -
2016-17
Frequency of
Report
Data Collection
Instruments
Responsibilities of
Data Collection
Infrastructure - 20% increase Annual
As per Right To
Education(RTE)
standard
State, central and
independent
Quality of Teachers -
Performance efficiency should
increase by 30% Biennial
>Assessment
Test at the end
of training
>Peer
feedback
State, central and
independent
Pupil Teacher
Ratio(PTR) 34/1 25/1 Annual
Independent
Sample study
instruments
State, central and
independent
Reduction in
dropout rate - By 20% decrease Annual
Independent
Sample study
instruments
State, central and
independent
Transition Rates
from primary to
upper primary Increase by 15% Annual
Independent
Sample study
instruments
State, central and
independent
Retention at
Primary
level - Increase by 15% Annual
Independent
Sample study
instruments
State, central and
independent
Retention at
Elementary Level - Increase by 20% Annual
Independent
Sample study
instruments
State, central and
independent
Gross Completion
Ratio - Increase by 25% Annual
Independent
Sample study
instruments
State, central and
independent
TeachersInfraStudents
7. Financial Aspects
• White paper submitted by Praja.org on “Municipal Education in Mumbai (2008-09 to 2011-12)” indicate
an average per student spending over 5 years to be Rs.36531
• Hence, the allocated spending per student in both government and private schools in urban cities are
comparable.
• According to SSA (Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan) portal finding, around 80% of the allocated budget to
government schools is only actually spent.
• This gap in allocation and spending is a lucrative prospect for the private parties who can bring in
investments in government schools and yet gain profit.
Name of
State/UT
OB as as on
1.4.2011*
GOI releases State
Releases
13th FC
Award
Other
receipts
Total funds
available
Expenditure
till 31st Dec.,
2011
Total 594724.39 1703902.28 850581.40 249835.00 18045.26 3417088.33 2714040.23
*All numbers are in crore of Indian Rupees
8. Challenges and Risks
• Operational inefficiency: The delay in the reimbursement of vouchers by the government
to the PPP schools will demotivate the private parties to take up such projects and will act
as a bottleneck for scaling the system.
• Risks involved with scalability: Studies show that students in a voucher program benefit
because they are put in classrooms with high-achieving peers. Should the system be
scaled, research indicated that achievement can be expected to go down because
there will be more competition for schools to recruit the best performing, highest
achieving students. Students under a large-scale voucher scheme will be self-segregated
into high-performing and low-achieving classrooms, thus dissolving the very advantage
the education vouchers propose to fix.
• Grade Inflation: In an effort to secure a solid reputation and attract students, a school
may focus less on the calibre of education and more on attracting students. Should there
not be uniform standardized tests in place throughout the school system, a school may
be incentivized to lower the education standards for progression through school in order
to attract students.
• Expansion to villages: It will be a real challenge to implement the model in rural India, as
it will be difficult to attract private players to villages.
RiskChallenge