Marc format

Machine Readable Cataloging

Definitions
What is MARC?
MARC is the acronym for MA chine R eadable C ataloging
What is a machine-readable cataloging record?
"Machine-readable" means that one particular type of machine, a computer, can read, interpret and manipulate the data in the cataloging record.

Definitions
MARC is an industry-wide standard for the “representation and communication of bibliographic and related information in machine readable form”

Importance of MARC
Because it is the standard for coding bibliographic data for machine processing
Standard MARC records are
Predictable
Reliable
Less expensive than other options

Importance of MARC
Standard MARC records enable libraries
to employ automated systems to manage operations more efficiently
to share bibliographic resources, reduce duplication of work, and thus lower costs
Standard MARC record ensure that
bibliographic (and related data) is compatible from one automated system to another

A Standard is a Standard… MARC21 - United States and Canada UKMARC - United Kingdom interMARC - France NORMARC - Norway SAMARC - South Africa
OCLC MARC, RLIN MARC…

Why one standard?
To foster communication of information and data interchange.
The MARC standard also allows libraries to replace one system with another with the assurance that their data will still be compatible.

Development of MARC21
The original LC MARC format, developed by the Library of Congress in 1960, evolved into USMARC
February 1997, The USMARC and CANMARC (developed by the National Library of Canada in 1973) formats achieved alignment
October 1998, The LC’s Network Development and MARC Standards Office came up with the name MARC21 – meaning MARC for the 21 st century
July 2002, the “Agreement for the development and publication of MARC21 format” was signed by representatives of the National Library of Congress, the National Library of Canada and the British Library

MARC-ISO2709 File Structure
ISO2709 is a standard format for interchanging MARC data
01329cam a2200313 a 4500001000800000005001700008008004100025035002100066906004500087955012500132010001700257020002500274020004400299040001800343042000900361050002400370082001800394100003200412245008700444250001200531260003700543300002900580500004200609520022000651650003300871650001200904740003600916991006300952387362719911106082810.9891101s1990 maua j 000 0 eng 9(DLC) 89048230 a7bcbccorignewd1eocipf19gy-gencatlg apc14 to he00 11-01-89; he06 11-01-89; he00 11-03-89; fa00 11-06-89; fa05 11-22-89; he03 11-28-89; CIP ver. he06 08-08-90 a 89048230 a0316107514 :c$12.95 a0316107506 (pbk.) :c$5.95 ($6.95 Can.) aDLCcDLCdDLC alcac00aGV943.25b.B74 199000a796.334/22201 aBrenner, Richard J.,d1941-10aMake the team.pSoccer :ba heads up guide to super soccer! /cRichard J. Brenner. a1st ed. aBoston :bLittle, Brown,cc1990. a127 p. :bill. ;c19 cm. a"A Sports illustrated for kids book." aInstructions for improving soccer skills. Discusses dribbling, heading, playmaking, defense, conditioning, mental attitude, how to handle problems with coaches, parents, and other players, and the history of soccer. 0aSoccerxJuvenile literature. 1aSoccer.0 aHeads up guide to super soccer. bc-GenCollhGV943.25i.B74 1990p0002016704AtCopy 1wBOOKS

MARC Record Structure
Leader
Store important information about the MARC record itself
Each record begins with a leader, which is a 24-character fixed field containing information for the processing of the record

Directory
An index to the location of variable fields (control and data) within a record
Start at position 24
Each corresponds to one MARC field
Each entry includes
Tag : 3 characters
Field length : 4 characters (including FT)
Starting positions : 5 characters

Control fields
Tags beginning with two zeroes
Store fixed-length data
Position of codes determines meaning
Do not have indicators
Converts into 008 field when exported
001-008
001 Control number
003 Control number identifier
005 Date and time of latest transaction
008 Fixed-length data element

Variable fields (Data fields)
Begin with “tag”
Store variable-length data
2 indicator positions
Subfields ($a, $b, $c, etc.)

Understanding a MARC Record
Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500
Control No. 001 ###89048230 /AC/r91
Control No. ID 003 DLC
DTLT 005 19911106082810.9
Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 eng
LCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 /AC/r91
ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 :
$c $12.95
ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) :
$c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.)
Title 245 10 $a Make the team.
$p Soccer :
$b a heads up guide to super soccer! /
$c Richard J. Brenner.
TAG INDICATOR SUBFIELD

MARC Tag Overview
0XX Control information, numbers, code
1XX Main entry
2XX Titles, edition, imprint, etc.
3XX Physical description, etc.
4XX Series statements
5XX Notes
6XX Subject headings
7XX Other added entries and linking entries
8XX Series added entries
9XX Locally defined

MARC Tag Commonalities
X00 Personal name heading
X10 Corporate name heading
X11 Meeting (conference) name heading
X30 Uniform title heading
where X = 1, 6, 7, or 8

Local Data Fields
049 Local holdings
09X Local call number fields
59X Local notes
69X Local subject headings
9XX Local information and processing fields
Exception: 490 series statement
MARC tags containing “9” are local data fields

Commonly used MARC Fields
020 ISBN
$a ISBN
$c terms of availability
050 Library of Congress call number
$a classification number
$b item number
082 Dewey Decimal Classification call number
$a classification number
$b item number
$2 edition number

100 Personal name - main entry
1 st indicator 0 = forename, 1 = surname
$a personal name
$d date associated with name (year of birth)
$e relator term
$q fuller form of name
$u affiliation

245 Title Information
1 st indicator 0 no title added entry, 1 title added entry
2 nd indicator – number of non-filing characters
$a title proper
$b remainder of title, subtitle
$c remainder of title page/statement of responsibility
$f inclusive date
$h medium

250 Edition Statement
$a edition
$b remainder of edition statement
260 Publication information
$a place of publication
$b name of publisher
$c date of publication

300 Physical description
$a number of pages
$b usually illustration information
$c dimension
$e accompanying materials
440 Series statement/added entry
2 nd indicator = no. of non-filing characters
$a title
$n number of part/section of work
$p name of part/section of work
$v volume number

500 General note
504 Bibliography note
505 Formatted contents note
520 Summary, abstract, etc.
650 Subject - Topical term
$a Topical term
$v Form subdivision
$x General subdivision
$y Chronological subdivision
$z Geographic subdivision

110 Corporate body - main entry
111 Meeting name - main entry
600 Subject - personal name
651 Subject - geographic name
700 Personal name - added entry
710 Corporate body - added entry
711 Meeting name - added entry

MARC Record is a Machine Readable Cataloging record Leader 01041cam 2200265 a 4500 Control No. 001 ###89048230 /AC/r91 Control No. ID 003 DLC DTLT 005 19911106082810.9 Fixed Data 008 891101s1990 maua j 001 0 eng LCCN 010 ## $a ###89048230 /AC/r91 ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107514 : $c $12.95 ISBN 020 ## $a 0316107506 (pbk.) : $c $5.95 ($6.95 Can.) Cat. Source 040 ## $a DLC $c DLC $d DLC

LC Call No. 050 00 $a GV943.25
$b .B74 1990
Dewey No. 082 00 $a 796.334/2
$2 20
ME:Pers Name 100 1# $a Brenner, Richard J.,
$d 1941-
Title 245 10 $a Make the team.
$p Soccer :
$b a heads up guide to super soccer! /
$c Richard J. Brenner.
Variant Title 246 30 $a Heads up guide to super soccer
Edition 250 ## $a 1st ed.
Publication 260 ## $a Boston :
$b Little, Brown,
$c c1990.
Phys Desc 300 ## $a 127 p. :
$b ill. ;
$c 19 cm.

Note: General 500 ## $a "A Sports illustrated for kids book."
Note: Summary 520 ## $a Instructions for improving soccer skills. Discusses dribbling, heading,
playmaking, defense, conditioning,
mental attitude, how to handle
problems with coaches, parents,
and other players, and the history
of soccer.
Subj: Topical 650 #0 $a Soccer
$v Juvenile literature.
Subj: Topical 650 #1 $a Soccer.
This MARC format can be interpreted to...

…this simple Card Catalog output

Common Cataloging Errors
Incorrect indicator values
Use of the wrong indicator values can cause a system to mis-index a term, particularly in the title and subject areas.
Typographical errors
Misspelled word, especially at the beginning of an indexed tag results if failed searches.
Not doing proper punctuation
These are signposts for your system. They are useful for future database manipulation and conversion

Not knowing how a particular automation system handles data
While automation systems may all use the MARC record, they each handle it differently. You need to know what tags are indexed and what searches retrieve that information. This leads us to our next common error:
Adjusting cataloging so that it “works” in your automation system
The temptation to modify cataloging information so that it is accessed “logically” by the system is a dangerous path. While it may “work” today, but if the software is modified or if you migrate to another system, your records may not work properly or may be inaccessible, forcing you to redo the records.

Failure to accurately code the fixed field area (008)
Not coding information properly here results in failed detailed searches, particularly when searching by year of publication, genre, or target audience.
Use of non-standard subject headings
Resist the urge to create local subject headings, particularly if they deviate from the controlled vocabulary you use (Sears, LCSH, etc.) This causes problems with records imported from vendors, from users who access your catalog via the Internet, or from patrons confused by local use that deviates from what they encounter at other libraries. It’s also more work for you.

Not practicing good authority control

Marc format

by Ime Amor Mortel on Jan 12, 2012

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