Jaap van de Herik dinnertalk at ISCRAM Summer School 25 Augustus

OUR RELATIONS WITH COMPUTERS H.Jaap van den Herik Tilburg centre for Creative Computing (TiCC) Tilburg University School of Humanities Diner Speech ISCRAM Tilburg, August 25, 2009 Summerschool 2009

Words of Thanks
With much pleasure I would like to thank the
organisation ISCRAM for the invitation
In particular Dr. Bartel Van de Walle
Professor Piet Ribbers
Janneke Liebregts

Words of Inspiration
GO FOR A Ph.D. THESIS

The Main Topic
The Acceptance of Scientific Findings
by our Society

Topics to be discussed
Playing Chess
Judging Court Cases
Authentication of Paintings
Acting as an Auditor (only mentioned)
Deciding on Euthanasia (only mentioned)
Intimate Relationships

The Research of the Future
City Labs
(Paul Burghardt)
Cloud Computing
(Bart Bogaert, IBM Belgium)

Technology and Future Mechanization 1950 Computerization 1970 Information handling 2000 Intelligent E-commerce E-commerce 2005 Agent Technology 2012 Grid Technology 1990 Intelligent Programs Communication (ICT) 2015 Cloud Computing

Turing’s (1950) prediction
“ The orginal question, “Can machines think?” I believe to be too meaningless to deserve discussion. Nevertheless I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.”

Shannon’s (1950) prediction
“ The thesis we will develop is that modern general purpose computers can be used to play a tolerably good game of chess by the use of a suitable computing routine or ‘program’.”
Playing Chess

World Champion Programs
KAISSA 1974 Stockholm
CHESS 1977 Toronto
BELLE 1980 Linz
CRAY BLITZ 1983 New York
CRAY BLITZ 1986 Keulen
DEEP THOUGHT 1989 Edmonton
REBEL 1992 Madrid
FRITZ 1995 Hong Kong
SHREDDER 1999 Paderborn
JUNIOR 2002 Maastricht
SHREDDER 2003 Graz
JUNIOR 2004 Ramat-Gan
ZAPPA 2005 Reykjavik
JUNIOR 2006 Turin
RYBKA 2007 Amsterdam
RYBKA 2008 Beijing
RYBKA 2009 Pamplona

Fritz Reul
Ph.D. thesis defense June 17, 2009
New Architectures in Computer Chess

Classification
Four examples:
Recidence predictions serial killer (RIGEL, PREDATOR)
Screening Airline Passengers
(CAPPS)
Fraud with Credit Cards (BARCLAY SYSTEM)
Risc on Recidivism
(Blokland and Nieuwbeerta, UL)
Judging Court Cases

Stijn Vanderlooy
Ph.D. thesis defense July 1, 2009
Ranking and Reliable Classification

A Painting Problem Cezanne Gauguin van Gogh ? ?

Training Data
Van Gogh
(5000 textures)
Schuffenecker (5000 textures)

Four Characteristics
Colour
Repetition of patterns
Composition
Brushstroke

Neural Networks Van Gogh Schuffenecker

Generalised Results
96% of the non-visible characteristics is classified correctly

Results
Trained neural networks applied to the characteristics of the Yasuda Sunflowers
89% of the characteristics are classified as owing to Van Gogh
But… identification of painter or painting method? (“Russian tank effect.”)

Data set 6 impressionists, 10 paintings each

Eleven Approaches
1. Hue 7. RGB
2. Orientation 8. Mean
3. Standard Dev. 9. Fast Fourier Transform 240
4. HSI 10. Fractal Dim
5. Kurtosis 11. Comb 8, 9, and 10
6. Skewness

State of the art: automatic recognition of impressionist painters

Laurens van der Maaten and Igor Berezhnyy
Ph.D. defense June 23, 2009
Feature Extraction from Visual Data
Ph.D. defense December 7, 2009
Digital Analysis of Paintings

Scientific Background for Intimate Relationships
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Science
Gender Studies
Psychology
Robotics
Sexology
Sociology

David Levy
Ph.D. defense October 11, 2007
Intimate Relationships with Artificial Partners

The investigation
Past developments in our relationships with computers
Present developments in our relationships with computers
How these relationships are continuing to progress
The culmination of this progress – robots becoming our artificial partners

The problem statement
PS1: To what extent will the emotions that humans feel for other humans, for pet animals, for virtual pets, and even for less animal-like artefacts – namely computers – , be extended to embrace the robots of the future?
PS2: To what extent will the normal bounds of human sexuality be extended with respect to the robots of the future?

Four research questions to PS1
RQ1: Is it possible to trace what (precisely) causes people to develop strong emotional feelings of attraction (leading to attachment or love)?
RQ2: What characterizes the affective relationship between humans and pets?
RQ3: What is the attractive power of a virtual pet?
RQ4: What is the attraction of a humanoid robot for a human being?

Four research questions to PS2
RQ5: Why do people enjoy sex?
RQ6: Why do people pay for sex?
RQ7: What technologies are available to be used as sex technologies?
RQ8: What mental obstacles exist to prevent the final step towards the second objective?

Trend – The uses of robots
From the highly impersonal to highly personal
First used in industry (e.g., car factories)
Next came service robots (e.g., cleaning, demolition, mail-carts, refuelling cars)
Then came personal robots for use in the home (robot pets, carer robots)
The trend is for increasing human-robot interaction

Repliee Q1 – very humanlike

Trend – Human emotional attachments
Originally only for other humans
Then for pet animals
Then for virtual pets
In the future for robots

Trend - Marriage
Women’s property used to be owned by their husbands
Ownership sometimes extended even to the women themselves
Interracial marriage used to be illegal, e.g., in the USA and South Africa
Same-sex marriage has recently become legal in some parts of the USA and in some other countries
Marriage used to be for life – now the divorce rate in many countries is around or approaching fifty percent
Marriage used to be regarded almost universally as being for procreation – now many couples opt not to have children

Trend – Marriage (what next?)
Social change is happening much faster nowadays than 200, 100 or even 50 years ago
Changes in the meaning and purpose of marriage are also happening much faster than ever before

Trend - Vibrators
Early models steam and clockwork driven
First electric model invented in the 1880s
Became popular at the start of the 20 th century
Popularity soared towards the end of the century

Trend – Sex machines What do people want?
Survey in 2003 on www.BetterHumans.com
1 st Humanoid love slaves (41 per cent of votes)
2 nd Mind-to-mind interfaces (24 per cent)
3 rd Virtual reality sex (17 per cent)

Conclusions to RQ1, RQ2, RQ3, RQ4
RQ1: Ten main factors are the most important for causing humans to fall in love
RQ2:The emotional rewards of human-pet relationships, combined with anthropomorphism, create strong love for pets
RQ3: Humans attach emotional feelings (love) to virtual pets
RQ4: Almost all of the same ten factors (from RQ1) will play a part in human-robot companion relationships

Conclusions to RQ5, RQ6, RQ7, RQ8
RQ5: People enjoy sex mainly for pure pleasure and to express emotional closeness
RQ6: People pay for sex mainly in order to obtain variety and sex without complications and constraints
RQ7: Technological developments of sexual artefacts have outstripped the previous limits of the human imagination of sexual possibilities
RQ8: Mental obstacles to the general acceptance of sex with robots will be overcome with time

Answering the problem statement
Problem statement PS1 has been answered by the conclusions to research questions RQ1, RQ2, RQ3 and RQ4.
The overall conclusion for PS1 is that the emotions that humans feel for other humans, for pet animals, for virtual pets, and even for less animal-like artefacts – namely computers -, will be fully extended to embrace the robots of the future

Answering the problem statement
Problem statement PS2 has been answered by the conclusions to research questions RQ5, RQ6, RQ7 and RQ8.
The overall conclusion for PS2 is that the normal bounds of human sexuality will be fully extended to embrace the robots of the future

The Longer Run (2200 - 2500)
Hugo de Garis: Superhuman Intelligence
Two opinions: Cosmist
Terrens

Hugo de Garis (Utah, USA)
Ray Kurzweil (M.I.T., USA)
Hans Moravec (C.M.U., USA)
Kevin Warwick (Reading, UK)
Jaap van den Herik (Tilburg, The Netherlands)

Jaap van de Herik dinnertalk at ISCRAM Summer School 25 Augustus

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Jaap van de Herik dinnertalk at ISCRAM Summer School 25 Augustus — Presentation Transcript