Accountability and practical change in child welfare: Beyond professionalism Mark Creekmore (creekmor@umich.edu) Getting it Right for Every Child: Childhood, Citizenship and Children’s Services Glasgow, Scotland September 23, 2008

Miss Jane Addams, “The child at the point of greatest pressure” “… it is well so far as it goes, but it is not after all sufficient” to save children from dying or to protect them from harm. What is “… the next step, the one beyond the mere negative salvation of human life?” If we look at children under greatest pressure “… we will discover the beginnings of new life, something more positive, much more beautiful, much more all-embracing than anything we have yet dealt with, because our minds are fixed only upon preservation.” “ And there is that wonderful life in the children of the most crowded quarter, living under the most untoward conditions which will sweep away our little attempts at charity and correction if we will but give them opportunity to grow and adapt themselves to the particular point of the city in which they find themselves at the present moment.” 39 th annual session of the Proceedings of the National Conference of Charities and Corrections,1912

“… it is well so far as it goes, but it is not after all sufficient” to save children from dying or to protect them from harm. What is “… the next step, the one beyond the mere negative salvation of human life?”

If we look at children under greatest pressure “… we will discover the beginnings of new life, something more positive, much more beautiful, much more all-embracing than anything we have yet dealt with, because our minds are fixed only upon preservation.”

“ And there is that wonderful life in the children of the most crowded quarter, living under the most untoward conditions which will sweep away our little attempts at charity and correction if we will but give them opportunity to grow and adapt themselves to the particular point of the city in which they find themselves at the present moment.”

Three stresses in child welfare in the US leading to change Formal incorporation of child and parent perspectives into the CWS: “Nothing about me without me?” Constraints on professional decision making to correct excesses system-wide Separate and parallel systems for acute and chronic cases

Formal incorporation of child and parent perspectives into the CWS: “Nothing about me without me?”

Constraints on professional decision making to correct excesses system-wide

Separate and parallel systems for acute and chronic cases

Three (sometimes) competing goals Individual and social (group) rights Change (growth, treatment and recovery) Protection

Individual and social (group) rights

Change (growth, treatment and recovery)

Protection

Child and parent perspectives in CWSs: “Nothing about me without me?” About me without me: the sources of information and the objects of change Nonprofessional volunteers as mediators, advocates and change makers Surrogates for recipients of services CASA FC review boards Alumni associations (The Chafee Program) Research Direct participation. Case management, permanency plans and self-help movements

About me without me: the sources of information and the objects of change

Nonprofessional volunteers as mediators, advocates and change makers

Surrogates for recipients of services

CASA

FC review boards

Alumni associations (The Chafee Program)

Research

Direct participation. Case management, permanency plans and self-help movements

Constraints on professional decision making Class action lawsuits Evidence based practice Structured decision making Quality assurance methods

Class action lawsuits

Evidence based practice

Structured decision making

Quality assurance methods

Separate and parallel systems for acute and chronic cases Special docket courts, problem-solving courts and therapeutic jurisprudence. Acute conditions and stages: dependency caused by the acute condition, regression of one’s capacities and recovery after getting assistance from others, typically professionals

Special docket courts, problem-solving courts and therapeutic jurisprudence.

Acute conditions and stages: dependency caused by the acute condition, regression of one’s capacities and recovery after getting assistance from others, typically professionals

Chronic conditions and coerced treatment Community courts, mental health courts, domestic violence courts, reentry courts and substance abuse (drug) courts Elements Chronic problems that cause (usually minor) criminal activity Voluntary admission based on exchange Violation of court orders Recovery (relapse) model

Community courts, mental health courts, domestic violence courts, reentry courts and substance abuse (drug) courts

Elements

Chronic problems that cause (usually minor) criminal activity

Voluntary admission based on exchange

Violation of court orders

Recovery (relapse) model

System stresses and balance Are we any closer to Addams’s ecological view? What roles do professions play in post-modern organizations? How have Scotland and the US resolved these conflicts differently?

Are we any closer to Addams’s ecological view?

What roles do professions play in post-modern organizations?

How have Scotland and the US resolved these conflicts differently?