Dr. Muzaffer Ahmed Member, NDMA at RPR 2012, 23-26 August, Goa, India

1. DR. MUZAFFAR AHMAD
26TH AUGUST 2012 ,GOA

2. The different
Faces of
Disasters and
Emergencies

3. Disasters: Global Scenario
•Disasters-natural or man-made are common throughout
the world.
• Threats to people assume serious proportions in the
under developed countries with dense population.
• More than 200 worst natural disasters have occurred in
the world during the second half of the 20th Century and
claimed lives of around 1.4 million people.(source MHA
Doc)
• Losses due to natural disasters are 20 times greater (as %
of GDP) in the developing countries.

5. Disaster Mortality By Region
Asien
Americas
Africa
Oceania
Europa
Asia continues to bear the brunt
of both natural and man-made disasters
Source: CRED March 07 ‘CRED CRUNCH’ Newsletter

6. Damaged Infrastructure
(Sri Lanka Floods 2003)

7. Casualties and Stress Amongst Local Officials
(Bam, Iran 2003)

8. HAITI EARTHQUAKE 2010

9. TSUNAMI 2011 - JAPAN

10. Disaster Trends

11. EMERGING TRENDS IN DISASTER PATTERNS:
•90 per cent of natural disaster related deaths occur in
developing countries.
•Now more disasters occur but fewer people die in
proportion.
•More population is affected and economic losses are
increasing.
•Hazards and vulnerability is constantly shaped by
dynamic and complex socio-economic and ecological
processes compounded by stresses felt within individual
societies.

12. EMERGING TRENDS continued….
•Pace of modern life has also introduced new forms of
vulnerabilities related to technological developments
•Population growth and increased rural/urban migration,
act as dynamic pressures contributing to changing
patterns.
•Phenomena like El Niño/La Niña, climate change and
the potential for rising sea levels pose new threat
dimension.
•Biological hazards in the forms of pest infestations,
human disease epidemics and pandemics on the rise.

14. 58.6% of the landmass is prone to
earthquakes of moderate to high intensity
68% of the cultivable area is vulnerable
to Drought
Over 40 million hectares (12% of land) is
prone to Floods & River Erosion
Of the 7,516 km long coastline, close to 5,700
km is prone to cyclones and tsunamis
 12% government revenue spent on relief and
rehabilitation
 2% GDP loss

24. Floods, Punjab
1993, 359 lives lost Earthquake, Chamoli
March 99, 100 lives lost
Cloudburst in Leh –
August 2010- 200 Earthquake, Uttarkasshi
Oct. 91, 2000 lives lost
deaths
Heatwave, Uttar Pradesh,
Kosi floods 2008, May-June 95, 566 lives lost
Cyclone Aila 2009
Earthquake, Gujarat
Floods, North Bihar &
26th January, 2001 Assam Annual Feature
Earthquake, Jabalpur May
Cyclone, Gujarat June 97, 39 lives lost
98, 3500 lives lost
Super Cyclone, Orissa Oct.
99, Over 10,000 lives lost
Cyclone, Andhra Pradesh
Andhra, May 90, 962 lives lost
Karnataka floods Dec.96, 971 lives lost
2009 Earthquake, Latur Sep.
93, 9475 lives lost
MAJOR Cyclone, Tamil Nadu
NATURAL Floods, Kerala
Dec. 93, 61 lives lost
Tsunami, Tamil Nadu
DISASTERS May- Oct. 94
26th December, 2004

25. S. No. DISASTER EVENT YEAR DEAD REMARKS
1. LATUR EARTHQUAKE 1993 7,928
2. ORISSA SUPER CYCLONE 1999 10,000
3. GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE 2001 25,000
4. TSUNAMI 2004 10,479
5. MAHARASHTRA FLOODS 2005 1,094
6. KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 2005 1,360
7. KOSI FLOODS 2008 527
8. CYCLONE NISHA 2008 204
9. NATURAL DISASTERS 2009 1,677
10. NATURAL DISASTERS 2010 2,310

26. UNNATURAL DEATHS IN INDIA IN 2009 -ANALYSIS

27.  The Disaster Management Act 2005, defines disaster as “a
catastrophe, mishap, calamity or grave occurrence in any area,
arising from natural or man-made causes, or by accident or
negligence which results in substantial loss of life or human
suffering or damage to, and destruction of, property, or damage
to, or degradation of, environment, and is of such nature or
magnitude as to be beyond the coping capacity of the community
of the affected area.”
 United Nations -“the occurrence of sudden or major misfortune
which disrupts the basic fabric and normal functioning of the
society or community.”

28. Geological: Hydro-metrological: Biological:
Earthquakes floods Outbreaks of
tsunamis tropical cyclones epidemic diseases
volcanic activity rain/wind/dust storms plant or animal
landslides drought contagion
desertification
avalanches insect plagues and
wild land fires extensive infestations.
mud flows extreme temperatures
cloudburst

29. • Chemical
• Biological
• Radiological
• Nuclear
• Transport (Air/Railways/Road traffic/Marine)
• Urban Flooding – One of the major causes
• Riots/Civic Disturbances
• Terrorism

30.  LEVEL 1 – the local disaster response
management is adequate
 LEVEL 2 – support is required from regional
resources – state, province
 LEVEL 3: support is required from national
resources
 LEVEL 4 – support is required from
international resources

31.  A single “all hazards” plan
 A comprehensive approach
▪ Prevention and mitigation
▪ Preparedness
▪ Response
▪ Recovery
 Integration of agencies and organizations
 Community Preparedness

32.  APPROACH
 Paradigm Shift from Response Centric to a Holistic and Integrated
Approach.
 Backed by – Institutional Framework and Legal Authority.
 Supported by Financial Mechanism, Creation of new Funds, i.e.,
Response Fund and Mitigation Fund.
 DM STRUCTURE
 NDMA set up as the Apex Body with Hon‟ble PM as Chairperson.
 DM Structure – At all three levels i.e. National, State and District.
 National Executive Committee (NEC) - Secretaries of 14 Ministries and
Chief of Integrated Defence Staff Function as Executive Committee of
NDMA.

33. POWER & FUNCTIONS OF THE NDMA
• Lay down Policies on Disaster Management;
• Approve the National Plan;
• Approve Plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of
the Government of India in accordance with the National
Plan;
• Lay down Guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities
in drawing up the States Plan;
• Lay down Guidelines to be followed by the different
Ministries or Department of the Government of India for the
purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of
disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development
plans and projects;

34. ….. POWER & FUNCTIONS OF NDMA
• Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the Policy
and Plan for Disaster Management;
• Recommend provision of Funds for the purpose of
Mitigation;
• Provide such support to other countries affected by major
disasters as may be determined by the Central Government;
• Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster, or
the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building for
dealing with the threatening disaster situation or disaster as
it may consider necessary;
• Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning of
the National Institute of Disaster Management.

35.  Disaster Management is a multi-disciplinary process, all Central
Ministries and Departments will have a key role in the field of
disaster management.
 Nodal Ministries and Departments of Government of India will
address specific disasters as assigned to them as :-
(i) Drought - Ministry of Agriculture.
(ii) Epidemics & Biological Disaster - Ministry of Health.
(iii) Chemical Disaster - Ministry of Environment.
(iv) Nuclear Accidents & Leakages - Dept. of Atomic Energy.
(v) Railway Accidents - Ministry of Railways.
(vi) Air Accidents - Ministry of Civil Aviation.
(vii) Natural Disasters & Civil Strife - Ministry of Home Affairs.

36. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
TASKS ACCOMPLISHED
• Guidelines on Pandemic Preparedness Beyond 22 Apr 08.
Health.
• Cyclones. 24 Apr 08.
• Biological. 22 Aug 08.
• Nuclear and Radiological Emergencies 24 Feb 09.
(Unclassified, Part – I).
• Guidelines for Disaster Response Training at the Mar 09.
Centre & States – NDRF & SDRFs.
• Landslides & Snow Avalanches. 23 Jun 09.
• Chemical Terrorism Disasters. 04 Aug 09.
• Psycho Social and Mental Health Care. 20 Jan 10.
• Incident Response System. 21 Jul 10.
• Strengthening of Safety and Security for 26 Jul 10.
Transportation of POL Tankers.

37. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
TASKS ACCOMPLISHED
• Threats to Municipal Water Supply and Water Reservoirs. 26 Jul 10.
• Mechanism to Detect, Prevent and Respond to 11 Aug 10.
Radiological Emergencies in India.
• Management of the Dead in the Aftermath of Disaster. 17 Aug 10.
• Minimum Standards of Relief –
Food in Relief Camps.
Sanitation & Hygiene in Disaster Relief. 30 Aug 10.
Water Supply in Relief Camps.
Medical Cover in Relief Camps.
• Tsunami. 03 Sep 10.
• Drought. Handed over to
Secretary
Agriculture on
24 Sep 10.
• Role of NGOs in Disaster Management Handed over on
24 Sep 10.
• Urban Flooding 27 Sep 2010.

38. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
TASKS ACCOMPLISHED
• National Policy on Disaster Management (DM) – Approved by the
Government on
22 Oct 09.
Guidelines Issued
27
• Guidelines for NIDM‟s Functioning. 13 Apr 06.
• Recommendations on Revamping of CD & Fire Dec 06.
Services.
• Earthquakes. 16 May 07.
• Chemical (Industrial) Disasters. 28 May 07.
• Formulation of State DM Plans. 16 Aug 07.
• Medical Preparedness and Mass Casualty 14 Nov 07.
Management.
• Floods. 17 Jan 08.

39. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
ONGOING ACTIVITIES AND MAJOR INITIATIVES
1. Guidelines – Under Finalization.
• Curriculum for Training of Civil Defence.
• Community Based Disaster Management.
• National Guidelines on Communication & Information Network.
• Nuclear – Radiological – Part II (Classified.)
• Micro Finance & Risk Insurance.
• Role of NGOs in Disaster Management.
• Post Disaster Reconstruction.
• Protection of Cultural Heritage & Monuments.
• Training Curriculum for Civil Defence.
• Fire Services.

40. LOCAL CAPACITIES NEED REINFORCEMENT AND
AUGMENTATION
So what to do ? ……

41.  ????????????????
 DO WE HAVE SOME SOLUTIONS ???

42. Search & Rescue
First Aid
Transfer/Evacuate to Medical institutions
Restoration of Essential services eg Medical services, Water,
Electricity, Communication networks, etc
Provision of Minimum Standards of Disaster in Relief Camps eg.
Food, Drinking water, Shelter, Sanitation, Medical cover
Disposal of Dead bodies
Prevention of Epidemics
Debris Removal

44. Individual
Organiz- Enabling
environm-
ational ent

45.  Community
 EMERGENCY SUPPORT FUNCTIONARIES (ESFs)
 Police
 Fire & Emergency Services
 Civil Defence
 Home Guards
 State Disaster Response Force
 Youth Organisations
 National Service Scheme
 National Cadet Corps
 Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan
 NGOs

46. AREAS FOR TRAINING IN EMERGENCY RESPONSE
DRILLS
AND
PROCEDURES
TRAINED
DART
PREPOSITIONED RAPID
STOCKPILES MOBILISATION
EFFECTIVE
FORCE COMMUNICATIONS EMERGENCY
MULTIPIERS FUNDS

47.  ARMED FORCES
 NDRF
 TRAININGS BY NIDM
 TRAININGS BY STATE DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRES
 TRAININGS BY NCDC AND NFSC
 PANCHAYATI RAJ INSTITUTIONS
 AWARENESS CAMPAIGNS
 INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION
CAMPAIGNS
 EMERGENCY MEDICAL PREPAREDNESS
 SCHOOL SAFETY
 COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT
 TECHNICAL/SECTOR SPECIFIC TRAININGS FOR
STAKEHOLDERS (HAZARD SPECIFIC)
 CHEMICAL INDUSTRIAL DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
 MOCK DRILLS

48.  Armed Forces are called when the
situation is beyond the coping capacity
of the Civil Administration.
 Form Core of the Government‟s
Response Capacity and tend to be
First Responders in addition to the
initiatives of NDRF & SDRF
 Assisting in fields of Capacity
Development & Preparedness:-
 NBC Training
 Heliborne insertion
 High Altitude Rescue
 Diving / Rescue in water
 Participation in Mock Exercise

49. NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT AUTHORITY
AREA OF RESPONSIBILITY OF NDRF BNS

50. • 10 Bns : 3 each from BSF & CRPF and
2 each from CISF & ITBP
 Each Bn authorized 1150 personnel
 Each Bn has 18 specialist teams of 45 members to handle
natural & NBC disasters
 Each team of 45 has 1 Doctor, 2 Engineers, 2 paramedics, 1
technician, 1 electrician & 1 dog squad
 Total No.- 18 teams x 10Bns = 180 teams

51. NDRF : SPECIAL FEATURES
 A multi-disciplinary, Multi-skilled high-tech Force
capable of responding to all natural disasters &
CBRN emergencies
 Trained & Equipped as per International Standards
of INSARAG (UN OCHA, Geneva)
 Pro-actively available to states

52. NDRF:SPECIAL FEATURES
 Dedicated exclusively for Disaster Response
 No country in the world has such large Force
(1100+ personnel/ 180 teams) dedicated for
Disaster Response only

53. 1. Search & Rescue : (Earthquake)
* INSARAG (UNOCHA) Trg. Standard
* ADPC, Bangkok
* USAID : PEER Programme
* Swiss Development Corpn, Berne
* Adv. SAR Trg. Florida (USA)
2. Canine : (Earthquake)
* Adv. Dog Handlers Trg. SDC, Berne

54. . Helislithering :
3
IAF Base, Nahan (HQ)
4. Under Water Rescue
* Life saving society, Kolkata
* Sea Explorer Institute, Kolkata
5. NBC Emergencies
* College of Military Engineering, Pune
* DRDE Gwalior
* Singapore Civil Def. Academy
* Organisation for Prohibition of Chemical
Weapons (OPCW). The Hague (Netherlands)

55. Disaster Response:
 Deployed in 125 operations so far.
 Saved/ Rescued 2,33,494 lives & retrieved
667 bodies
 Kosi Flood (Aug 2008): saved/ rescued
1,05,000 people

56.  CAPACITY BUILDING PROJECT IN
PARTNERSHIP WITH IGNOU FOR PRIs

57.  AUDIO-VISUAL CAMPAIGNS (HAZARD
SPECIFIC)
 EARTHQUAKE AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
 CYCLONE AWARENESS CAMPAIGN
 FLOOD AWARENESS CAMPIAGN
 INFORMATION, EDUCATION AND
COMMUNICATION (IEC) ACTIVITIES IN ALL
STATES AND UTs

58. Certified Medical First
Responders (MFRs) will be :-
 Fully trained in resuscitation,
triage and Basic Life
Support;
 Well-equipped and supported
by all emergency services
and material logistics;
 Informed continuously about
the dynamics of the disaster,
based on indicators;
 Communication backups at
the Incident Response site to
handle all kinds of Mass
Casualty events within the
golden hour .

65.  PRE-HOSPITAL CARE
 HOSPITAL SAFETY
 HOSPITAL CONTINGENCY PLANNING
 SKILL DEVELOPMENT TRAININGS LIKE
ATLS, ATCN, PHTLS, BDLS, ACLS, ADLS
 EMERGENCY MEDICAL SERVICES
 HOSPITAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT
 MASS CASUALTY MANAGEMENT
 PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCIES

66. Hospital DM Plan will be a
part of “all hazard”
District DM Plan catering
to :-
 Emergency medicines,
 Crisis Expansion of Beds,
 Coordinated structured
framework with detailed
actions and roles of each
health care provider
 Emergency Support
Functions
 Rehearsed twice a year
through Mock Drills
 Networking with Private
Medical establishments

67. o On-site management of mass casualties.
o Self-contained hospital capable of providing advanced life-
support facilities at the Incident site having an Operation
Theatre, X-ray facilities, Central Sterile Supply Department,
Laboratories, and Acute wards.
o Capacity of hospital beds can be enhanced.

68.  Integrated Ambulance Network (IAN)
including road, rail, aerial and water
ambulance networks integrated at various
levels.
 Equipped with :-
 Personnel trained in Basic Life Support.
 Basic Life saving equipment and drugs.
 It will work in conjunction with:-
 Emergency Response Centres (ERCs),
 Medical services, and
 Evacuation Plan of district, based on the
Public-Private Partnership model.

69. 69

70. TAKING ACTION IN SCHOOLS
SCHOOL AWARENESS AND SAFETY PROGRAMME - A step towards school safety
Promoting Demonstrating Training and Structural and
Awareness and Disaster Risk Capacity Non - Structural
Education Management - School Building Risk Reduction
activities Disaster Management
Plan and Mock drills

71.  Community being the First Responder for any disaster or
emergency
 Mechanism to incorporate community best practices to develop a
resilient community
 Capacity Development of ASHA/VLH&S Committees/RKS/AWW
 Capacity Development of Railway functionaries at Railway
Stations, Security Guards in RWA
 Capacity Development of Civil Defence volunteers,
NCC/NSS/NYKS
 Development of Certified Medical First Responders

72.  Total Mock Exercises Done so far - 482
 States/UT covered - 35
 Districts covered - 141
 MAH Industries Covered - 101
 Petroleum Industries - 22
 Industries Sensitized - 196.
 Industrial workers trained - 1,78,000
 Community sensitized - 6.25 (industries)/>23.9 lac (overall)
 „On-site‟ Plans made/revisited - 1854/1783
 „Off-site‟ Plans formulated - 300/190.
 Extensive coverage by print & electronic media.
 NDMA conducted mocks for CWG, Hockey World Cup, Cricket World
Cup, IPL, DMRC, Kolkata Metro, DIAL, BIAL, Formula 1, INSARAG
Regional Exercise on Earthquake. School Safety Demonstration
Project
 Increased demand from States, Public and even from private sector.

81.  CEMEx = Conducted b/w 4th and 8th August 2011 at
Chennai
DEMEx - Scheduled for Delhi, HEMEx - Scheduled for Hyderabad
GEMEx = Scheduled for Guwahati, KEMEx – Scheduled for Kolkata

82. Urban millions live in an increasingly volatile environment
which is susceptible to both manmade and natural calamities
leading to unprecedented humanitarian crises.
Twenty-three urban centers in India have more than a million
inhabitants, and 30% to 40% of urban dwellers are estimated to
live in poverty, even more alarming is the fact that urban
poverty is often underestimated
The efforts seek to examine and strengthen Urban
Emergency Response in Cities.

83.  Mass sensitization and public awareness on Urban
Emergency Management Services (U-EMS)
 Capacity enhancement of different stakeholders
involved in emergency management and response
 Test interagency communication, coordination and
interoperability.
 Assess and recommend areas for reinforcement
and improvement.
 Perspective plan (long term) for U-EMS in the city

84.  Around 12-16 different parallel learning tracks are
implemented to over 1000 people for about 5 to 6 days
followed by two rounds of joint simulations.
 5 to 6 days city wide learning exercises followed by
development needs assessment within different agencies.
 Followed up by preparation of a 5 year coordinated
perspective plan for U-EMS for the city. (long term)

85.  This multi-disciplinary training and exercise fosters the
development of skill sets focused on emergency management
during mass casualty events, while providing an opportunity for
local agencies to work together and practice a multi-
disciplinary, coordinated response to a local disaster.
 The train-the-trainer approach of the course and drill enables
local partners to eventually replicate the training and drill
elsewhere in the region.
 The course and drill helps identify the strengths and
weaknesses of the City's emergency management plans and
helps to better prepare the involved city for future events.

86. 1. Strengthening Early Warning Systems
2. Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction into
flagship schemes
3. Capacity Building within Government and
communities.

87. WITH NGOS &
OTHER
STAKEHOLDERS

88. THANK YOU
FOR
YOUR KIND ATTENTION
26TH AUGUST 2012