Smallholder pig value chains in East Africa

SMALLHOLDER PIGVALUE CHAINSIN EAST AFRICATom Randolph (ILRI) ILRI/ASARECA Cysticercosis Workshop ILRI, Nairobi, 21 September 2011

Pig numbers in Uganda, 1961-2008 (Source:FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2010 | 14 September 2010; MAAIF/UBOS 2009)
Pig numbers in Uganda, 1961-2008 (Source:FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2010 | 14 September 2010; MAAIF/UBOS 2009)
Background information
Meat production in Uganda
Type Amount
(1,000 tonnes)
Beef 96.8
Pigmeat 77.4
Chicken meat 44.1
Goat meat 24.6
Sheep meat 5.3
Source: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2010 | 14 September 2010
Pig production- a dynamic and rapid growth sector in the region
The trend- a fast growing sector in Uganda, possibly in Kenya and Tanzania
A rising demand for pork and pork products
Increasing human population
Changing tastes
Pig numbers in Uganda, 1961-2008 (Source: FAOSTAT | © FAO Statistics Division 2010 | 14 September 2010; MAAIF/UBOS 2009)

Structure of the Pork Sector
Large informal subsector
Backyard pig production
Few animals
Free-range, tethered
Peri-urban small-scale intensive
Uncoordinated trade & transport
Unsupervised slaughter in local markets, road-side butchers
Pork joints
In Uganda (2008 Livestock Census)
3.2 million pigs
1.1 households keep pigs
17% of all households

Distribution of pig keeping in Uganda
Percent of households keeping pigs, by district

Structure of the Pork Sector
Small formal subsector
Medium-scale piggeries
Urban slaughterhouses
Processors
Fresh Cuts (Uganda)
Farmers Choice (Kenya)
Outgrower scheme: Farmers Choice

Actors in a typical pork value chain
Farm-level
The pig farmer
Inputs & Services
Pig breeder
Vet / Animal Health worker
Agrovet / feed shop owners
Extensionists
Feed manufacturers and suppliers
Transporters- feed
Post-farm
Live-pig traders
Transporters
Slaughterers- includes the owners and the employees
Pork Butchers
Pork processors- large and medium
Supermarkets / pork hotels / pork joints
Consumers

Immense potentialfor pro-poor development
Sure market
Lucrative
Intensification can be incremental, doesn’t require quantum leaps in investment, know-how
Often women’s activity
Segmented market: rewarding quality, supplying the poor
Opportunities for significant efficiency gains
Largely ignored by policymakers
Competitive vis-à-vis commercial sector
Cultural pros and cons

Constraints in thesmallholder pig value chain
At farm level
Husbandry & management
Nutrition and feed
Swine health (ASF, others)
Genetics & breeding strategies
Access to information, services
Organizational strategies to achieve economies of scale
Specialization

Understanding the pig production cycle key intervention areas…
Selection? Health? Method used? Feeding?
How many times do you breed? Parity? When to cull? etc
Loss?
Loss??
Do farmers wean piglets at once?? Causes of delays in the next heat period ???
Loss?
The consequence of too early or delayed weaning??? Piglet health
Loss?

Constraints in thesmallholder pig value chain
At market level
Organizational strategies
Information asymmetries: market information, standards
Slaughter technologies and infrastructure (by-product losses)
Minimal attention to disease control and public health concerns
Underdeveloped processing sector

The Informal pig chain systems
A major characteristic in rural smallholder production systems
The need to understand the role of the informal systems in promoting the livelihoods of the poor
Understanding and promoting these through a number of method- existing policies

The Breeding pig- an opportunity for improvement in the pig sector
The important role of breeding pigs in the communities
They present the main sources of weaned pigs

Opportunities…..
Intensification through better technologies
Improve efficiency to lower production costs and increase profitability
Institutional innovations- service hubs for farmer groups, contract farming schemes etc
Increase supply, reduce wastage and promote value addition
Improve pork quality
Vertical and horizontal integration efforts- research using the value chain approach

A role of improved diagnostics?
For conventional disease control:
Early diagnosis, management and reduced disease risks
National disease monitoring and surveillance
Wider applications for market development:
Improved public health that would increase consumer confidence - avoid consumer scares
Correct information asymmetries in marketing

THANK YOU

Actors in the pig value chain
The pig farmers
Traders / Butchers
Slaughterhouses
Owners, employees
Transporters
Bicycles, motor cycles
Pork Hotels
Consumers

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Smallholder pig value chains in East Africa

by ILRI on Sep 29, 2011

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