Livestock goods - Pathways out of poverty: experiences from South Asia

LIVESTOCK GOODS: PATHWAYS OUT OF POVERTY EXPERIENCES FROM SOUTH EAST ASIA Narayan G. Hegde BAIF Development Research Foundation Dr. Manibhai Desai Nagar, Warje, Pune 411058, India www.baif.org.in

CHALLENGES OF RURAL INDIA
Rural Population 65-70 %
Dependency on Agriculture 80-85 %
Land Holding:
Landless 18.83 %
Marginal Holders (< 1 ha) 46.16 %
Small Holders (1 to 2 ha) 14.72 %
Rural Poverty 30-40 %
Over 75% farmers being small land holders,
livestock is the major source of livelihood

LIVESTOCK STATUS IN SOUTH EAST ASIA Livestock India Pakistan Bangladesh Nepal Sri Lanka Bhutan China Vietnam Indonesia Population in Million (2006) Cattle 185 30 24 7 1.5 0.35 118 6.5 11 Buffaloes 98 27 1 3 0.3 0.001 23 3 2.5 Sheep 61 26 1.1 1 0.4 0.03 174 -- 8.5 Goats 124 53 33 6 0.02 199 1.5 14 Total 469 137 59 17 2.2 0.40 514 11 36 Annual Production (Million tons) Milk 97 37 2 1 0.4 -- 36 0.2 1 Meat 4.9 2.4 0.6 0 -- -- 81 3 2.5 Total 101.9 39.4 2.6 1 0.4 -- 117 3.2 3.5

Livestock Goods in the SAARC REGION
Bhutan has 0.3 m. yaks on high altitude (Above 3000 m);
Yak and Mithun are used for breeding cattle to improve fat in milk in the Himalayan regions;
Livestock is an important source of livelihood for small farmers, as 50 to 80% families own small herds of ruminants;
Milk, meat, bullock power for agriculture and dung for manure are the benefits from livestock;
Genetic improvement, improved nutrition, disease
containment and investment in processing of milk and meat are major priorities in these countries.
Bos frontalis Cross of yak Bos grunniens

GOODS: LIVELIHOOD OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT
DAIRY DEVELOPMENT
Demand for milk by 2022: 180 MT/year (80% more)
Potential for increased Milk Consumption:75 kg/year
GOAT AND SHEEP DEVELOPMENT
Small holders dependent for livelihood
Increasing demand for meat
Good scope for sustainable goat husbandry
PIGGERY, POULTRY AND FISHERY
Source of livelihood for landless
Opportunities in selected locations

LIVESTOCK DEVELOPMENT: APPROACHES FOR SUSTAINABLITY
Issues
Milk yield: 600 kg/ lactation
Agricultural income for landless and marginal land-owners is very low
Drain on resources
Biotic pressure on environment
Action
Artificial insemination
at doorsteps with elite germplasm
Motivation, follow up and monitoring
Coverage of cattle, buffaloes and goats
Support Activities: Minor veterinary care, forage production, feeding
Impact
Milk yield: 2,200 – 3,000 kg/ lactation
Increase in income:
Rs. 7,000-8,000 /cow/year
Each crossbred worth Rs.25,000-30,000
Livelihood for women
Food & nutrition security
Employment generation
Environmental Sustainability:
Forest conservation - Stall feeding decreases pressure on forests
Organic farming – dung used as farmyard manure; efficient recycling
Renewable energy - Biogas plant
Less pressure on environment - Farmer maintains a smaller herd of productive cattle

CROSSBRED COWS: ‘GOODS
Milk yield: 2200 - 2700 kg / lactation / cow
Net Income: USD180 / cow / year; Families with 3 crossbreds are out of Poverty
Community pasture development and Stall -feeding: Conservation of Eco-system
Increased Dung Collection; Biogas plants
Efficient Recycling of Nutrients: Dung and Crop residues;
Use of Bullock Energy
Women’s preference for livestock leading to their empowerment
Assured supply to meet growing demand for milk and other products
Crossbred bullock in action Crossbreds to eradicate poverty

Shift from large unproductive herd to small
herd of high yielding cattle
Good incentive to promote fodder cultivation
on barren lands
Food security for majority of small
farmers
Over 3 million families in 55000 villages
availing services of which 60-70% are out of
poverty
DAIRY HUSBANDRY PROGRAMME OF BAIF GOOD IMPACTS OF

LIVESTOCK BADS?
Pressure on natural resources for fodder, resulting
in denudation of vegetation and loss of biodiversity
Emission of Green House Gases to accelerate
Global Warming

TRANSFORMING BADS INTO GOODS?
SOLUTIONS WITHIN THE REACH
Development of community lands and private wastelands
into silvipastures
Population reduction through productivity improvement
Promotion of stall-feeding
Efficient use of crop residues as fodder
Research initiatives to reduce emission of GHC s

Livestock induce forage production on wastelands

COMMUNITY PASTURE MANAGEMENT
OPPORTUNITIES

Effective participation of community
Viable Investment
Fodder security
Soil and water conservation
Improved Eco-system

AWARENESS ON REDUCING METHANE EMISSION
Balanced feeding
Improving feed quality
Breeding superior quality forage
Improving Health status
Introduction of efficient microbes and methane traps
Efficient management of dung: Biogas and FYM
Livestock population Control:
Breed conservation policy
Breed improvement
Selection, culling and export

THANK YOU [email_address] www.baif.org.in

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