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Gender in Value Chain: ILRI/IPMS
     Experience in Ethiopia




 Ephrem Tesema
Multi-Stakeholder’s Symposium on Empowering Women in Value Chains
              Beshale Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15 March 2012
Outline

 Background
 Objective
 Target PLW
 Objective of Gender Analysis
 Methods & Processes
 Findings & Learning
 Conclusion
Background to ILRI/IPMS Project

 Market Oriented Agricultural Productivity
  (Crop & Livestock)
 Gender Sensitive Approach
 Innovative Approach
 Targeted Smallholder men & women
  Farmers
 Commodity Based
Objective of ILRI/IPMS

   Increased Productivity

   Ensured Market Success

   Capacity Building and Partnership
Target PLW

 10 PLW in 4 regions
 4PAS/woreda
 10-28 community members/PA
 1/3-1/2 are women participants
 Separate discussions held with M&W
 4 communities involved in the analysis
Objective IPMS Gender Analysis

   To understand the role of men & women in
    rural communities:
    -Production
    -Marketing
    -Decision Making
    - Benefit Sharing
Gender Objective Cont’d

 To identify potential barriers:
  -For men’s and women’s participation in
  market led development initiative
 To identify

  -The required action by the project
  -potential partners
Methods and Processes

 M hd
    et
M hd
 et
M hd
 et
M hd
 et
M hd
 et                     T
  M e
Focus of the Analysis

 Division of labor in commodity production
 Gender roles in marketing commodities
 Access, control and benefits of resources
 Control of income from the sale of
  commodities
 Decision making roles…
Sharing & Dissemination

   Using various events
   Using various communication Mediums
   Publication
    -Working papers
    -Participatory toolkits
    -Training manuals
    -IEC Materials
Findings/Learning (Gender in Rural
                Population)

   Gender Characteristics of Rural populations
   Women
       -Workload of rural women In Ethiopia
       -Most rural women work 10-12 hours/day
       -Vary b/n wet & dry season
       -Have little time for leisure or socializing
       -Major source of labor in agriculture
Findings/Learning Cont’d

  -Engaged in diverse off-farm activities,
  -Influenced by the local farming
  systems
  -Resource endowments
  -Wealth in rich and middle wealth hhs
  -Half less time to participate in formal dev.
Findings/Learning Cont’d

  -Sell fuel wood, sorghum/maize stalk
  -Engaged in cotton spinning or injera
  making for sell
  -Brewing and selling local alcohol
 Men
  -Work as casual laborer on farm and
  in the home of rich HHs
Findings/Learning Cont’d

  -Men also undertake a wide range of off-
  farm activities influenced by wealth
  -Rich men involved in activities that
  require capital
  -Trading in agricultural product
  -Investing in processing equipments
  -Lending money
  -Poor HHs work as casual laborers
  -Migrate temporarily for work
Findings/Learning Cont’d

  -In rain fed farming systems, men’s
  workload is lightest during the dry season
  compared to HHs with access to irrigated
  land
 FHH
  -15-35% average in Ethiopia
  -Belongs to poorer HH in most communities
Findings/Learning Cont’d

•   -Few FHH in the rich or middle wealth
    categories
    -The challenges of FHHs are different
    from those MHHs
    -Often overlooked by development
    partners
Findings/Learning Cont’d

Production (skill, input & Technology)
Men
 -Dominate decisions HH /information
 -Higher access for technology/Skills
 -Higher control for productive assets
 -Dominate decision in Technology uptake
Findings/Learning Cont’d

Women
 Lack of access for formal information
  sources
 Lack of access for skills training
 Lack of access for extensions services
 Less involved in uptake of improved T.
 But situations vary ( HH types, region etc.)
Key Lessons from IPMS

   Couples Training
   Enforce gender balanced involvement in
    Trainings
   Taking skills to the village (FTC)
   Capacitate front line development agents
   Women’s involvement:
    - field day, visits, exhibitions etc.
   Linkage with GO,NGO and PS
Key Lessons from IPMS

 Women Dominated commodities
 Men Dominated commodities
 Commodities done by both sexes
 Training Composition (%)
 Ways of Information Dissemination
Findings/Learning Cont’d

   Market( men, women, poor, middle & rich)
    -Men from R & M HH sell major crops
    -Travel distant markets/secure better prices
    -Women & poor farmers accept prices at
    local markets
    -Same directly sell to consumers
    -Men in better off HH sell P. to P. traders
    & cooperatives
Key Lesson from Marketing

 Market engagement differs for men &
  women (wealth & HH category)
 Women have little control over high value
  crops
 Of 13 crop commodities men controls
  income from 11crops
 Women controls & share income only
  from 2 crops
Challenges

   Partnership
   Availability of Technology
   Partner staff mobility
   Gender balance in partner public org.
   Capital scarcity stands as a major barrier
     -women farmers
    - poor
    - tends to leave them out of the technology
    development process
Conclusion
     While designing projects
  -Gender diagnostic analysis
  -women potentials not part of the problems
     It is also relevant to consider
  • -input preferences of women in the
    value chain analysis (market/home
    consumption)
  • -Mapping men and women roles
  • -Its relevance in gender in value chain
Conclusion

•   - Challenges of men/women in technology
    uptake
•   -Challenges in accessing financial and
    other productive resources
•   -Mapping institutions along the value
    chain and its gender aspect
Conclusion

Emphasis:
 It is required to conduct site and
 commodity specific analysis to
 understand gender roles and
 relations in livestock and crop value
 chain:
 Diagnostic…Gender in V C.
Thanks




 W/ro Elfinesh Bermeji, a successful women farmer sharing her experience on beekeeping
 for AGP-gender Trainees, from Tigrai, Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP Regional
 State,Denkaka PA, Adaa IPMS Pilot Learning Woreda, Oromia,Photo by Ephrem
 Tesema,Nov.18,2011.

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Gender in value chain: ILRI/IPMS experience in Ethiopia

  • 1. Gender in Value Chain: ILRI/IPMS Experience in Ethiopia Ephrem Tesema Multi-Stakeholder’s Symposium on Empowering Women in Value Chains Beshale Hotel, Addis Ababa, 15 March 2012
  • 2. Outline  Background  Objective  Target PLW  Objective of Gender Analysis  Methods & Processes  Findings & Learning  Conclusion
  • 3. Background to ILRI/IPMS Project  Market Oriented Agricultural Productivity (Crop & Livestock)  Gender Sensitive Approach  Innovative Approach  Targeted Smallholder men & women Farmers  Commodity Based
  • 4. Objective of ILRI/IPMS  Increased Productivity  Ensured Market Success  Capacity Building and Partnership
  • 5. Target PLW  10 PLW in 4 regions  4PAS/woreda  10-28 community members/PA  1/3-1/2 are women participants  Separate discussions held with M&W  4 communities involved in the analysis
  • 6. Objective IPMS Gender Analysis  To understand the role of men & women in rural communities: -Production -Marketing -Decision Making - Benefit Sharing
  • 7. Gender Objective Cont’d  To identify potential barriers: -For men’s and women’s participation in market led development initiative  To identify -The required action by the project -potential partners
  • 8. Methods and Processes  M hd et M hd et M hd et M hd et M hd et T M e
  • 9. Focus of the Analysis  Division of labor in commodity production  Gender roles in marketing commodities  Access, control and benefits of resources  Control of income from the sale of commodities  Decision making roles…
  • 10. Sharing & Dissemination  Using various events  Using various communication Mediums  Publication -Working papers -Participatory toolkits -Training manuals -IEC Materials
  • 11. Findings/Learning (Gender in Rural Population)  Gender Characteristics of Rural populations  Women -Workload of rural women In Ethiopia -Most rural women work 10-12 hours/day -Vary b/n wet & dry season -Have little time for leisure or socializing -Major source of labor in agriculture
  • 12. Findings/Learning Cont’d -Engaged in diverse off-farm activities, -Influenced by the local farming systems -Resource endowments -Wealth in rich and middle wealth hhs -Half less time to participate in formal dev.
  • 13. Findings/Learning Cont’d -Sell fuel wood, sorghum/maize stalk -Engaged in cotton spinning or injera making for sell -Brewing and selling local alcohol  Men -Work as casual laborer on farm and in the home of rich HHs
  • 14. Findings/Learning Cont’d -Men also undertake a wide range of off- farm activities influenced by wealth -Rich men involved in activities that require capital -Trading in agricultural product -Investing in processing equipments -Lending money -Poor HHs work as casual laborers -Migrate temporarily for work
  • 15. Findings/Learning Cont’d -In rain fed farming systems, men’s workload is lightest during the dry season compared to HHs with access to irrigated land  FHH -15-35% average in Ethiopia -Belongs to poorer HH in most communities
  • 16. Findings/Learning Cont’d • -Few FHH in the rich or middle wealth categories -The challenges of FHHs are different from those MHHs -Often overlooked by development partners
  • 17. Findings/Learning Cont’d Production (skill, input & Technology) Men -Dominate decisions HH /information -Higher access for technology/Skills -Higher control for productive assets -Dominate decision in Technology uptake
  • 18. Findings/Learning Cont’d Women  Lack of access for formal information sources  Lack of access for skills training  Lack of access for extensions services  Less involved in uptake of improved T.  But situations vary ( HH types, region etc.)
  • 19. Key Lessons from IPMS  Couples Training  Enforce gender balanced involvement in Trainings  Taking skills to the village (FTC)  Capacitate front line development agents  Women’s involvement: - field day, visits, exhibitions etc.  Linkage with GO,NGO and PS
  • 20. Key Lessons from IPMS  Women Dominated commodities  Men Dominated commodities  Commodities done by both sexes  Training Composition (%)  Ways of Information Dissemination
  • 21. Findings/Learning Cont’d  Market( men, women, poor, middle & rich) -Men from R & M HH sell major crops -Travel distant markets/secure better prices -Women & poor farmers accept prices at local markets -Same directly sell to consumers -Men in better off HH sell P. to P. traders & cooperatives
  • 22. Key Lesson from Marketing  Market engagement differs for men & women (wealth & HH category)  Women have little control over high value crops  Of 13 crop commodities men controls income from 11crops  Women controls & share income only from 2 crops
  • 23. Challenges  Partnership  Availability of Technology  Partner staff mobility  Gender balance in partner public org.  Capital scarcity stands as a major barrier -women farmers - poor - tends to leave them out of the technology development process
  • 24. Conclusion While designing projects -Gender diagnostic analysis -women potentials not part of the problems It is also relevant to consider • -input preferences of women in the value chain analysis (market/home consumption) • -Mapping men and women roles • -Its relevance in gender in value chain
  • 25. Conclusion • - Challenges of men/women in technology uptake • -Challenges in accessing financial and other productive resources • -Mapping institutions along the value chain and its gender aspect
  • 26. Conclusion Emphasis: It is required to conduct site and commodity specific analysis to understand gender roles and relations in livestock and crop value chain: Diagnostic…Gender in V C.
  • 27. Thanks W/ro Elfinesh Bermeji, a successful women farmer sharing her experience on beekeeping for AGP-gender Trainees, from Tigrai, Amhara, Oromiya and SNNP Regional State,Denkaka PA, Adaa IPMS Pilot Learning Woreda, Oromia,Photo by Ephrem Tesema,Nov.18,2011.