The epidemiology and ecology of infectious diseases of village chickens in Ethiopia and the role of co-infection in infection risk

The epidemiology and ecology of infectious diseases of village chickens in Ethiopia and the role of co‐infection in infection risk Judy Bettridge, Stacey Lynch, Paul Wigley, Rob Christley, Olivier Hanotte, Pete Kaiser, Zelalem Gutu, Takele Taye, Alemayehu Amare ,Supriya Garikipati, Kasech Malese and Tadelle Dessie ILRI, EIAR, University of Liverpool, University of Nottingham, University of Edinburgh Infectious disease and village chickens in Ethiopia •Local ecotypes are preferred to exotic birds. They are well adapted to Diseases under investigation: scavenging, rearing chicks and more resistant to disease. They however, •Viral diseases have low production outputs in terms of eggs and meat. •Bacterial diseases •Infectious diseases has been named by farmers as a major constraint to •Intestinal parasites: poultry production •Haemoparasites •Limited information is available regarding the pathogens responsible for the •Ectoparasites diseases observed and risk factors for infection. • The role of host susceptibility and co‐infections remain largely unstudied. The production environment of these birds means exposure to multiple Sampling Strategy diseases is common. •Birds will be screened for exposure to parasitic, bacterial and viral diseases, including some that are immunosuppressive.• A laboratory has been established at EIAR’s Debre Zeit poultry Horro 2 Regions, both in the highland areas, but with different social demographicsfarm.Preliminary results: First Season (May 2011) JarsoOutbreaks are reported to cause losses throughout the year. Outbreaks 4 Market sheds (groups of peak in the wet season in the Horro (H1 &H2), compared to Jarso (J1& villages dependent on a single market)J1). Farmers in Horro often have more than one outbreak per year. 8 villages 25 households in each village per sampling season ..................................... 2 birds from each household Household / Village / Market Shed / Region Previous disease Previous BCS treatment Production state Weight Feed provision Sex Age Source Season Housing Analysis of NDV Amount confined Risk factors Length of time in flock Salmonella Pasteurella Mixing with other birds Ectoparasites Prevalence of selected pathogens (Horro and Jarso IBD MDV combined) Nematodes Eimeria Differential white cell counts Positive Negative Salmonella Project aims 1. Identify and prioritise infectious diseases of village poultry that Mareks disease impact on production and productivity and hence livelihood; 2. Define the prevalence and distribution of genetic markers of Lice resistance within and between well‐defined local poultry ecotypes and between local ecotypes and commercial lines; Scaly-leg mite 3. Assess the social and economic factors underpinning village poultry production, particularly the impact of infectious diseases and Nematodes identification of impediments to development of acceptable disease Eimeria control programmes (including selective breeding); 4. Develop strategies for enhancing genetic resistance against the priority poultry diseases for incorporation into programmes for 0 20 40 60 80 100 Prevalence improved poultry production and productivity whilst recognising social, cultural and economic factors 5. Develop capacity and inform policy for control of priority avian diseases in East Africa. www.CH4D.wordpress.com Licensed for use under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License. Produced November 2011.

The epidemiology and ecology of infectious diseases of village chickens in Ethiopia and the role of co-infection in infection risk

by ILRI on Dec 08, 2011

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The epidemiology and ecology of infectious diseases of village chickens in Ethiopia and the role of co-infection in infection risk — Document Transcript