Poster prepared by E. Sambo, J. Bettridge, Tadelle Dessie, A. Amare, T. Habte, P. Wigley and R. Christley for the Annual Meeting of the Society of Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Madrid, Spain, 20-22 March 2013.
Automation Ops Series: Session 2 - Governance for UiPath projects
Participatory evaluation of chicken health and production constraints in Ethiopia
1. Par$cipatory
evalua$on
of
chicken
health
and
produc$on
constraints
in
Ethiopia
E.
Sambo1
,
J.
Be.ridge1,2,
T.
Dessie2,
A.
Amare3,
T.
Habte3,
P.
Wigley1
and
R.
Christley1
1
Ins&tute
of
Infec&on
and
Global
Health,
University
of
Liverpool,
UK;
2
Interna&onal
Livestock
Research
Ins&tute,
Addis,
Ababa,
Ethiopia
3
Debre
Zeit
Agricultural
Research
Centre,
Ethiopian
Ins&tute
for
Agriculture
Research,
Debre
Zeit,
Ethiopia
Chicken
produc$on
• Backyard
chicken
producGon
is
important
for
income
generaGon
and
food
security,
especially
for
poor
rural
farmers
• It
is
oJen
the
only
source
of
independent
income
for
women
• Ethiopia
has
a
growing
number
of
semi-‐intensive
farms
in
peri-‐
urban
areas,
to
meet
the
increasing
demand
for
poultry
products
from
the
emerging
middle-‐class
urban
sector
• The
area
around
Debre
Zeit
is
a
focus
of
poultry
producGon,
with
potenGal
access
to
several
local
insGtuGons
with
veterinary
and
agricultural
experGse
and
materials
Conclusions
• Constraints
in
accessing
agricultural
and
veterinary
inputs
and
experGse
affect
both
backyard
and
semi-‐intensive
producers
• Although
poultry
development
schemes
are
cited
to
empower
women,
semi-‐intensive
farms
are
usually
controlled
by
men
• Provision
needs
to
be
made
so
that
a
wide
range
of
business
models
can
access
inputs,
especially
for
those
with
limited
capital,
such
as
women,
who
may
need
to
build
up
a
flock
slowly
• Constraints
are
likely
to
be
more
acute
elsewhere,
as
they
will
be
compounded
by
lack
of
infrastructure
Methods
• Eight
focus
group
discussions
were
held
with
41
backyard
producers
in
villages
around
Debre
Zeit
• Semi-‐structured
interviews
were
held
with
31
individual
semi-‐intensive
farmers
• Topics
discussed
included:
₋ livelihood
and
livestock
acGviGes
₋ poultry
management
₋ constraints
to
poultry
producGon
₋ poultry
diseases,
clinical
signs
and
risk
factors
₋ biosecurity
measures
• Simple
ranking,
proporGonal
piling,
seasonal
calendars
and
transect
walks
were
used
to
collect
data
Results
• ParGcipants
agreed
that
chicken
producGon
was
important
for
women,
yet
they
tend
to
manage
backyard
flocks,
whereas
men
oJen
control
semi-‐intensive
flocks
• Chicken
producGon
was
not
a
primary
source
of
income.
Most
farmers
were
engaged
in
mixed
livelihood
acGviGes,
and
semi-‐
intensive
producers
oJen
had
non-‐agricultural,
salaried
work
• ParGcipants
could
recognise
and
describe
a
variety
of
diseases,
and
had
good
knowledge
about
potenGal
risk
factors
• Biosecurity
was
poor,
and
veterinary
products
and
experGse
hard
to
access,
leading
to
inappropriate
use
of
drugs
and
vaccines,
therefore
disease
was
sGll
a
constraint
for
both
types
of
producer
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Semi-intensive producers
(a) Production constraints
Score
1
2
3
4
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
Backyard producers
Neighbours
Predators
Poor production
Shelter
Vet services
Poor markets
Day-old chicks
Disease
Feed
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(b) Diseases
0
2
4
6
8
10
Endoparasites
Pasteurelosis
CRD
Fowl pox
Eye disease
Ectoparasitism
Coccidiosis
Diarrhoea
NCD
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(c) Risk factors
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of vaccines
Trade of sick birds
Carcases
Dew
Season
Scavenging
Early rain/grass
Poor management
Poor biosecurity
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(d) Veterinary services
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugs
Small flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibility
Cost
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Semi-intensive producers
(a) Production constraints
Score
1
2
3
4
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
Backyard producers
Neighbours
Predators
Poor production
Shelter
Vet services
Poor markets
Day-old chicks
Disease
Feed
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(b) Diseases
0
2
4
6
8
10
Endoparasites
Pasteurelosis
CRD
Fowl pox
Eye disease
Ectoparasitism
Coccidiosis
Diarrhoea
NCD
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(c) Risk factors
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of vaccines
Trade of sick birds
Carcases
Dew
Season
Scavenging
Early rain/grass
Poor management
Poor biosecurity
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(d) Veterinary services
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugs
Small flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibility
Cost
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Semi-intensive producers
(a) Production constraints
Score
1
2
3
4
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
Backyard producers
Neighbours
Predators
Poor production
Shelter
Vet services
Poor markets
Day-old chicks
Disease
Feed
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(b) Diseases
0
2
4
6
8
10
Endoparasites
Pasteurelosis
CRD
Fowl pox
Eye disease
Ectoparasitism
Coccidiosis
Diarrhoea
NCD
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(c) Risk factors
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of vaccines
Trade of sick birds
Carcases
Dew
Season
Scavenging
Early rain/grass
Poor management
Poor biosecurity30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(d) Veterinary services
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugs
Small flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibility
Cost
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Semi-intensive producers
(a) Production constraints
Score
1
2
3
4
5
0
2
4
6
8
10
Backyard producers
Neighbours
Predators
Poor production
Shelter
Vet services
Poor markets
Day-old chicks
Disease
Feed30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(b) Diseases
0
2
4
6
8
10
Endoparasites
Pasteurelosis
CRD
Fowl pox
Eye disease
Ectoparasitism
Coccidiosis
Diarrhoea
NCD
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(c) Risk factors
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of vaccines
Trade of sick birds
Carcases
Dew
Season
Scavenging
Early rain/grass
Poor management
Poor biosecurity
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
(d) Veterinary services
0
2
4
6
8
10
Lack of drugs
Ineffective drugs
Small flock size
Lack of vaccines
Lack of expert vets
Vet accessibility
Cost