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- 1. IIBA Meeting
July 1, 2010
Suzanne Robertson
Principal
The Atlantic Systems Guild
www.volere.co.uk
www.systemsguild.com
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 1
- 3. Too little or too much?
• Every project has requirements
• How do we avoid unnecessary requirements
without missing necessary ones?
• How do we minimise the work (meetings, documents, reviews, decisions)
involved in communicating and managing necessary requirements?
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited
Copyright the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited
Copyrigh
pyright Atlantic Systems Gui Limited
lant yste uild imit 3
- 4. Five influences on a balanced diet
1. Project Charter
2. Prioritisation
3. Statutory Need
4. Organisational Health
5. Focus on Content
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 4
- 5. 1
Project Charter
• A written constitution that authorises the project, and
describes its objectives and constraints
• This is the highest level requirement
Investment Benefits
Project
Success criteria charter Opportunities
Resources
Scope
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 5
- 6. ...Project Charter
Pattern: Loud and Clear
The project’s goals are clearly and repeatedly articulated
Ref: Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Patterns of Project Behaviour. DeMarco, Hruschka,
Lister, McMenamin, Robertson and Robertson. Dorset House New York, 2008
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 6
- 7. Prioritisation
2 Viewer/
Listener
Sounds
New
DVD/ Profile
Pictures CD
and
Scope of investigation
Technology
Updated
Technology
The Work of
Controlling
Entertainment
New
Viewer/
Listener
using EC
webpage
Prompt
Updated
New
Technology
Technology
Profile
Technology
Controller
DVDPlayer
DVD
DVD
Scope of product
Command TV
Status Signal
Entertainment
Controller
Product
Status
Television
TV
Command
Signal
Speaker
Status Speaker
Command
Signal
CD Status
Speakers
Technology Technology
Profile
Technology Entertainment Manufacturer CD
Specification CD Player
Options Entertainment Technology Command
Choice Specification Signal
Technology
Description Technology
Description
Viewer/
Manufacturer Listener Internet
using EC
Controller
• Prioritise early – as soon as you have something consistent to prioritise
• Encourage early exposure of conflict and need for resolution
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 7
- 8. ...prioritisation
• Which requirements contribute most to the project charter?
• Prioritise continually, whenever you go down a level of detail
• Record prioritisation decisions in the waiting room or on your
backlog Scope of
The work to be requirements
investigation
supported
Available Response to a
technology/arc Business event
hitecture
Business Business
Use Case Use Case
............
Constraint ............
Product Product
Require- Use Case Use Case
............
ment ............
Require-
Technological ment
requirements Require- ............
Require- ment
ment
Functional & Non-
IIBA Meeting 2010
Functional Requirements © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited
Copyright 8
- 9. 3
Statutory Need?
• Some industries have documentation and procedural review
rules/laws/standards that must be met e.g. Medical,
Aerospace, Defence.......
• Documentation before building
• But – some organisations fall into a habitual way of doing
things
• Every translation and duplication makes your requirements
fatter
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 9
- 10. Organisational Health
4Pattern: Babel
The project fails to develop a consistent language understood by all
members of the development team and stakeholder community
Ref: Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Patterns of Project Behaviour. DeMarco, Hruschka,
Lister, McMenamin, Robertson and Robertson. Dorset House New York, 2008
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 10
- 11. Words and meanings
• The names used in models, scenarios and atomic requirements are
defined in the dictionary
• Define the terms progressively rather than waiting until the end
• Use the dictionary as a way of sharing and reusing knowledge
PUC 1.1 Find Device Specs - Traceable back to BUC 1
New Technology Details of new technology that Device Name
a viewer wants to control + Device Model Number For each new device mentioned in the New Technology:
+ Manufacturer Name
- Prompt the Viewer/Listener to identify/provide the manufacturer/
d e v ice type/model number of the new device
Viewer/ - Accept manufacturer name/device type/model number from the
Listener V iewer/Listener
using EC - Search the web to find the matching manufacturer name/device
webpage
t ype/model number
DVDPlayer - Confirm the match with the Viewer/Listener
Television
- Get the device specification
PUC Number PUC Name BUC Number
1.1 (see PUC scenario 1.1) Find Device Specs 1 (see BUC scenario 1)
New Requirem Rqt Type Description Rationale Fit Criterion Other Related PUCs
Viewer/
Technology ent
Number Listener
DVD TV Speakers EC001 Functional The product shall prompt the Need to let the Viewer/Listener See definitions of device
Updated DVD Command TV
Viewer/Listener for the know what is required in order manufacturer name, device name
Technology Status Signal Command manufacturer name, device name
and model number.
to set up a new device. and model number in Terms and
Definitions New
Status Signal
EC002 Functional The product shall accept the Need to know which new See definitions of device
Technology
New Profile
device manufacturer device name
and device model from the the
Viewer/Listener
devices to add to the
controller's technology profile.
manufacturer name, device name
and model number in Terms and
Definitions
Technology EC003 Functional The product shall search the web
to find the matching manufacturer
Need to look for device
specifications.
See definitions of device
manufacturer name, device name Updated
Prompt Speaker name/device type/model
number
and model number in Terms and
Definitions Technology
Status Speaker
EC004 Functional The product shall confirm to the Need to ensure that the device See definitions of device
Command
Viewer/Listener that a matching
device has been located.
located is the one intended by
the Viewer/Listener.
manufacturer name, device name
and model number in Terms and DVD/ Profile
Entertainment Signal EC005 Functional The product shall get the device
specification for the matching
Need for the Entertainment
Controller to have the device
Definitions
See definitions of device
specification in Terms and Pictures CD
Controller EC006 Look and Feel
device. specification. Definitions.
The product shall be recognisable To promote the Easylife brand. Viewer/Listeners are able to All other PUC's with a direct and
Product as an Easylife product. recognise the product as an interface to the
Easylife product the first time they Viewer/Listener
Sounds
Controller CD Status EC007 Usability The product shall make it easy for To avoid annoying the
use it.
The Viewer/Listener can tell the
Technology the Viewer/Listener to enter the Viewer/Listener and wasting his product the manufacturer name,
manufacturer name, device name time. device name and model number The Work of
Profile and model number within n secs without any training
or need to consult instructions.
Controlling
Entertainment Manufacturer CD
EC008 Performance The product shall not cause any
physical harm to the
The product shall pass safety
certification tests A, B & C.
All other PUC's with
functionality that involves Entertainment
CD Player Viewer/Listener. contact between the
Technology
Options Entertainment Technology Command
electronic controller and the
Viewer/Listener.
EC009 Performance The product shall find the device To avoid annoying the The product finds the device
Choice Specification Signal specification quickly. Viewer/Listener. specification within n secs of the
Viewer/Listener telling the product
Technology
the device manufacturer name,
device name and model number.
Specification
Technology EC010 Operational The product shall run on the most To be compatible with the
popular Internet browsers. Viewer/Listener's environment.
All product's functions allocated to All other PUC's with
the internet must work as specified functionality that is allocated
Description using all the browsers specified in to the internet.
the Easylife Browser compatibility Technology
list version 10.
Viewer/ EC011 Maintainability The product shall be able to New devices are continually
recognise device specifications for being released on the market.
Any new device that satisfies the
definition of device specification in
Description
Listener Internet future new devices. Terms and Definitions shall be
recognisable by the product.
using EC EC012 Security The product shall only allow the To avoid annoying the owner of Any change made to the controller
Controller authorised Viewer/Listener to
change the controller technology
profile.
the controller. technology profile is proved to be
made by the authorised
Viewer/Listener.
Manufacturer
EC013 Cultural The product shall be usable by To expand the market for the A representative sample of
Viewer/Listeners who do not entertainment controller. Viewer/Listeners who do not speak
speak English. English are able to set up a
controller technology profile within
IIBA Meeting 2010
EC014 Legal The product shall only allow the
authorised Viewer/Listener to
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited
n time units.
To protect the Viewer/Listener's All access to the technology profile
privacy. must comply with the Data
11
access the technology profile. Protection act.
- 12. Org X
Org Y
H/W
S/W S/W
S/W
H/W
P1
P2
P3
Org W Org Z
Your Organisation
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 12
IIBA Meeting 2010
- 13. ...organisational health
• Applying systems thinking across projects and the organisation
• Project management based on reality
• Agreement on decision making structure
• Feedback channels
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 13
- 14. Focus on Content
5
Work Business Product System
Scope
1
Business * Event Scope
1
*
Design
Architecture
Component
• Requirements content is
boundary guiding
1 1
Business
1 1
Product *
Supporting
the knowledge that you
responding partitioning
Project
1..
* Goal
1
*
Business Product
* Implem-
enting *
Implement-
Business
relevancy Use Case
1..
Use Case ** ation Unit
need to communicate to
*
* * * 1
Stake-
holder 1 Owning
Business
tracing
*
*Product Testing
tracing your stakeholders so that
* **
Atomic Testing Test Implementing
Naming Conventions
Requirement
**
Case
you can get feedback and
& Data Dictionary
Are types of S * build the solution
Constraint Functional Non-functional Technological
Fact/ Requirement Requirement Requirement
Assumption
For more on Volere requirements knowledge model see http://www.volere.co.uk/pdf%20files/requirements%20management.pdf
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 14
- 15. ...focus on content
Content is communicated in some form/s
• prescribed documents
• project phases
• Requirements form is the • review cycles
• models
vehicles you use to • meetings
communicate requirements • prototypes
• scenarios
• conversations
• or any other packaging of
the content
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 15
- 16. ...focus on content
• Form vs Content
• Heavy methodologies are driven by form
• Light methodologies are driven by content
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 16
- 17. ...focus on content
The Murder Book
• Based on the way crime investigations build their documentation
• Each item is stored chronologically as it comes to light
• Requirements analysts collect documentation, rather than write it
at the end of the project.
• All items of interest are
added and dated
• There is no standard
format, just the
collection of notes,
diagrams, photos,
interviews, models,
stories, etc.
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 17
- 18. Five influences on a balanced diet
1. Project Charter – a common understanding
2. Prioritisation – early and continuous
3. Statutory Need – real or imagined?
4. Organisational Health – terminology, sociological awareness,
related project management
5. Focus on Content– the difference between form and content
Other influences?
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 18
- 20. Resources
Mastering the Requirements Process Requirements-Led Project Management:
second Edition. Suzanne and James discovering David’s Slingshot. Suzanne Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies -
Robertson. Addison-Wesley, 2006 Robertson and James Robertson, Addison Understanding Patterns of Project Behavior.
Wesley, 2005 Tom DeMarco, Peter Hruschka, Tim Lister,
Steve McMenamin, James Robertson,
Suzanne Robertson. Dorset House
Publishing, 2008. Hanser, Germany, 2008.
Winner of 2009 Jolt award.
• http://www.systemsguild.com Now available as Kindle ebook
• http://www.volere.co.uk
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 20
- 21. What is Volere?
• A set of techniques to aid in discovery, communication and
management of business, product, and software requirements
• Books, templates, papers and web pages for guidance
• Public and in-house seminars
• Hands-on help with requirements
• Requirements assessments
• Requirements coaching
* Volere is the Italian verb to wish or to want
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 21
- 22. Provenance of Volere
• Ongoing practice and research into requirements by James Robertson and Suzanne Robertson,
systems engineers since 1970
• 1983 - formed the Atlantic Systems Guild: Tom DeMarco, Peter Hruschka, Tim Lister, Steve
McMenamin, James Robertson, Suzanne Robertson
• 1984 - formalised process and data model connections and published Complete Systems
Analysis
• 1995 - formalised connection between systems analysis models and business requirements and
put version 1 of Volere requirements template on the web (now up to version 13)
• 1999 - published Mastering the Requirements Process to communicate experience and use of
Volere
• 2005 - published Requirements-Led Project Management to communicate how requirements
connect to project management
• 2006 - published Edition 2 of Mastering the Requirements Process
• 2008 - new book Adrenaline Junkies and Template Zombies: Understanding Patterns of Project
Behaviour Download sample chapter from http://www.systemsguild.com
• 2010 – currently integrating innovation and creativity techniques into the work of
requirements engineers and business analysts
IIBA Meeting 2010
Copyright © the Atlantic Systems Guild Limited 22