Meine van Noordwijk - Sasumua: linking a landscape and institutional mosaic to climate change in Kenya

Sasumua: linking a landscape and institutional mosaic to climate change in Kenya Meine van Noordwijk and Thomas Yatich World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) 2009 Forest Day 3, Learning Event WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Globally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (GAMA) Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (NAMA) Landscape approaches to adaptation + mitigation Locally Appropriate Mitigation Actions (LAMA) WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

¾Administrative mosaic ¾Ethnic and social affinity mosaic ¾Watershed hierarchies ¾Patchwork of vegetation ¾Patchwork of land access/ forest class rules WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

rainfall cloud canopy water What matters most in a ‘forest’: interception evaporation transpiration surface the treesevaporation through-fall the landscape stem-flow surface run-on Stream: surface infiltration flow { quick- run-off lateral recharge the soil sub- surface base outflow ? uptake lateral inflow WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE flow percolation

Myth-use of forest hydrology for maintaining political control over land 1 4 2 3 5 WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Paradigm CES: Paradigm COS: Paradigm CIS: ‘Co- ‘Commoditized ES’ ‘Compensating investment in or markets for Opportunities Stewardship’ and commoditized Skipped’ or paying co-manage-ment of environmental service land users for accepting land-scapes for redu- procure-ment (or land man-datory or volun- cing poverty and use proxies with tary restrictions on their enhancing ES, sharing periodic full impact use of land risk and responsibility study) WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Predictability of rainfall at gro- wing-season scale is still low July 2009 Forecast of El Nino condi- tions: above-average rainfall in Kenya In fact: late start of rains, below-average total as yet; water rationing in Nairobi WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE http://portal.iri.columbia.edu/portal/server.pt

+ Dam & spillway under repair Chania river intake ~ 50 NTU 5-10 NTU WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Lesson 2 WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

http://presa.worldagroforestry.org/files/2009/07/presasasumua.pdf Stakeholders • Local farmers organizations • Nairobi City Water and Sewerage Company • Water Resources Management Authority • Athi River Water Services Board • Kenya Forestry Service • Ministry of Livestock. Research Partners • World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF); • National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) of Kenya • Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE Nairobi

Rapid/replicable Hydrological Appraisal (RHA: 6 months, 5k$) integrates 3 types of knowledge Public/Policy Ecological Knowledge Local Hydrologist Ecological Ecological Knowledge Knowledge WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

performance new components & indicators technologies Landscape actors, mosaic Plots (land use s.s.) stake-holders Matrix (filter) resource interactions Roads/streams (channel) agreed Negotiation changes process spontaneous change WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE Negotiation Support System: tool + process

Conclusions: 1. NAMA between LAMA and GAMA 2. LAMA: Mosaic of mosaics • Administrative mosaic • Ethnic and social affinity mosaic • Watershed hierarchies • Patchwork of vegetation • Patchwork of land access/ forest class rules 3. Realistic, Conditional, Voluntary & Pro-poor: equally large challenges in all 4 aspects WORLD AGROFORESTRY CENTRE

Meine van Noordwijk - Sasumua: linking a landscape and institutional mosaic to climate change in Kenya

by Pro-poor Rewards for Environmental Services in Africa ICRAF on Jan 13, 2010

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