Designing Our Future Cities Now - opportunities for a fast transformation By Peter Newman Professor of Sustainability Curtin University Sustainability Policy (CUSP) Institute

Climate change and peak oil have undermined the old economy.... Global governance seeks 80% less ghg by 2050 Peak oil happened in 2008 Copenhagen road map 2009

Global governance seeks 80% less ghg by 2050

Peak oil happened in 2008

Copenhagen road map 2009

The CRASH.... Provides the opportunity for dramatic change GLOBAL GREEN NEW DEAL

History of innovation and crashes….

The future is Smart and Sustainable… IT and ET. What does it mean for our cities?

Resilient City includes... Renewable Energy City Carbon Neutral City Distributed City Biophilic City Eco-Efficient City Place-Based City Sustainable Transport City The forces that will shape our future….

Renewable Energy City

Carbon Neutral City

Distributed City

Biophilic City

Eco-Efficient City

Place-Based City

Sustainable Transport City

The forces that will shape our future….

1. Renewable Energy City North Terrace Solar Precinct Adelaide Solar City 20% renewable…

Leidsche Rijn Re-Defining Urban Spaces as Power Production Opportunities

Windpods - Roof mounted wind systems. Invented in Fremantle, exporting to China, being made by a car parts manufacturer….

2008 – Peak fossil fuel power investment….! 2008 US$140 b in renewable power cf US$110 b in fossil fuel power technologies First time exceeded. 40% per year growth; exponential growth working for the planet. Solar panels 50% cheaper in 2 years. Grid parity in California in 2010.

2008 US$140 b in renewable power cf US$110 b in fossil fuel power technologies

First time exceeded.

40% per year growth; exponential growth working for the planet.

Solar panels 50% cheaper in 2 years. Grid parity in California in 2010.

How do you store renewables?

Carbon neutral local governments and business, eg Woodside $100 m for 23,000 ha of offsets for LNG project Gondwana Link….building a biodiversity corridor with carbon offsets 2. CARBON NEUTRAL CITIES

Carbon neutral light rail, Calgary…

3. Biophilic City – biodiversity and local food in the city

300 green roofs in Chicago to reduce urban heat island effect, reduce energy and recycle water…

4. Distributed City – small scale water, energy and waste systems Sydney Green Transformers

5. Eco Efficient City Hammarby Sjöstad, Stockholm

6. Place Based Cities Making the local economy more viable by creating a stronger sense of place….

Making the local economy more viable by creating a stronger sense of place….

A sacred site for two cultures…

Telling a story of place...

Mole Hill Vancouver Place Based Cities Local food

Reviving urban waterways Clear Paddock Creek, Fairfield, Sydney.

⑤ ｰ 1 Cheonggyecheon Area before Restoration ( http://www.metro.seoul.kr/kor2000/chungaehome/en/seoul/2sub.htm/ )

⑥ ｰ 1 Cheonggyecheon Area after Restoration ( http://www.metro.seoul.kr/kor2000/chungaehome/en/seoul/2sub.htm/ )

7. Sustainable Transport City Car dependence is not smart. Sprawl is dying. Public transport can double, biking and walking can triple….can reduce car use 50%.... The other 50% can be electric vehicles, as part of new Smart Centres.

Car dependence is not smart. Sprawl is dying. Public transport can double, biking and walking can triple….can reduce car use 50%.... The other 50% can be electric vehicles, as part of new Smart Centres.

Toxic loans are linked to toxic urban scatter...

US cities may have to be bulldozed in order to survive Telegraph 13 June Dozens of US cities may have entire neighbourhoods bulldozed as part of drastic "shrink to survive" proposals being considered by the Obama administration to tackle economic decline.

US cities may have to be bulldozed in order to survive Telegraph 13 June

Dozens of US cities may have entire neighbourhoods bulldozed as part of drastic "shrink to survive" proposals being considered by the Obama administration to tackle economic decline.

Not smart and not sustainable…

Impact of Road Building on Delay – America’s 20 Biggest Cities – ZERO! DELAY Freeway Miles

ONE LANE - people per hr: Freeway 2,500 Busway 5000 LRT 10-20,000 Train 50,000

Opening of Perth Southern Railway 90% approval ratings and already paid off 55,000 per day cf 14,000 on buses

Southern Rail Globally significant demonstration as it goes to outer suburbs… Perth 7 mill pass per year to 90 mill in 15 years.

Australian public transport is taking off... But Sydney falling behind the rest of Australia and comparable cities overseas in sustainable transport

But Sydney falling behind the rest of Australia and comparable cities overseas in sustainable transport

Australian Nation Building package – 55% urban rail….historic! $4.6b

Global trend to rail... Indian railways 12.9% growth in pass kms in 2007 Chinese Railways 8.5%. UK 10.8% passenger journey increase Dubai, Kuwait and Abu Dhabi building huge metros...

Indian railways 12.9% growth in pass kms in 2007

Chinese Railways 8.5%.

UK 10.8% passenger journey increase

Dubai, Kuwait and Abu Dhabi building huge metros...

US cities... Declining in car use – 4.3% in past year, plateau over the past 5 years. Increasing transit use – 6.5% in past year. ‘ Suburban slums’ and the crash....

Declining in car use – 4.3% in past year, plateau over the past 5 years.

Increasing transit use – 6.5% in past year.

‘ Suburban slums’ and the crash....

Tripling the system in the next few decades…

Linking to land use through centres…

Rebuilding Auto City Needs TOD, POD, GOD…

Transit Oriented Development People living in TODs have 50% less car use and save 20% of their household income due to one less car. PB PLACEMAKING...

People living in TODs have 50% less car use and save 20% of their household income due to one less car.

PB PLACEMAKING...

TODs dont have to look like this…

It can look more like East Perth..

Or Subiaco…

Or Joondalup, 35kms out of the city…

Pedestrian Oriented Development

Amenity can be negotiated with the community…

The Melbourne transformation… through Jan Gehl’s urban design strategies.

More People living down town 1983 = 5 dwellings •

= 5 dwellings

More People living down town 1992 738 dwellings = 5 dwellings •

= 5 dwellings

More People living down town 9,895 dwellings 2002 = 5 dwellings convenience store • •

= 5 dwellings

convenience store

street trees since 1993 New Street trees

Outdoor Cafes curbside cafes in 1983 •

curbside cafes in 1983

Outdoor Cafes curbside cafes in 1993 •

curbside cafes in 1993

Outdoor Cafes curbside cafes in 2004 •

curbside cafes in 2004

New life in the lane ways

Pedestrian traffic weekdays daytime: +40% Pedestrian traffic evening: +100 % Stationary activities +200-300%

Transformation of a city… Imagine the Possibilities Photo Series: UrbanAdvantage

Green Oriented Development CH2 the first Australian 6 star building… Melbourne City Council, government leadership at its best... Carbon neutral, mining the sewer for water recycling, healthy natural lighting, local materials...

Carbon neutral, mining the sewer for water recycling, healthy natural lighting, local materials...

New green building in Edmonton…

Can we do 50% to 80% by 2050? Yes if we do new transit technology, with TOD, POD and GOD... At the same time.

Yes if we do new transit technology,

with TOD, POD and GOD...

At the same time.

Eg building transit can lead to exponential declines in car use... Lifestyles and city form change with it...

What if Sydney could double its transit? Transit going from 1500 pass kms per person to 3000 (2-3%/yr) would reduce car use from 10,500 pass kms per person to 4100. 6,400 pass kms lost for gain of 1500 pass kms on transit (4 to 1).... 60% less car use! How does this happen? Transit Leverage …. Trip chaining, one less car, move house or job… land use changes.

Transit going from 1500 pass kms per person to 3000 (2-3%/yr) would reduce car use from 10,500 pass kms per person to 4100.

6,400 pass kms lost for gain of 1500 pass kms on transit (4 to 1).... 60% less car use!

How does this happen? Transit Leverage …. Trip chaining, one less car, move house or job… land use changes.

What about the other 50% of VKT? Go with electric vehicles and use it to make the city 100% renewable

Go with electric vehicles and use it to make the city 100% renewable

Link renewables into a Smart Grid and store in electric vehicles (Li-Ion batteries)

North Port Quay - Perth Carbon-free development based on renewables, Smart Grid and electric vehicles with green buildings. Smart Centre…

Plug-in parking and smart meters mean a Renewable City can provide power when and where its needed - smart and much more efficient with no oil for transport. But still need Smart Centres…

Making Smart Centres and LRT as the basis of the 21 st century city building…. Battery-based LRT with contactless power at Smart Centres – stations.

Battery-based LRT with contactless power at Smart Centres – stations.

Working from household level… Living Smart, based on Travel Smart….water, energy, waste and travel. Shows can save 1.5 T ghg per household for $150 of investment over 5 years. Cheap and healthy alternative to technology alone….

Living Smart, based on Travel Smart….water, energy, waste and travel.

Shows can save 1.5 T ghg per household for $150 of investment over 5 years.

Cheap and healthy alternative to technology alone….

TravelSmart....‘Free range kids’ - over 200 walking school buses in Auckland.

CARBON TRADING Package LIFESTYLE packages INFRASTRUCTURE Package Integrated packages for the green economy in our cities

Doing it all? Vauban Frieburg Eco-village with car-free housing.

Vauban green freedom...