1. Bread wheat breeding for yellow rust resistance at
ICARDA: Current status and prospects
W. Tadesse, O. Abdalla, S. Rajaram, F. Ogbonnaya, A. Hagras, M. Keser,
R. Sharma, K. Nazari, M. Sanchez-Garcia, Q. Sohail, A. Abdalat and M.
Baum
April 28-May 1, 2014
Izmir, Turkey
2. Trends in Wheat Production Area and Yield in the World & CWANA, 1961-
2010
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1961
1963
1965
1967
1969
1971
1973
1975
1977
1979
1981
1983
1985
1987
1989
1991
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
yield(t/ha)
Area(Millha)
CWANA Area (ha) World Area (ha) CWANA Yield (t/ha) World Yield (t/ha)
4. Hessian Fly in(Mayetiola destructor)
North Africa
• Serious pest in North Africa;
cause yield losses of 36 -
100%.
5. Production loss of cultivar Achtar : 100,000 T
Monetary loss : $ 30 m US dollars
Estimated Yield loss Gereck : 40%
Monetary loss : > $52 m US dollars
Syria: Cham 8, Cham 6 : 30-80 % yield loss
Ethiopia : Attila (Kubsa): 40-70% yield loss
Yellow rust in CWANA
6. ICARDA’s Wheat Breeding
Objectives
• High yield potential and broad adaptation
• Resistance to major diseases and insects
• Drought, heat, cold and salinity tolerance
• Grain quality
• Capacity building of NARS through training
7. Strategies and approaches
• Classification and targeting major MEs
• Shuttle breeding
• Marker assisted selection
• Use of wide crosses (Synthetics)
• Hot spots for disease screening
• Multi-location testing
8. Breeding Methods and Germplasm Flow
F3- F4
Selected bulk
F5
Pedigree selection
PYTs
F6 : selected bulk
F2
Pedigree selection
IN
Crossing block
1. Simple (P1 x P2)
2. Back cross (F1 x P1 or P2 )
3. Top cross ( F1 x P3)
DH&MASQualityanalysis
AYTs
Terbol
Lebanon
Kulumsa
Debre
Zeit, Ethiopi
a
10. Distribution of International Nurseries and Yield Trials
The following International nurseries and yield trials have been distributed from Terbol
station, Lebanon to more than 40 countries in the CWANA region and beyond up on
request from the NARS .
1. Spring bread wheat observation nursery for CWANA (14th CWANA SBWON)
2. Spring bread wheat observation nursery for heat tolerance (14th SBWON HT)
3. Spring bread wheat yield trial for irrigated environments (14th CWANA ISBWYT)
4. Spring bread wheat yield trial for dry-land environments (14thCWANA DSBWYT)
5. Elite spring bread wheat yield trial (14th ESBWYT)
6. Especial nursery for SSA through the AfDB project support
12. Wheat accessions with high level of combined resistance to
yellow rust and septoria, 2011-2012.
FIGS approach
• About 732 wheat landraces and wild
relatives have been identified through FIGs
approach and were screened for resistance to
yellow rust and septoria for two years
(2011-2012).
• As indicated in the Fig, 9 genotypes of T.
monococcum; 12 genotypes of T.
timopheevii; 94 genotypes of T. turgidum
and 15 genotypes of T. aestivum have been
identified with high level of resistance to
both yellow rust and septoria diseases.
• These genotypes will be used in the pre-
breeding program for gene pyramiding.
Triticum
aestivum
, 15
Triticum
timopheev
ii , 12
Triticum
turgidum,
94
Triticum
monococc
um, 9
16. Grain yield performance of elite spring bread wheat genotypes at Khafardan
(rainfed) and Terbol (irrigated) environments, 2013
• At Terbol, grain yield performance of
the genotypes ranged from 2.5-7.6
t/ha while at Kheferdan, the yield
level ranged from 1.5 t/ha to 5 t/ha
• Genotypes such as #10 (HAALA-34),
#43 (MOUKA-4/RAYON), and #60
(QAFZAH-33*2/SALSAL-2) are among
the best high yielding genotypes both
at Terbol and Kheferdan locations
indicating that they do have both
drought tolerance and high yield
potential.
17. 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Yellow Rust Leaf rust Septoria
Numberoflines
Wheat diseases
R (≤10) MR (15-20) S (≥30)
Response of elite spring bread wheat genotypes rust
and septoria, 2012/13
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Yellow rust Stem rust Septoria
Wheat diseases
Numberoflines
a) Marchouch
(Morocco)
b) Kulumsa
(Ethiopia)
19. Is the YR race similar in the CWANA region?
Response of selected bread wheat cultivars in
Marchouch, Morocco, 2013/14
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
YRseverityin%
20. Response of spring bread wheat genotypes to stem rust
at Kulumsa, 2013
• .
28. Summary
Strengthen the search and introgression of novel resistance
alleles (pre-breeding)
Continue to combine major genes with minor genes in
adapted and high yielding cultivars for multiple disease
resistance using molecular markers
Strengthen and promote IPM options
Improve access to better seeds
Strengthen database management and networking
Capacity building of NARS
29. Acknowledgements
• ICARDA’s Wheat Team+ M.Sc. and PhD students
• NARSs in the CWANA
• INRA-Morocco; ARC-EGYPT; AUB & AREC-
Lebanon; EIAR-Ethiopia; ARC-Sudan and Turkey
• WHEAT CRP; CIMMYT; GRDC; AfDB, EU-IFAD,
YASP
