1. Open Educational Resources (OER):
Tomorrow’s Main Educational Provider?
IAU 14th General Conference,San Juan
Puerto Rico, USA
27-30 November 2012
Gard Titlestad
Secretary General
ICDE
2. To be adressed:
Governments: Universities:
• Move on the OER agenda • Take the responsibility!
• Optimal policy framework for • Strategies and leadership for
OER, incentives for OER, develop Open Education, for Open
in dialogue with universities Education Practices
• Implement the UNESCO • Overview and organisation.
declaration in a contextual way • Partnership between Open
• Map the landscape, facilitate and Conventional universities
infrastructures. • Build competencies –
• Facilitate initiatives for research, participate in research
new knowledge on effect and • Flip the classroom for student-
impact of OER and on delivering oriented and personalised
high quality OER learning
3. What is ICDE?
• the leading global membership organization for open and
distance education
• an NGO official partner of UNESCO, and shares that agency’s
key aim – the attainment of quality education for all
• member focused – ICDE is an organization which will involve
members in decision making, in cooperative action and in
cooperative problem solving.
• transparent – Members will be able to follow the activities
and decisions of ICDE.
• ICDE believes that in pursuing education as a universal right,
the needs of the learner must be central.
• senior management in member institutions is actively
involved in ICDE
4. Appr. No. of students
650.000
The ICDE
250.000
Executive Committee
400.000
40.000
3.500.000
5. Open Educational Resources - OER and
Open Educational Practices - OEP
Heard about OER?
Know what OER is?
Familiar with OER and OEP?
6.
7. Open Educational
Resources
“... are digital learning resources offered online freely and
openly to teachers, educators, students and independent
learners in order to be used, shared, combined, adapted,
and expanded in teaching, learning and research.”
(OECD 2011)
“... are teaching, learning and research materials in any
medium that reside in the public domain and have been
released under an open licence that permits access, use,
repurposing, reuse and redistribution by others with no
or limited restrictions.”
(UNESCO 2011)
8. The vision
… At the heart of the movement toward Open
Educational Resources is the simple and
powerful idea that the world's knowledge is a
public good
… and that technology in general and the
Worldwide Web in particular provide an
extraordinary opportunity for everyone to
share, use, and reuse it.
Hewlett Foundation
9. ”For the first time in human history we
have the tools to enable everyone to
attain all the education they desire.”
(Wiley, Green, & Soares, 2012)
Dramatically bringing down the cost of education with
OER: How open education resources unlock the door
to free learning.
10. Expectations to OER
“OERs have the potential to solve
the global education crisis and
contribute to sustainable economic
growth”
Sir John Daniel, former CEO for Commonwealth
of Learning and David Killion, US ambassador to
UNESCO said in Guardian in July 2012
12. OER can increase the
impact of investments
in knowledge
High quality education Open Access – open science
Research based education Research based OER
Resource based education Research based teaching
Open education
OER
Innovation in education – open innovation
Innovate the learning system – flip the classroom
Knowledge supply for innovation
13. OER can increase the
impact of investments
in knowledge
High quality education Open Access – open science
Research based education Research based OER
Resource based education Research based teaching
Open education
OER
Innovation in education – open innovation
Innovate the learning system – flip the classroom
Knowledge supply for innovation
14. Drivers for OER
• The benefits from Higher Education – a gold mine
• Demand for access to Higher Education
• Financial problems, costs
• Failure of the current educational system, drop
outs/push outs
• The need for innovation in HEI – innovation in
education
• Students
Reinventing education: OER an
important building block
18. Benefits and challenges of OER
Benefits Challenges
Open and flexible learning Language and cultural
opportunities sensitivity
Efficiency and quality of
Connectivity
learning resources
Cost-efficiency Quality
Innovation Copyright and licensing
Systemic transformative
Sustainability
capacity
Hylén, J. et al. (2012): OECDs “Open Educational Resources: Analysis of Responses to the OECD
19. Relevance of benefits of OER
Hylén, J. et al. (2012): OECDs “Open Educational Resources: Analysis of Responses to the OECD
20. ICDE SCOP 2012 – a workings group´s
reflections on OER
o Quality assurance concerns – how do DE institutions which
are already scrutinized for being DE institutions ensure that
OER they adopt does not undermine their existing QA systems
(the answer is to ensure that they go through the same QA
mechanisms as other course materials)
o Cost recovery
o Locating OER - it is difficult for institutions to locate OER
that is appropriate for their needs (call for more work on
facilitating use of search facilities for OER).
21. From the UNESCO OER
Declaration
• Foster awareness and use of OER
• Encourage the development and adaptation of
OER in a variety of languages and cultural
contexts
• Encourage the open licensing of educational
materials produced with public funds.
22. MOOCs
”A massive open online course (MOOC) is a type
of online course aimed at large-scale
participation and open access via the web.
MOOCs are a recent development in the area of
distance education, and a progression of the
kind of open education ideals suggested by
open educational resources.”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOOC
23. MOOC
Mania
MOOCs have not only
created a discussion on
disruptive change in HEI,
but also increased the
momentum of OER.
The Chronicle's special report on Online Learning 2012
25. So, why bother?
A wake up call is needed
for governments, for
universities
26. To be adressed:
Governments: Universities:
• Move on the OER agenda • Take the responsibility!
• Optimal policy framework for • Strategies and leadership for
OER, incentives for OER, develop Open Education, for Open
in dialogue with universities Education Practices
• Implement the UNESCO • Overview and organisation.
declaration in a contextual way • Partnership between Open
• Map the landscape, facilitate and Conventional universities
infrastructures. • Build competencies –
• Facilitate initiatives for research, participate in research
new knowledge on effect and • Flip the classroom for student-
impact of OER and on delivering oriented and personalised
high quality OER learning
29. ODL in rapid growth
• The world’s 18 largest mega-universities are open
universities serving more than 14.3 million students. Most
of these universities were founded after the 1970s.
• China: 1 of every 10 registered students in higher education
is a student at The Open University of China.
• Africa: African Virtual University has signed up with 21
countries and 28 Universities to provide Open and Distance
eLearning, based on OER and the Internet.
• Almost one-third of enrolments in HE in the autumn of
2010 in the USA were online enrolments, with more than
30% of the students taking at least one course online.
32. Higher Education – a goldmine
for the individual and the society
• For the individual – the
employment prospects
increase
• For the individual – the
net value is good
business
• For the public – cost
benefit is success!
– Documented by OECD in
Education at a glance
2012
33. Global need for barrier-free
access to higher education
• Irina Bokova, Director-General of UNESCO
“Higher education: In less than 40 years,
enrolments have increased fivefold. Globally it
is estimated that demand will expand from
less than 100 million students in 2000 to over
250 million students in 2025.”
”A university a week”
34. Educational potential
• Increased availability of high quality, relevant learning materials can
contribute to more productive students and educators.
• The principle of allowing adaptation of materials provides one mechanism
amongst many for constructing roles for students as active participants in
educational processes, who learn best by doing and creating, not by
passively reading and absorbing.
• OER has potential to build capacity by providing institutions and
educators access, at low or no cost, to the means of production to develop
their competence in producing educational materials and carrying out the
necessary instructional design to integrate such materials into high quality
programmes of learning.
“A Basic Guide to Open Educational Resources”, (Butcher, Kanwar and Uvalic´-Trumbic´)
35. World Development
Report 2013
• “The youth challenge alone is staggering.
More than 620 million young people are
neither working nor studying. Just to keep
employment rates constant, the worldwide
number of jobs will have to increase by
around 600 million over a 15-year period”
October 1, 2012
36. University drop-outs (or push outs?) cost 660
million Euros per year in Spain alone
Norway – 2005 - 2010
Total drop outs/push outs in higher education:
12% (Health educations)- 37 % (Management and Economy)
Only health educations have lower drop out rate than 20%
37. 100
20
40
60
70
80
90
10
30
50
0
%
Norway
Iceland
Switzerland
Sweden
Netherlands
Chart A7.1
Slovenia
Germany
Denmark
Austria
Brazil
Portugal
United Kingdom
Luxembourg
Poland
Finland
Australia
Belgium
Tertiary education
the level of education
New Zealand
France
Below upper secondary
Czech Republic
OECD average
Employment prospects increase with
Israel
Percentage of 25-64 year-olds in employment, by level of education (2010)
Slovak Republic
Canada
Ireland
Mexico
United States
Upper secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary
Estonia
Greece
Spain
Japan
Chile
Hungary
Italy
Korea
Turkey
38.
39.
40. The crisis reinforces the
importance of good education
• Over the past decade, more than two-thirds of
GDP growth in EU21 countries was driven by
labour income growth among tertiary-educated
individuals, compared with just 51% in the United
States.
• Even in the midst of the recession in 2009, labour
income growth among tertiary graduates
increased in the majority of EU countries with
available data.
• In contrast, those with mid-range jobs and skills
felt the most severe impact of the 2009 drop in
GDP.
Education at a Glance: OECD Indicators 2012
42. 2012: the year of the
mega-class.
”Colleges and professors have rushed to try a
new form of online teaching known as
MOOC’s—short for "massive open online
courses." The courses raise questions about the
future of teaching, the value of a degree, and
the effect technology will have on how colleges
operate.”
43. MOOCs
• Motivation for MOOCs? Money, Branding or doing the
Good things?
• Sustainable?
• Business models?
• The cost savings – for quality or profit?
• Pedagogic quality? Flip the classroom?
• Lot of interest
• Lot of criticism
– Criticism can be the mother of progress
44. MOOCs
• ‘our cMOOC model emphasises creation,
creativity, autonomy and social networking
learning. The Coursera model emphasises a
more traditional learning approach through
video presentations and short quizzes and
testing. Put another way, cMOOCs focus on
knowledge creation and generation whereas
xMOOCs focus on knowledge duplication’.
(Siemens, 2012).
46. The OEP Guideline
• Step 1: Positioning your Organization in the
OEP Trajectory
• Step 2: Creating a Vision of Openness and a
Strategy for OEP in an Organization
• Step 3: Implementing and Promoting OEP
(OEP MetroMap Tool)
