Civil War

Civil War AP U.S. History

Election of 1860
Democrats split
Douglas-ps
Breckinridge-federal slave code
Fire-eaters-Yancey-slavery in territories
Constitutional Union Party-Bell
Republicans
Passed over radical William Seward
Nominated Abraham Lincoln
Nation Divided

Secession Crisis
Lincoln had no intention of “disturbing” slavery.
Southerners distrusted-raids, pride injured
December 20, 1860 SC left the Union
Feb. 1, 1860 six more followed
AL, GA, FL, MS, LA, TX
Confederate States of America
Jefferson Davis as President

Constitution of Confederate States
Slavery was recognized-right to move slaves guaranteed
No protective Tariffs
President non-renewable 6 year term
President given right to veto
State sovereignty recognized

Mixed Feelings
Greeley, Buchanan- “let erring sisters go in peace.”
Unconstitutional but unconstitutional?!
Crittenden-Compromise
Lincoln-stand firm for no further spread of slavery

Hostilities Begin
Lincoln sent supplies to Ft. Sumter
Southerners attack Fort-April 12, 1861
Lincoln declares 75,000 volunteers to end insurrection
VA, TN, NC, AK declare secession in response
Wavering of remaining states-KY, DE, MA, MS

Advantages of North
Financial Wealth-finance war
Superior Industry-supplies
3 to 1 manpower
Immigrants-anti-slave
U.S. Navy-blockade the South
Superior system of railroads

Advantages of South
Vast in size-difficult to conquer
Only had to resist being conquered
Troops fighting on own ground-familiar
Fighting on the defensive
Highly qualified senior officers of the U.S. Army
Jefferson Davis-military experience

Strategies
On to... “Richmond...” “Washington...”
Battle of Bull Run
Demonstrated unpreparedness and inexperience of both sides
Anaconda Plan-Winfield Scott
Squeeze life out of Confederacy
Naval blockade-paper blockade
Take MS river
Wait for pro-unioners-disliked by Lincoln

Leaders
General George McClellan
Army of the Potomac-cautious
General Robert E. Lee
General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson
Ulysses S. Grant-fame in TN
Shiloh-control MS River

Strategies Cont.
Britain and France remained out of war
Northern diplomacy-Trent Incident
Ironclad ships-Merrimac vs. Monitor
Union Homefront Morale
Homestead Act
Morrill Land Grant Act
Conscription-disliked by Northern working class-led to riots
Southern Morale
States rights against conscription
“ rich man's war and a poor man's fight”
Scare food and high prices

Financing the War
North
High tariffs, income tax, greenbacks
Unbacked paper fiat currency
National Banking Act-credit expansion
South
Worthless paper money
Some loans, taxes
Confiscation of goods

Violations?
Lincoln suspended habeas corpus against will of Taney in ex Parte Merryman.
Copperheads-against war-subject to arrest and/or deportation
Confederate Congress called Davis a “tyrant.”

Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln under pressure from radicals and foreign powers to end slavery.
Freed slaves in all states of rebellion
Jan. 1, 1863
Battle of Antietam prompted this
Northern victory-did not want desperation

Battles
Antietam/Sharpsburg
Gettysburg-Meade-bloodiest of entire war-3 days
Vicksburg-took Miss. River-Grant
Battle of Chattanooga
Burning of the South-Sherman
Took many Southern cities (Hood)

Election of 1864
War weary country!
Republicans-Lincoln and Johnson
Democrats-McClellan
Sherman took Atlanta=victory for Lincoln

The End!
Lee surrendered on April 9, 1865 in Appomattox, VA
Lincoln shot on April 14, 1865
Ford's Theater by John Wilkes Booth

Civil War

by Emily Holmes

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