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‫احراز‬ ‫سیستم‬
‫مرکزی‬ ‫هویت‬
CAS‫پروتکلی‬‫است‬‫که‬‫به‬‫کاربر‬‫اجازه‬
‫دسترسی‬‫به‬‫برنامه‬‫های‬‫متعدد‬‫را‬‫با‬‫یک‬
‫بار‬‫وارد‬‫کردن‬‫مشخصات‬‫اعتبار‬‫سنجی‬‫خود‬
(‫مانند‬‫شناسه‬‫کاربری‬‫و‬‫رمز‬‫عبور‬)‫بدهد‬.
‫این‬‫پروتکل‬‫از‬‫سه‬‫قسمت‬‫تشکیل‬‫یافته‬
‫است‬:
‫مشتری‬(‫اغلب‬‫مرورگر‬‫کاربر‬)
‫سرویس‬‫دهنده‬(‫که‬‫نیاز‬‫به‬‫احراز‬‫هویت‬
‫دارد‬)
‫سرور‬(‫های‬)CAS
‫سرویس‬CAS‫و‬‫ملحقات‬‫آن‬
‫هنگامی‬‫که‬‫کاربری‬‫برای‬‫استفاده‬‫از‬‫برنامه‬‫ای‬
‫احتیاج‬‫به‬‫اعتبارسنجی‬‫داشته‬،‫باشد‬‫درخواست‬
‫اعتبار‬‫سنجی‬‫از‬‫برنامه‬‫به‬CAS‫فرستاده‬‫می‬‫شود‬
‫و‬CAS‫این‬‫اعتبار‬‫سنجی‬‫را‬‫با‬‫یافتن‬‫آن‬‫در‬
RDMBS،LDAP،Kerberos‫و‬‫یا‬Active Directory‫انجام‬
‫می‬‫دهد‬.‫اگر‬‫اعتبارسنجی‬‫با‬‫موفقیت‬‫انجام‬،‫شود‬
CAS‫کاربر‬‫را‬‫به‬‫همراه‬‫یک‬‫تیکت‬‫امنیتی‬‫یا‬
‫امکانات‬‫مشابه‬‫به‬‫برنامه‬‫برمیگرداند‬.‫با‬‫کمک‬
‫این‬‫تیکت‬،‫مانند‬‫برنامه‬‫از‬‫این‬‫پس‬‫ارتباطی‬‫امن‬
‫با‬CAS‫خواهد‬‫داشت‬.
‫نحوه‬‫کارکرد‬‫سیستم‬‫احراز‬‫هویت‬
SAML
Open ID
OAuth
CAS
‫هویت‬ ‫احراز‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫در‬ ‫ارتباطی‬ ‫های‬ ‫پروتکل‬:
SAML‫یک‬‫استاندارد‬
‫مبتنی‬‫بر‬XML‫است‬‫که‬
‫اجازه‬‫می‬‫دهد‬‫که‬
‫سرورهای‬‫امن‬‫به‬‫رد‬‫و‬
‫بدل‬‫اطالعات‬‫احراز‬‫هویتی‬
‫بپردازند‬.
‫امنیت‬:
TLS
XML Signature/Encryption
Open ID‫یک‬‫پلتفورم‬‫آزاد‬
‫و‬‫غیرمتمرکز‬‫برای‬‫احراز‬
‫هویت‬‫است‬‫که‬‫هر‬‫کاربر‬‫با‬
‫یک‬URI‫نشان‬‫داده‬‫می‬
،‫شود‬‫که‬‫به‬‫دو‬‫صورت‬‫وجود‬
‫دارد‬:
Dumb
Smart
OAuth‫یک‬
‫آزاد‬ ‫استاندارد‬
‫توکن‬ ‫بر‬ ‫مبتنی‬
(‫کلید‬)‫است‬.
CAS‫یک‬‫استاندارد‬
‫مرکزی‬‫مبتنی‬‫بر‬
‫سیستم‬Ticket‫است‬
‫عملیات‬single-sign-
on‫را‬‫تحت‬‫وب‬
‫انجام‬‫می‬‫دهد‬.
‫این‬‫استاندارد‬‫بر‬
‫مبنای‬‫تولید‬‫و‬
‫ارسال‬‫تاییدیه‬
(Ticketing)‫کار‬‫می‬
‫کند‬.
OpenID:
‫حمله‬‫فیشینگ‬(Phishing Attacks)
‫نقص‬‫امنیتی‬(Authentication Flaws)
SAML
‫مشکالت‬‫امنیتی‬‫مبتنی‬‫بر‬XML(XML Signature Wrapping
vulnerability)
OAuth:
‫مشکالت‬‫امنیتی‬‫نسخه‬1.0‫مربوط‬‫به‬‫جلسه‬‫ها‬(Session)‫بود‬
‫که‬‫در‬‫نسخه‬2.0‫به‬‫دلیل‬‫استفاده‬‫از‬SSL‫و‬TLS‫برطرف‬
‫شده‬‫اند‬.
‫امنیتی‬ ‫مشکالت‬:
CAS SAML OAuth OpenID ‫پروتکل‬
2001 2001 2006 2005 ‫نسخه‬ ‫اولین‬
CAS 3.0 SAML 2.0 OAuth 2.0 OpenID 2.0 ‫آخرین‬‫نسخه‬
HTTP SAM, XML, HTTP,
SOAP
JSON, HTTP XRDS, HTTP ‫مورد‬ ‫های‬ ‫پروتکل‬
‫استفاده‬
SSO‫برای‬
‫مشتریان‬
SSO‫سطح‬ ‫برای‬
‫مشتریان‬ ‫وسیع‬
‫هویت‬ ‫احراز‬API
‫ای‬ ‫برنامه‬ ‫بین‬
SSO‫برای‬
‫مشتریان‬
‫هدف‬‫اصلی‬
2 17 3 24 ‫تعداد‬‫مشکالت‬
‫امنیتی‬
• proxy
authentication
• Single sign out
• Authorization
• Authorization ‫امکانات‬
‫از‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫این‬3‫تشکیل‬ ‫بخش‬
‫است‬ ‫یافته‬:
‫وب‬ ‫رابط‬(‫با‬ ‫ارتباط‬ ‫وظیفه‬
‫دارد‬ ‫را‬ ‫ها‬ ‫برنامه‬)
‫تاییدیه‬(‫تاییدیه‬ ‫تولید‬
‫ها‬ ‫برنامه‬ ‫برای‬)
‫هویت‬ ‫احراز‬
‫سیستم‬ ‫معماری‬
‫برای‬‫معماری‬‫سیستم‬‫از‬MVC
‫استفاده‬‫خواهد‬‫شد‬‫و‬‫با‬‫برنامه‬
‫ها‬‫از‬HTML‫و‬‫یا‬Rest API
‫ارتباط‬‫خواهد‬‫داشت‬.‫بعلت‬‫ثبات‬
‫باالی‬Spring.io‫از‬‫این‬‫سکو‬
‫استفاده‬‫خواهد‬‫شد‬.
‫افزاری‬ ‫نرم‬ ‫معماری‬
‫برای‬‫معماری‬‫سیستم‬‫نگهداری‬
‫اطالعات‬،‫هویتی‬‫می‬‫توان‬‫از‬‫هر‬
RMDBS(My-SQL،MS-SQL،‫و‬‫یا‬
LDAP‫مانندی‬(Oracle Virtual
Directory،AD)‫استفاده‬‫کرد‬‫ولی‬
‫در‬‫طرح‬‫پیشنهادی‬‫به‬‫دلیل‬
‫پایداری‬‫باال‬Open LDAP،‫این‬
‫محصول‬‫توصیه‬‫می‬‫شود‬.
‫معماری‬‫هویتی‬ ‫اطالعات‬ ‫نگهدارنده‬
‫برای‬‫معماری‬‫توزیع‬‫بار‬‫سیستم‬
‫احراز‬‫هویتی‬‫از‬‫چند‬‫سیستم‬CAS
‫در‬‫پشت‬‫یک‬‫سیستم‬‫توزیع‬‫بار‬‫و‬
‫چند‬‫نگهدارنده‬‫اطالعات‬‫در‬‫پشت‬
‫یک‬‫سیستم‬‫توزیع‬‫بار‬‫دیگر‬
‫استفاده‬‫خواهد‬‫شد‬.‫همچنین‬‫از‬
‫سیستم‬‫کش‬‫نیز‬‫بهره‬‫خواهیم‬
‫گرفت‬.
‫هویتی‬ ‫احراز‬ ‫سیستم‬ ‫بار‬ ‫توزیع‬
‫شما‬ ‫توجه‬ ‫از‬ ‫تشکر‬ ‫با‬

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