G. Do you think that the lifestyle of the inhabitants of your town or city reflects behaviour that is in line with the concept of sustainable development? In your opinion, what should be improved? In my opinion , Sustainable development is a holistic approach and thus should begin by involving it first in the day to day activities. Sustainable sanitation is the need of the hour and thus have also gathered a lot of attention from the Indian Government. A socially acceptable, economically viable and environmentally sound solution is to be provided for sustainable sanitation to be a daily term.

2. Introduction
Sanitation has always been a neglected area at local and
regional level.
Around 660 million people in rural and urban do not have
access to safe sanitation, the situation in Gujarat is no different.
Declining fresh water, a major concern. By 2025 India will be a
water stress country.

3. The Problem
Almost all sanitation systems are water centric, requiring large
quantity of water.
These systems are not as per Bellagio principles accepted by
Nations worldwide.
Inadequate sanitation management leads to enormous health
and hygiene problems.
2/3rd of generated waste water do not get any treatment
Linear End of Pipe Technology

5. Solution
A paradigm shift in thinking to approach is required

7. Individual Septic Tank
Made for toilets with water sealed WC Pans
The pipe discharges water in a water tight
tank located off-set
Contaminants are removed by settling and
flotation.
Waste water from classified layer flow to the
outlet.
Retained organic substance are
decomposed.
De-slugging is required every 2-5 years.

8. Double Vault Toilet
Faeces drop in the dry chamber
Urine and water flow in a separate
chamber
Faeces are treated by composting
Urine and waste water by evapo-
transpiration bed

10. Separate Sanitation
Urine is flushed with 0-1 Liters of water
and stored in an air-tight container.
Faeces are stored in insulated vault for
six months and treated by composting.
The urine is utilized for plantation
purpose as to enrich the soil.

11. Waterless Urinal Traps
IIT zero-dor
The IIT zero-dor is a trap
based on principle of ball
valve to prevent escape of
gases and fluids
It utilizes the difference in
specific gravity of urine and
the LDPE ball

12. Waterless Urinal Traps
Membrane based traps
A membrane based trap made of
rubber, silicon or LDPE is used to
control the odor
The membrane acts as a one way
valve allowing urine to flow while
blocking the odor from the drains
Urine with grit of size 2mm is allowed
to pass whereas the salts precipitate
on the lining of the tube which is to be
cleaned with water regularly

13. Waterless Urinal Traps
Sealant liquid based traps
Urine and debris passes through oil
based sealant liquid which forms the
seal to prevent odor reaching the
washroom
The sealant liquid is present in
cartilages which also captures the
debris and is needed to be replaced
after certain interval of time

14. Waterless Urinal Traps
Biological blocks
Biological blocks used for making
urinals waterless contain active
ingredients including microbial spores
and surfactants
These when incur the flowing urine,
leads to rise in the number of bacteria,
breaking down the urine and
preventing the sludge deposition and
salt precipitation

15. Conclusion
A socially acceptable, economically viable and environmentally
sound solution is to be provided for sustainable sanitation to be
a daily term
Neglecting ecological approaches to sanitation is a missed
opportunity, which will greatly improve the lives of future
generations

16. References
Kumar p, Waterless urinals for sustainable Environment.
Presented at National workshop on Sustainable Sanitation, New
Delhi-19th-20th March-2008.
Greenifying Nirma University: Proposing rainwater harvesting ,
vermi composting and use of waterless urinals for Building Block
B-Hakimuddin Mani and Mihir Panchal, Nirma University,
Ahmedabad-2011.
Seminar on Decentralized waste water treatment at Auroville,
Tamil Nadu 2nd-6th August, 2008.
Desert Cubes http://www.desert.com.au as on 30th December,
2014.