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NPOESS Program Overview
HDF Workshop IX, December 2005
Alan M. Goldberg
agoldber@mitre.org
Outline






Program overview
Mission data processing and external
interfaces
Recent changes
Status

This presentation is drawn from published
materials by the program and others.
We’re going a long way …
The Historical Context
EOS-Aqua MODIS Image-250 m

First Image from TIROS-1

Saharan Dust off the Canary Islands
18 February 2004
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

3
NPOESS Mission
METOP

•
•

Provide a national, operational,
polar-orbiting remote-sensing
capability

NPOESS
NPOESS

Achieve National Performance
Review (NPR) savings by
converging DoD and NOAA
satellite programs

•

Encourage international
cooperation

1330
2130

Incorporate new technologies
from NASA

•

1730

Specialized
Satellites

Local Equatorial Crossing
Time
NPOESS

Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

4
The Evolution to NPOESS
1960 - 2010

2000 - 2010
NPP

DMSP

(NPOESS
Preparatory
Project)

(Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)

POES
(Polar Orbiting
Operational
Environmental Satellites)

2010 – 2020+
NPOESS
(National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental
Satellite System)

EOS
(Earth Observing
System)

Sensor data rate: 1.5 Mbps
Data latency: 100-150 min.

15 Mbps sensor data rate
Data latency: 100-180 min.
Data availability: 98%
Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.

1.7 Gigabytes per day (DMSP)
6.3 Gigabytes per day (POES)

2.6 Terabytes per day (EOS)
2.4 Terabytes per day (NPP)

20 Mbps sensor data rate
Data latency: 28 min.
Data availability: 99.95%
Autonomy capability: 60 days
Ground revisit time: 4-6 hrs
8.1 Terabytes per day

NPOESS satisfies evolutionary program needs with enhanced capabilities
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

5
NPOESS Management and Requirements
Structures

Under Secretary of Under Secretary for
the Air Force
Oceans & Atmosphere

Deputy
Administrator

Executive Committee

Senior Users Advisory
Group (SUAG)
• Chair Rotated Every 2 Years
• Reps: DoD, NOAA, & NASA

System Program
Director

Associate Director Associate Director Associate Director
for Acquisition for Technology Transition for Operations

Integrated Program Office
Under Secretary of the Air Force replaced
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition,
Technology & Logistics

Joint Agency Requirements
Council (JARC)
• Vice Chairman JCS
• NOAA DUS Commerce For
Oceans and Atmosphere
• NASA Associate Administrator
for Earth Science

Joint Agency Requirements
Group (JARG)

User Community and Stakeholders
• Define Requirements
NPOESS Architecture
TDRSS

GPS

TDRSS

Space
Segment

A-DCS

2130

C3
Segment

1330

1730

Svalbard
Primary T&C
NPP SMD

Residuals

SARSAT

NPOESS
Satellites

White Sands Complex
LEO&A
Backup T&C

Field
Terminal Segment

HRD
HRD
Field
Field
Terminal
Terminal

Offline Support

Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest

Launch
Support
Segment

Schriever MMC
Contingency
Operations
Team

MMC at Suitland
Flight Operations Team
• Enterprise Management
• Mission Management
• Satellite Operations
• Data Monitoring
& Recovery

NPOESS Stored Mission Data
Command and Telemetry
Source: PolarMax NPOESSNPP Stored Mission Data
System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

FNMOC

Data Del
Data Del
Process
Process

TM

15 Globally Distributed
Receptor Sites Interconnected
by Commercial Fiber

Process
Process

Data Del
Data Del

Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest

SD
S

LTA
AFWA

Data Del
Data Del
Process
Process

NAVO

LRD
LRD
Field
Field
Terminal
Terminal

Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest

NESDIS

Data Del
Data Del
Process
Process

NPP
2230

DQM
DQM

Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest

Interface Data Processing Segment
One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals

Data Handling Nodes reside at each Central
7
NPOESS Concept of Operations
1. Sense Phenomena

2. Downlink Raw Data

3. Transport Data to
Centrals for Processing

TSKY
T

X and L
bands

O
B

TATM

S

L

L

C

Ka-band

A

L

L
R

T

FO
M
G

N

ei

Field
Terminals

j

Monitor and Control Satellites
and Ground Elements

SafetyNetTM
Receptors

Global fiber network connects
15 receptors to Centrals

4. Process Raw data into EDRs
and Deliver to Centrals

MMC (Suitland)
Schriever MMC
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

Full IDP Capability at each Central
NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO
8
NPOESS Program Overview
NPOESS Performance
System Requirement Categories
Data Quality (EDR Attributes)
SMD/HRD
LRD
Data Latency
SMD, 95%
95%@90 min
SMD, 15 min
HRD/LRD
Data Availability

206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec
36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec
Spec TRD Objective
28 min
100%@15
77%
21.2 min
87.9%
15 min 15 min
10 min
99.99%
99.95%
100%
94.3%
95%
95.6%

TRD Threshold

99%

Operational Availability

Performance vs. Specification

93%

Data Access (and Autonomy)
Interoperability

Comply

SARSAT and A-DCS

Comply

Endurance/Survivability
Non-EDR System Requirements

Exceed 10 years life
760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec

Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

10
NPOESS Spacecraft
Overall
• Greater than 7-year life
• Robust propulsion system
accommodates end of life controlled
de-orbit
• Leverages EOS heritage and
experience

1330 satellite
shown

Spacecraft designed for
earth observation missions
•
•
•
•
•

Large nadir platform for maximum payload accommodation in EELV
Supports AM and PM missions (all LTAN capability)
Optical bench stability
Thermally optimized for science payloads
Highly modular design facilitates rapid launch call-up objective

Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

Multi-orbit configurable
solar array
• Adjustable cant angle for
multiple nodal crossings
• Array capability: 7.3kW

Plug and play avionics architecture
• Advanced 32-bit architecture
• Accommodates 1553, 1394, and unique
sensor interfaces
• Accommodates CCSDS
• On-board payload data encryption
• Autonomous capability satisfies
NPOESS mission requirements
11
NPOESS Payload Manifest
1330 vehicle

1730 vehicle

2130 vehicle

VIIRS

VIIRS

VIIRS

CrIS

CrIS

ATMS

ATMS

CMIS

CMIS

CMIS

SESS/
AURORA

SESS/
AURORA

OMPS
SESS/
AURORA

ALT
A-DCS

A-DCS

SARR/SARP

SARR/SARP
TSIS

NPOESS 1330 Configuration

SARR/SARP
APS

(not on
contract)

CERES/
ERBS
Surv Sensor

OLI
(not on
contract)

Surv Sensor

Surv Sensor

Single satellite design with common sensor locations
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

12
Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy
NPOESS

Multispectral Imagery
From VIRRS…

…combined with ATMS/CMIS
Microwave EDRs…

…and Altimeter-Derived
Ocean Heat Content…

… Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone Forecast
Accuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Resources
NPOESS Program Overview
Interface Data Processing Segment
(IDPS) & Field Terminal Segment (FTS)
HRD, LRD

Ancillary
Data

Interface Data Processing Segment
• Ingest pre-processed SMD
• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
• Perform data quality monitoring
• Provide data to Centrals
• Provide data records to LTA

SS

LSS

Mission Data,
Ancillary Data,
Products

C3S

IDPS

FTS

Data
Processing
Software

Field Terminal Segment
• Ingest LRD/HRD data streams
• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
• NPOESS-provided software

Key Architecture Features:
• Distributed IDP deployment at centrals
• Symmetric processor architecture
• Granule size optimization
• Load balancing fault management
• Complete ancillary data via HRD link
• DoD 8500 compliant central interface
• Meets interoperability standards (JTA, DII-COE)

Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

15
IDPS Architecture
Processing Subsystem

Command,
Control, and
Communications
Segment

SDR/TDR
Generation
Raw
Data
Records

Stored
Mission
Data

Ingest Subsystem
Sensor Data
Ancillary Data
Auxiliary Data

EDR
Generation
Sensor/Temp
Data
Records

Formatted
Data
Products

Environmental
Data
Records

Data Management
Subsystem
Raw
Data
Records

Data Delivery
Subsystem

On-Line
Data Storage

Data
Formatting

Infrastructure Subsystem
IDP
Operator

Central
Systems

Production Scheduling
and Control

Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

Data
Records

Long
Term
Archive
Science
Data
Segment

Formatted
Data Products

Data Quality Monitoring
Subsystem
GIS Based Visualization
and Analysis Toolkit

Data Quality
Engineer

16
FTS Architecture
Legend

NPOESS / NPP
Satellites

Satellite Down Link
Field Terminal Data Flow
Optional FT Data Flow

Mission and Ancillary Data
(HRD/LRD Downlink)

NPOESS Developed
NPOESS Defined

External Mission Support
Data Server *

Satellite-SPE
Interface

Optional FT Interfaces

• Ancillary Data
• TLE
• Other support data
* Note: User-defined data source

FT Interfaces
Satellite - SPE Interface

FT-MSDS
Interface
(Optional)

Signal Processing Element
• Antenna / RF Processing
• GPS and Timing
• Satellite Scheduler
• CCSDS Processing
- Mission Data
- Mission Support Data
- Satellite Pass Storage
- TLE Extraction
• Decryption

FT Operator

Field Terminal Segment
Mission Application
Element

Data Processor Element

SPE-DPE
Interface
Streaming APs

• DPE Software (provided by NPOESS)
- ING, PRO, INF, DMS, DDS
• DPE Hardware (provided by vendor)
- Processing
- Storage
> Mission Data
FT Operator
> Mission Support Data
> Static Data

Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005

DPE-MAE
Interface
Product requests &
HDF files

• User-defined HDF Product
Display
• Provides user requests for desired
products

FT Operator
or User

17
SENSORS

CCSDS (mux, code, frame) & Encrypt

Delivered Raw

Packetization
Compression
Aux.
Sensor
Data

Cal.
Source

ENVIRONMENTAL
SOURCE
COMPONENTS

Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005

Filtration

Comm
Processing

C3 S

Comm
Receiver

RDR
Production

IDPS

Comm
Xmitter

Data
Store

OTHER
SUBSYSTEMS

SPACE SEGMENT

NPOESS Products Delivered at Multiple
Levels

RDR Level

A/D Conversion
Detection
Flux
Manipulation

TDR Level

SDR
Production

SDR Level

EDR Level

EDR
Production

© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
Resulting design
Advantages

Disadvantages

– Flexible; Extensible;
Allows compression

– Inconsistent with heritage
operational formats (GRIB, BUFR)

– Accessed by API, not
format

– Limited tools

– Arrays can be
addressed either by
granule or by file

File
File Metadata

– Potentially selfdocumenting

Granule
Metadata

Granule
Metadata

Granule
Metadata

– Handles abstract data
types and large files

Arrays

Arrays

Arrays

– BLOBs (e.g., raw data,
external files) can be
wrapped

Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005

Granule

Granule

Granule

© 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
Metadata Object Allocation to Product
Documentation
XML Component
NPOESS
HANDBOOK

File Metadata
File unique metadata
File common metadata
pointers

(electronic edition)

HDF Component

copy

File Metadata

reference

Granule Metadata

copy

Granule Metadata
Granule Details
Data

Any xDR Product

Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
NPOESS e-Handbook Referenced
Components
Other Descriptions
Ancillary Data
Descriptions
Environmental Model
Descriptions
Algorithm
Description

EDR Processing
Parameters
NPOESS
HANDBOOK
(electronic edition)

Auxiliary Data
Descriptions

Sensor Descriptions

Algorithm
Description

T/SDR
Processing
Parameters

Platform Descriptions

Comm Description

RDR Processing
Parameters

Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
IDPS Development Timeline
Time Now

1.3 Start
BAR
Prep
2/19/04

1.3
FIRST
CDW
8/25/04

Design

End of
End of SWIC/
1.3 Last End of WFM Seg Int
CDW
CUT
CUT
Tests
12/15/04 2/25/05 3/22/05 6/13/05

CUT

SWIC/Seg
Int

WFM

Qual
RFR
Done
9/1/05

Qual

BAR
6/22/05

End of
CUT
1/11/06

CDW
9/14/05

1.4
Design

1.4
CUT

NESDIS AFWA
IntegSAT
SAT
FAT
Qual
ration
Done
Done
Done
Done
Done
3/17/06 5/12/06 7/26/06 9/29/06 11/15/06

1.4 1.4
SWIC Qual

FAT

N- ASAT SAT

NESDIS HW Install 06/20/06 – 08/02/06
AFWA HW Install 07/03/06 – 10/03/06
4/15/05

NPOESS
PDA
1Q2004

2Q2004

3Q2004

4Q2004

1Q2005

Source: Raytheon Supplier Conference, 10 May 2005

2Q2005

3Q2005

4Q2005

1Q2006

2Q2006

3Q2006

4Q2006

23
NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)
•

Joint NPOESS/NASA Risk Reduction and Data Continuity
Mission
•
•
•
•

VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite
CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder
ATMS - Advanced Technology MW Sounder
OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite

•

Provides lessons learned

•

Ground system risk reduction – uses the NPOESS
ground system

Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
NPP Continues Data Time Series
Year
1975

Measurement System

Ozone

1980

1985

NOAA 7

N9

NIMBUS 7

1990

N11

N14
M3

Microwave Sounding
NOAA 7
Imaging
Spectroradiometer

1995

EP

2000

2005

NPP
N16 N17
OMI AURA

AMSU N15-17, AQUA NPP

N9

N11 N12 N14
MODIS
MODIS

N16
TERRA
AQUA

Thermal Infrared Sounding
AIRS

NPP

AQUA

CrIS
NPP

2010

2015

OMPS
NPOESS (Ozone Mapping and
Profiler Suite)
ATMS
NPOESS (Advanced Technology
Microwave Sounder)
VIIRS
NPOESS (Visible/Infrared
Imaging Radiometer
Suite)
CrIS
NPOESS (Cross-track Infrared
Sounder)

Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump Research Quality Operations
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
Transition of Systematic Measurements
(EOS NPP  NPOESS)
EOS Era

NPP Era

NPOESS Era

Measurements: 24/24 EOS Measurements

14/24 EOS Measurements

14+ EOS Measurements

Instruments:

MODIS , AIRS, AMSU ,
HSB, CERES, TOMS,
OMI, ACRIM, TSIM,
SOLSTICE , HIRDLS,
MLS, AMSR, EOSP,
SeaWiFS, ASTER, ETM+

VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS,
OMPS, CERES

VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS,
OMPS, ERBS, TSIM,
CMIS, GPSOS, SESS,
Radar Altimeter, DCS,
SARSAT, APS

Algorithms:

NASA funded, PI led
teams

EDRs
IPO funded;
Instrument/SSPR
contractor teams with OAT
oversight

EDRs
IPO funded;
Instrument/SSPR
contractor teams with OAT
oversight

Level 1, selected CDRs
NASA funded (via AO
process)

Level 1, selected CDRs
TBD

EDRs
CDRs
IDPS (IPO) SDS (NASA)

EDRs
CDRs
IDPS (IPO) TBD

Mid Term: NOAA
Long Term: NOAA

Mid Term: NOAA
Long Term: NOAA

IPO/NASA/NOAA led

IPO/NOAA led

Processing:

EOSDIS / PI Processing
(NASA)

Archive &
Distribution:

Mid Term: EOSIDS
Long Term: NOAA (TBR)

Standards:

NASA led

Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
White House Direction on Landsat
OLI/NPOESS Mission Advantages
•

Transition of Landsat into a truly operational measurement

•

Extension of the Landsat data record past 2020

•

Leverage of proposed NPOESS infrastructure

•

Benefits derived from combining data from OLI with Visible/Infrared
Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor
(APS):
– Large scale processes of change detected by VIIRS can be more closely
analyzed by OLI
– OLI data can be used to better calibrate VIIRS and validate Environmental
Data Records (EDRs) derived from VIIRS data conversely VIIRS spectral
bands can be used to atmospherically correct OLI data
– Aerosol measurements and corrections can be applied to both sensors
– Terra (MODIS sensor) and Landsat 7 results have already demonstrated
the potential of combining data
Operational Land Imaging Plan
•

Responsibilities
– NASA -- Procure two OLI sensors, science team
– NOAA -- Integration, operations, data relay
– USGS -- Image planning, data processing, archive and
distribution

•

Operations concept
– USGS provides daily target collection plan
– NPOESS
• Builds collection into daily mission plan
• Receives playback data at SafetyNetTM sites
• Data returned to US and forwarded to USGS
– USGS
• Processes, archives, distributes data
Environmental Satellite Program
Over Budget, Behind Schedule
The U.S. National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite
System (NPOESS) will exceed its $6.9
billion cost estimate by at least 15
percent, and its planners are now
considering cutting instruments and
satellites in addition to long delays.
“[NPOESS] is so badly broken … we could
lose a lot of the climate [components], we could
lose instruments,” NPOESS Preparatory
Project (NPP) project scientist Jim Gleason told
a committee of the National Research Council of
the U.S. National Academies at a 25 October
meeting.
The first NPOESS satellite had been scheduled
to launch in 2009, but the launch date has been
moved tentatively to 2012 and is likely to slip
even further, according to Gleason.
However, NPP has suffered its own setbacks,
with its launch being moved from October 2006
to April 2008 and now possibly to April 2009.
The main problem affecting NPP has been the
difficulty in the engineering and construction of
[VIIRS]... Because of the engineering problems
that still have to be solved, [VIIRS] currently
has no scheduled date for completion, according
to Gleason.

NPOESS chief scientist Stephen A. Mango told the
NRC committee, “other snags ... are going to lead to
significant delays.”
... One cost-cutting option is to … not include
every instrument on every satellite, he said…[O]ne
of the three orbits … could be filled by the [MetOp]
satellites, although this may cause problems with
data continuity, according to Jack Kaye, director of
the research and analysis program at NASA. At the
NRC committee meeting, Kaye called this option “a
giant step backwards.”
Canceling the first NPOESS satellite and using
NPP to fill that slot—while it still serves as the
transition satellite—has also been discussed,
according to Gleason. However, NPP carries only
four of the 10 instruments planned for NPOESS
satellites.
No decisions about any of these options have been
made at this point, and Mango hopes to have a
better understanding about the future of the project
after an NPOESS project planning meeting in
December.
Kaye noted, though, “I think, in the end, we are all
going to be forced to make decisions we don’t want
to make because of the budget issues.”
Excerpts from News article by Sarah Zielinski, Staff
Writer, Eos, Vol. 86, No. 45, 8 November 2005
Program Schedule Changes
Milestones

As of
Aug
2002
contract
award

As of
Feb
2004
(rebaseline)

As of
Aug
2005

Net
change
from
contract
award

Minimum
change
from
rebaseline

Potential
data gap

NPP launch

May
2006

Oct
2006

Apr
2008

23-month
delay

18-month
delay

Not
applicable

Final POES launch

Mar
2008

Mar
2008

Dec
2007

4-month
advance

First NPOESS
satellite planned for
launch

Apr
2009

Nov
2009

Sep
2010

17-month
delay

First NPOESS
satellite launch if
needed to back up
the final POES

Mar
2008

Feb
2010

Dec
2010

33-month
delay

3-yr data
gap if final
POES fails
on launch

Final DMSP launch

Oct
2009

May
2010

Oct
2011

24-month
delay

Not
applicable

Second NPOESS
satellite planned for
launch

Jun
2011

Jun
2011

Dec
2011

6-month
delay

Source: GAO-06-249T 16 Nov 2005
GAO-06-249T,

Not
applicable
10-month
delay

6-month
delay

Not
applicable

Not
applicable
Program Life Cycle Cost Changes
As of

Life cycle cost estimate

Life cycle range

July 2002

$6.5 billion

1995-2018

July 2003

$7.0 billion

1995-2018

September 2004

$8.1 billion

1995-2020

November 2005

To be determined

To be determined

“Over the past several years, the NPOESS program has experienced continued
schedule delays, cost increases, and technical challenges. The schedule for
the launch of the first satellite has been delayed by at least 17 months (until
September 2010 at the earliest), and this delay could result in a gap in satellite
coverage of at least 3 years if the last satellite in the prior satellite fails to
launch. Program life cycle cost estimates have grown from $6.5 billion in 2002
to $8.1 billion in 2004 and are still growing. … bringing the life cycle cost
estimate to about $9.7 billion. Technical risks in developing key sensors
continue, and could lead to further cost increases and schedule delays.”
Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005

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NPOESS Program Overview

  • 1. NPOESS Program Overview HDF Workshop IX, December 2005 Alan M. Goldberg agoldber@mitre.org
  • 2. Outline     Program overview Mission data processing and external interfaces Recent changes Status This presentation is drawn from published materials by the program and others.
  • 3. We’re going a long way … The Historical Context EOS-Aqua MODIS Image-250 m First Image from TIROS-1 Saharan Dust off the Canary Islands 18 February 2004 Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 3
  • 4. NPOESS Mission METOP • • Provide a national, operational, polar-orbiting remote-sensing capability NPOESS NPOESS Achieve National Performance Review (NPR) savings by converging DoD and NOAA satellite programs • Encourage international cooperation 1330 2130 Incorporate new technologies from NASA • 1730 Specialized Satellites Local Equatorial Crossing Time NPOESS Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine Environmental Satellite Activities Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 4
  • 5. The Evolution to NPOESS 1960 - 2010 2000 - 2010 NPP DMSP (NPOESS Preparatory Project) (Defense Meteorological Satellite Program) POES (Polar Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites) 2010 – 2020+ NPOESS (National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System) EOS (Earth Observing System) Sensor data rate: 1.5 Mbps Data latency: 100-150 min. 15 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency: 100-180 min. Data availability: 98% Ground revisit time: 12 hrs. 1.7 Gigabytes per day (DMSP) 6.3 Gigabytes per day (POES) 2.6 Terabytes per day (EOS) 2.4 Terabytes per day (NPP) 20 Mbps sensor data rate Data latency: 28 min. Data availability: 99.95% Autonomy capability: 60 days Ground revisit time: 4-6 hrs 8.1 Terabytes per day NPOESS satisfies evolutionary program needs with enhanced capabilities Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 5
  • 6. NPOESS Management and Requirements Structures Under Secretary of Under Secretary for the Air Force Oceans & Atmosphere Deputy Administrator Executive Committee Senior Users Advisory Group (SUAG) • Chair Rotated Every 2 Years • Reps: DoD, NOAA, & NASA System Program Director Associate Director Associate Director Associate Director for Acquisition for Technology Transition for Operations Integrated Program Office Under Secretary of the Air Force replaced Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology & Logistics Joint Agency Requirements Council (JARC) • Vice Chairman JCS • NOAA DUS Commerce For Oceans and Atmosphere • NASA Associate Administrator for Earth Science Joint Agency Requirements Group (JARG) User Community and Stakeholders • Define Requirements
  • 7. NPOESS Architecture TDRSS GPS TDRSS Space Segment A-DCS 2130 C3 Segment 1330 1730 Svalbard Primary T&C NPP SMD Residuals SARSAT NPOESS Satellites White Sands Complex LEO&A Backup T&C Field Terminal Segment HRD HRD Field Field Terminal Terminal Offline Support Infra Data Mgt Data Mgt Ingest Ingest Launch Support Segment Schriever MMC Contingency Operations Team MMC at Suitland Flight Operations Team • Enterprise Management • Mission Management • Satellite Operations • Data Monitoring & Recovery NPOESS Stored Mission Data Command and Telemetry Source: PolarMax NPOESSNPP Stored Mission Data System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 FNMOC Data Del Data Del Process Process TM 15 Globally Distributed Receptor Sites Interconnected by Commercial Fiber Process Process Data Del Data Del Infra Data Mgt Data Mgt Ingest Ingest SD S LTA AFWA Data Del Data Del Process Process NAVO LRD LRD Field Field Terminal Terminal Infra Data Mgt Data Mgt Ingest Ingest NESDIS Data Del Data Del Process Process NPP 2230 DQM DQM Infra Data Mgt Data Mgt Ingest Ingest Interface Data Processing Segment One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals Data Handling Nodes reside at each Central 7
  • 8. NPOESS Concept of Operations 1. Sense Phenomena 2. Downlink Raw Data 3. Transport Data to Centrals for Processing TSKY T X and L bands O B TATM S L L C Ka-band A L L R T FO M G N ei Field Terminals j Monitor and Control Satellites and Ground Elements SafetyNetTM Receptors Global fiber network connects 15 receptors to Centrals 4. Process Raw data into EDRs and Deliver to Centrals MMC (Suitland) Schriever MMC Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 Full IDP Capability at each Central NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO 8
  • 10. NPOESS Performance System Requirement Categories Data Quality (EDR Attributes) SMD/HRD LRD Data Latency SMD, 95% 95%@90 min SMD, 15 min HRD/LRD Data Availability 206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec 36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec Spec TRD Objective 28 min 100%@15 77% 21.2 min 87.9% 15 min 15 min 10 min 99.99% 99.95% 100% 94.3% 95% 95.6% TRD Threshold 99% Operational Availability Performance vs. Specification 93% Data Access (and Autonomy) Interoperability Comply SARSAT and A-DCS Comply Endurance/Survivability Non-EDR System Requirements Exceed 10 years life 760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 10
  • 11. NPOESS Spacecraft Overall • Greater than 7-year life • Robust propulsion system accommodates end of life controlled de-orbit • Leverages EOS heritage and experience 1330 satellite shown Spacecraft designed for earth observation missions • • • • • Large nadir platform for maximum payload accommodation in EELV Supports AM and PM missions (all LTAN capability) Optical bench stability Thermally optimized for science payloads Highly modular design facilitates rapid launch call-up objective Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 Multi-orbit configurable solar array • Adjustable cant angle for multiple nodal crossings • Array capability: 7.3kW Plug and play avionics architecture • Advanced 32-bit architecture • Accommodates 1553, 1394, and unique sensor interfaces • Accommodates CCSDS • On-board payload data encryption • Autonomous capability satisfies NPOESS mission requirements 11
  • 12. NPOESS Payload Manifest 1330 vehicle 1730 vehicle 2130 vehicle VIIRS VIIRS VIIRS CrIS CrIS ATMS ATMS CMIS CMIS CMIS SESS/ AURORA SESS/ AURORA OMPS SESS/ AURORA ALT A-DCS A-DCS SARR/SARP SARR/SARP TSIS NPOESS 1330 Configuration SARR/SARP APS (not on contract) CERES/ ERBS Surv Sensor OLI (not on contract) Surv Sensor Surv Sensor Single satellite design with common sensor locations Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 12
  • 13. Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy NPOESS Multispectral Imagery From VIRRS… …combined with ATMS/CMIS Microwave EDRs… …and Altimeter-Derived Ocean Heat Content… … Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone Forecast Accuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Resources
  • 15. Interface Data Processing Segment (IDPS) & Field Terminal Segment (FTS) HRD, LRD Ancillary Data Interface Data Processing Segment • Ingest pre-processed SMD • Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs • Perform data quality monitoring • Provide data to Centrals • Provide data records to LTA SS LSS Mission Data, Ancillary Data, Products C3S IDPS FTS Data Processing Software Field Terminal Segment • Ingest LRD/HRD data streams • Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs • NPOESS-provided software Key Architecture Features: • Distributed IDP deployment at centrals • Symmetric processor architecture • Granule size optimization • Load balancing fault management • Complete ancillary data via HRD link • DoD 8500 compliant central interface • Meets interoperability standards (JTA, DII-COE) Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 15
  • 16. IDPS Architecture Processing Subsystem Command, Control, and Communications Segment SDR/TDR Generation Raw Data Records Stored Mission Data Ingest Subsystem Sensor Data Ancillary Data Auxiliary Data EDR Generation Sensor/Temp Data Records Formatted Data Products Environmental Data Records Data Management Subsystem Raw Data Records Data Delivery Subsystem On-Line Data Storage Data Formatting Infrastructure Subsystem IDP Operator Central Systems Production Scheduling and Control Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 Data Records Long Term Archive Science Data Segment Formatted Data Products Data Quality Monitoring Subsystem GIS Based Visualization and Analysis Toolkit Data Quality Engineer 16
  • 17. FTS Architecture Legend NPOESS / NPP Satellites Satellite Down Link Field Terminal Data Flow Optional FT Data Flow Mission and Ancillary Data (HRD/LRD Downlink) NPOESS Developed NPOESS Defined External Mission Support Data Server * Satellite-SPE Interface Optional FT Interfaces • Ancillary Data • TLE • Other support data * Note: User-defined data source FT Interfaces Satellite - SPE Interface FT-MSDS Interface (Optional) Signal Processing Element • Antenna / RF Processing • GPS and Timing • Satellite Scheduler • CCSDS Processing - Mission Data - Mission Support Data - Satellite Pass Storage - TLE Extraction • Decryption FT Operator Field Terminal Segment Mission Application Element Data Processor Element SPE-DPE Interface Streaming APs • DPE Software (provided by NPOESS) - ING, PRO, INF, DMS, DDS • DPE Hardware (provided by vendor) - Processing - Storage > Mission Data FT Operator > Mission Support Data > Static Data Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005 DPE-MAE Interface Product requests & HDF files • User-defined HDF Product Display • Provides user requests for desired products FT Operator or User 17
  • 18. SENSORS CCSDS (mux, code, frame) & Encrypt Delivered Raw Packetization Compression Aux. Sensor Data Cal. Source ENVIRONMENTAL SOURCE COMPONENTS Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005 Filtration Comm Processing C3 S Comm Receiver RDR Production IDPS Comm Xmitter Data Store OTHER SUBSYSTEMS SPACE SEGMENT NPOESS Products Delivered at Multiple Levels RDR Level A/D Conversion Detection Flux Manipulation TDR Level SDR Production SDR Level EDR Level EDR Production © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
  • 19. Resulting design Advantages Disadvantages – Flexible; Extensible; Allows compression – Inconsistent with heritage operational formats (GRIB, BUFR) – Accessed by API, not format – Limited tools – Arrays can be addressed either by granule or by file File File Metadata – Potentially selfdocumenting Granule Metadata Granule Metadata Granule Metadata – Handles abstract data types and large files Arrays Arrays Arrays – BLOBs (e.g., raw data, external files) can be wrapped Source: Goldberg, AGU Fall Meeting 2005 Granule Granule Granule © 2005 The MITRE Corporation. All rights reserved
  • 20. Metadata Object Allocation to Product Documentation XML Component NPOESS HANDBOOK File Metadata File unique metadata File common metadata pointers (electronic edition) HDF Component copy File Metadata reference Granule Metadata copy Granule Metadata Granule Details Data Any xDR Product Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
  • 21. NPOESS e-Handbook Referenced Components Other Descriptions Ancillary Data Descriptions Environmental Model Descriptions Algorithm Description EDR Processing Parameters NPOESS HANDBOOK (electronic edition) Auxiliary Data Descriptions Sensor Descriptions Algorithm Description T/SDR Processing Parameters Platform Descriptions Comm Description RDR Processing Parameters Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
  • 22. IDPS Development Timeline Time Now 1.3 Start BAR Prep 2/19/04 1.3 FIRST CDW 8/25/04 Design End of End of SWIC/ 1.3 Last End of WFM Seg Int CDW CUT CUT Tests 12/15/04 2/25/05 3/22/05 6/13/05 CUT SWIC/Seg Int WFM Qual RFR Done 9/1/05 Qual BAR 6/22/05 End of CUT 1/11/06 CDW 9/14/05 1.4 Design 1.4 CUT NESDIS AFWA IntegSAT SAT FAT Qual ration Done Done Done Done Done 3/17/06 5/12/06 7/26/06 9/29/06 11/15/06 1.4 1.4 SWIC Qual FAT N- ASAT SAT NESDIS HW Install 06/20/06 – 08/02/06 AFWA HW Install 07/03/06 – 10/03/06 4/15/05 NPOESS PDA 1Q2004 2Q2004 3Q2004 4Q2004 1Q2005 Source: Raytheon Supplier Conference, 10 May 2005 2Q2005 3Q2005 4Q2005 1Q2006 2Q2006 3Q2006 4Q2006 23
  • 23. NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) • Joint NPOESS/NASA Risk Reduction and Data Continuity Mission • • • • VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder ATMS - Advanced Technology MW Sounder OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite • Provides lessons learned • Ground system risk reduction – uses the NPOESS ground system Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
  • 24. NPP Continues Data Time Series Year 1975 Measurement System Ozone 1980 1985 NOAA 7 N9 NIMBUS 7 1990 N11 N14 M3 Microwave Sounding NOAA 7 Imaging Spectroradiometer 1995 EP 2000 2005 NPP N16 N17 OMI AURA AMSU N15-17, AQUA NPP N9 N11 N12 N14 MODIS MODIS N16 TERRA AQUA Thermal Infrared Sounding AIRS NPP AQUA CrIS NPP 2010 2015 OMPS NPOESS (Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite) ATMS NPOESS (Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder) VIIRS NPOESS (Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) CrIS NPOESS (Cross-track Infrared Sounder) Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump Research Quality Operations Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
  • 25. Transition of Systematic Measurements (EOS NPP  NPOESS) EOS Era NPP Era NPOESS Era Measurements: 24/24 EOS Measurements 14/24 EOS Measurements 14+ EOS Measurements Instruments: MODIS , AIRS, AMSU , HSB, CERES, TOMS, OMI, ACRIM, TSIM, SOLSTICE , HIRDLS, MLS, AMSR, EOSP, SeaWiFS, ASTER, ETM+ VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, CERES VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS, OMPS, ERBS, TSIM, CMIS, GPSOS, SESS, Radar Altimeter, DCS, SARSAT, APS Algorithms: NASA funded, PI led teams EDRs IPO funded; Instrument/SSPR contractor teams with OAT oversight EDRs IPO funded; Instrument/SSPR contractor teams with OAT oversight Level 1, selected CDRs NASA funded (via AO process) Level 1, selected CDRs TBD EDRs CDRs IDPS (IPO) SDS (NASA) EDRs CDRs IDPS (IPO) TBD Mid Term: NOAA Long Term: NOAA Mid Term: NOAA Long Term: NOAA IPO/NASA/NOAA led IPO/NOAA led Processing: EOSDIS / PI Processing (NASA) Archive & Distribution: Mid Term: EOSIDS Long Term: NOAA (TBR) Standards: NASA led Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
  • 26. White House Direction on Landsat
  • 27. OLI/NPOESS Mission Advantages • Transition of Landsat into a truly operational measurement • Extension of the Landsat data record past 2020 • Leverage of proposed NPOESS infrastructure • Benefits derived from combining data from OLI with Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor (APS): – Large scale processes of change detected by VIIRS can be more closely analyzed by OLI – OLI data can be used to better calibrate VIIRS and validate Environmental Data Records (EDRs) derived from VIIRS data conversely VIIRS spectral bands can be used to atmospherically correct OLI data – Aerosol measurements and corrections can be applied to both sensors – Terra (MODIS sensor) and Landsat 7 results have already demonstrated the potential of combining data
  • 28. Operational Land Imaging Plan • Responsibilities – NASA -- Procure two OLI sensors, science team – NOAA -- Integration, operations, data relay – USGS -- Image planning, data processing, archive and distribution • Operations concept – USGS provides daily target collection plan – NPOESS • Builds collection into daily mission plan • Receives playback data at SafetyNetTM sites • Data returned to US and forwarded to USGS – USGS • Processes, archives, distributes data
  • 29. Environmental Satellite Program Over Budget, Behind Schedule The U.S. National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS) will exceed its $6.9 billion cost estimate by at least 15 percent, and its planners are now considering cutting instruments and satellites in addition to long delays. “[NPOESS] is so badly broken … we could lose a lot of the climate [components], we could lose instruments,” NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) project scientist Jim Gleason told a committee of the National Research Council of the U.S. National Academies at a 25 October meeting. The first NPOESS satellite had been scheduled to launch in 2009, but the launch date has been moved tentatively to 2012 and is likely to slip even further, according to Gleason. However, NPP has suffered its own setbacks, with its launch being moved from October 2006 to April 2008 and now possibly to April 2009. The main problem affecting NPP has been the difficulty in the engineering and construction of [VIIRS]... Because of the engineering problems that still have to be solved, [VIIRS] currently has no scheduled date for completion, according to Gleason. NPOESS chief scientist Stephen A. Mango told the NRC committee, “other snags ... are going to lead to significant delays.” ... One cost-cutting option is to … not include every instrument on every satellite, he said…[O]ne of the three orbits … could be filled by the [MetOp] satellites, although this may cause problems with data continuity, according to Jack Kaye, director of the research and analysis program at NASA. At the NRC committee meeting, Kaye called this option “a giant step backwards.” Canceling the first NPOESS satellite and using NPP to fill that slot—while it still serves as the transition satellite—has also been discussed, according to Gleason. However, NPP carries only four of the 10 instruments planned for NPOESS satellites. No decisions about any of these options have been made at this point, and Mango hopes to have a better understanding about the future of the project after an NPOESS project planning meeting in December. Kaye noted, though, “I think, in the end, we are all going to be forced to make decisions we don’t want to make because of the budget issues.” Excerpts from News article by Sarah Zielinski, Staff Writer, Eos, Vol. 86, No. 45, 8 November 2005
  • 30. Program Schedule Changes Milestones As of Aug 2002 contract award As of Feb 2004 (rebaseline) As of Aug 2005 Net change from contract award Minimum change from rebaseline Potential data gap NPP launch May 2006 Oct 2006 Apr 2008 23-month delay 18-month delay Not applicable Final POES launch Mar 2008 Mar 2008 Dec 2007 4-month advance First NPOESS satellite planned for launch Apr 2009 Nov 2009 Sep 2010 17-month delay First NPOESS satellite launch if needed to back up the final POES Mar 2008 Feb 2010 Dec 2010 33-month delay 3-yr data gap if final POES fails on launch Final DMSP launch Oct 2009 May 2010 Oct 2011 24-month delay Not applicable Second NPOESS satellite planned for launch Jun 2011 Jun 2011 Dec 2011 6-month delay Source: GAO-06-249T 16 Nov 2005 GAO-06-249T, Not applicable 10-month delay 6-month delay Not applicable Not applicable
  • 31. Program Life Cycle Cost Changes As of Life cycle cost estimate Life cycle range July 2002 $6.5 billion 1995-2018 July 2003 $7.0 billion 1995-2018 September 2004 $8.1 billion 1995-2020 November 2005 To be determined To be determined “Over the past several years, the NPOESS program has experienced continued schedule delays, cost increases, and technical challenges. The schedule for the launch of the first satellite has been delayed by at least 17 months (until September 2010 at the earliest), and this delay could result in a gap in satellite coverage of at least 3 years if the last satellite in the prior satellite fails to launch. Program life cycle cost estimates have grown from $6.5 billion in 2002 to $8.1 billion in 2004 and are still growing. … bringing the life cycle cost estimate to about $9.7 billion. Technical risks in developing key sensors continue, and could lead to further cost increases and schedule delays.” Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005

Editor's Notes

  1. NPP is a joint venture between NPOESS Integrated Program Office and NASA. NPP will fly two of the NPOESS developed sensors, VIIRS, CrIS, as well as NASA’s Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder or ATMS. NPP will provide valuable lessons learned and allow for any required modifications in time to support NPOESS first launch readiness. Just as important, NPP will also focus on Ground System Risk Reduction. It will deliver and test a subset of a NPOESS-like ground system. Users will be able to evaluate NPOESS-quality data products and provide algorithms / instrument verification, calibration, and validation. NPP will also allow for algorithm modification prior to NPOESS first launch .