2. Outline
Program overview
Mission data processing and external
interfaces
Recent changes
Status
This presentation is drawn from published
materials by the program and others.
3. We’re going a long way …
The Historical Context
EOS-Aqua MODIS Image-250 m
First Image from TIROS-1
Saharan Dust off the Canary Islands
18 February 2004
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
3
4. NPOESS Mission
METOP
•
•
Provide a national, operational,
polar-orbiting remote-sensing
capability
NPOESS
NPOESS
Achieve National Performance
Review (NPR) savings by
converging DoD and NOAA
satellite programs
•
Encourage international
cooperation
1330
2130
Incorporate new technologies
from NASA
•
1730
Specialized
Satellites
Local Equatorial Crossing
Time
NPOESS
Tri-agency Effort to Leverage and Combine
Environmental Satellite Activities
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
4
5. The Evolution to NPOESS
1960 - 2010
2000 - 2010
NPP
DMSP
(NPOESS
Preparatory
Project)
(Defense Meteorological
Satellite Program)
POES
(Polar Orbiting
Operational
Environmental Satellites)
2010 – 2020+
NPOESS
(National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental
Satellite System)
EOS
(Earth Observing
System)
Sensor data rate: 1.5 Mbps
Data latency: 100-150 min.
15 Mbps sensor data rate
Data latency: 100-180 min.
Data availability: 98%
Ground revisit time: 12 hrs.
1.7 Gigabytes per day (DMSP)
6.3 Gigabytes per day (POES)
2.6 Terabytes per day (EOS)
2.4 Terabytes per day (NPP)
20 Mbps sensor data rate
Data latency: 28 min.
Data availability: 99.95%
Autonomy capability: 60 days
Ground revisit time: 4-6 hrs
8.1 Terabytes per day
NPOESS satisfies evolutionary program needs with enhanced capabilities
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
5
6. NPOESS Management and Requirements
Structures
Under Secretary of Under Secretary for
the Air Force
Oceans & Atmosphere
Deputy
Administrator
Executive Committee
Senior Users Advisory
Group (SUAG)
• Chair Rotated Every 2 Years
• Reps: DoD, NOAA, & NASA
System Program
Director
Associate Director Associate Director Associate Director
for Acquisition for Technology Transition for Operations
Integrated Program Office
Under Secretary of the Air Force replaced
Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition,
Technology & Logistics
Joint Agency Requirements
Council (JARC)
• Vice Chairman JCS
• NOAA DUS Commerce For
Oceans and Atmosphere
• NASA Associate Administrator
for Earth Science
Joint Agency Requirements
Group (JARG)
User Community and Stakeholders
• Define Requirements
7. NPOESS Architecture
TDRSS
GPS
TDRSS
Space
Segment
A-DCS
2130
C3
Segment
1330
1730
Svalbard
Primary T&C
NPP SMD
Residuals
SARSAT
NPOESS
Satellites
White Sands Complex
LEO&A
Backup T&C
Field
Terminal Segment
HRD
HRD
Field
Field
Terminal
Terminal
Offline Support
Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest
Launch
Support
Segment
Schriever MMC
Contingency
Operations
Team
MMC at Suitland
Flight Operations Team
• Enterprise Management
• Mission Management
• Satellite Operations
• Data Monitoring
& Recovery
NPOESS Stored Mission Data
Command and Telemetry
Source: PolarMax NPOESSNPP Stored Mission Data
System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
FNMOC
Data Del
Data Del
Process
Process
TM
15 Globally Distributed
Receptor Sites Interconnected
by Commercial Fiber
Process
Process
Data Del
Data Del
Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest
SD
S
LTA
AFWA
Data Del
Data Del
Process
Process
NAVO
LRD
LRD
Field
Field
Terminal
Terminal
Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest
NESDIS
Data Del
Data Del
Process
Process
NPP
2230
DQM
DQM
Infra
Data Mgt
Data Mgt
Ingest
Ingest
Interface Data Processing Segment
One full set resides in each of the 4 Centrals
Data Handling Nodes reside at each Central
7
8. NPOESS Concept of Operations
1. Sense Phenomena
2. Downlink Raw Data
3. Transport Data to
Centrals for Processing
TSKY
T
X and L
bands
O
B
TATM
S
L
L
C
Ka-band
A
L
L
R
T
FO
M
G
N
ei
Field
Terminals
j
Monitor and Control Satellites
and Ground Elements
SafetyNetTM
Receptors
Global fiber network connects
15 receptors to Centrals
4. Process Raw data into EDRs
and Deliver to Centrals
MMC (Suitland)
Schriever MMC
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
Full IDP Capability at each Central
NESDIS, AFWA, FNMOC, NAVO
8
10. NPOESS Performance
System Requirement Categories
Data Quality (EDR Attributes)
SMD/HRD
LRD
Data Latency
SMD, 95%
95%@90 min
SMD, 15 min
HRD/LRD
Data Availability
206 attributes above, 799 at, 49 below spec
36 attributes above, 557 at, 20 below spec
Spec TRD Objective
28 min
100%@15
77%
21.2 min
87.9%
15 min 15 min
10 min
99.99%
99.95%
100%
94.3%
95%
95.6%
TRD Threshold
99%
Operational Availability
Performance vs. Specification
93%
Data Access (and Autonomy)
Interoperability
Comply
SARSAT and A-DCS
Comply
Endurance/Survivability
Non-EDR System Requirements
Exceed 10 years life
760 requirements at or above, 10 below spec
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
10
11. NPOESS Spacecraft
Overall
• Greater than 7-year life
• Robust propulsion system
accommodates end of life controlled
de-orbit
• Leverages EOS heritage and
experience
1330 satellite
shown
Spacecraft designed for
earth observation missions
•
•
•
•
•
Large nadir platform for maximum payload accommodation in EELV
Supports AM and PM missions (all LTAN capability)
Optical bench stability
Thermally optimized for science payloads
Highly modular design facilitates rapid launch call-up objective
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
Multi-orbit configurable
solar array
• Adjustable cant angle for
multiple nodal crossings
• Array capability: 7.3kW
Plug and play avionics architecture
• Advanced 32-bit architecture
• Accommodates 1553, 1394, and unique
sensor interfaces
• Accommodates CCSDS
• On-board payload data encryption
• Autonomous capability satisfies
NPOESS mission requirements
11
12. NPOESS Payload Manifest
1330 vehicle
1730 vehicle
2130 vehicle
VIIRS
VIIRS
VIIRS
CrIS
CrIS
ATMS
ATMS
CMIS
CMIS
CMIS
SESS/
AURORA
SESS/
AURORA
OMPS
SESS/
AURORA
ALT
A-DCS
A-DCS
SARR/SARP
SARR/SARP
TSIS
NPOESS 1330 Configuration
SARR/SARP
APS
(not on
contract)
CERES/
ERBS
Surv Sensor
OLI
(not on
contract)
Surv Sensor
Surv Sensor
Single satellite design with common sensor locations
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
12
13. Coincident Advanced Sensors Provide Synergy
NPOESS
Multispectral Imagery
From VIRRS…
…combined with ATMS/CMIS
Microwave EDRs…
…and Altimeter-Derived
Ocean Heat Content…
… Supports Improved Tropical Cyclone Forecast
Accuracy & Reduced Impact on Maritime Resources
15. Interface Data Processing Segment
(IDPS) & Field Terminal Segment (FTS)
HRD, LRD
Ancillary
Data
Interface Data Processing Segment
• Ingest pre-processed SMD
• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
• Perform data quality monitoring
• Provide data to Centrals
• Provide data records to LTA
SS
LSS
Mission Data,
Ancillary Data,
Products
C3S
IDPS
FTS
Data
Processing
Software
Field Terminal Segment
• Ingest LRD/HRD data streams
• Process RDRs, SDRs, EDRs
• NPOESS-provided software
Key Architecture Features:
• Distributed IDP deployment at centrals
• Symmetric processor architecture
• Granule size optimization
• Load balancing fault management
• Complete ancillary data via HRD link
• DoD 8500 compliant central interface
• Meets interoperability standards (JTA, DII-COE)
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
15
16. IDPS Architecture
Processing Subsystem
Command,
Control, and
Communications
Segment
SDR/TDR
Generation
Raw
Data
Records
Stored
Mission
Data
Ingest Subsystem
Sensor Data
Ancillary Data
Auxiliary Data
EDR
Generation
Sensor/Temp
Data
Records
Formatted
Data
Products
Environmental
Data
Records
Data Management
Subsystem
Raw
Data
Records
Data Delivery
Subsystem
On-Line
Data Storage
Data
Formatting
Infrastructure Subsystem
IDP
Operator
Central
Systems
Production Scheduling
and Control
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
Data
Records
Long
Term
Archive
Science
Data
Segment
Formatted
Data Products
Data Quality Monitoring
Subsystem
GIS Based Visualization
and Analysis Toolkit
Data Quality
Engineer
16
17. FTS Architecture
Legend
NPOESS / NPP
Satellites
Satellite Down Link
Field Terminal Data Flow
Optional FT Data Flow
Mission and Ancillary Data
(HRD/LRD Downlink)
NPOESS Developed
NPOESS Defined
External Mission Support
Data Server *
Satellite-SPE
Interface
Optional FT Interfaces
• Ancillary Data
• TLE
• Other support data
* Note: User-defined data source
FT Interfaces
Satellite - SPE Interface
FT-MSDS
Interface
(Optional)
Signal Processing Element
• Antenna / RF Processing
• GPS and Timing
• Satellite Scheduler
• CCSDS Processing
- Mission Data
- Mission Support Data
- Satellite Pass Storage
- TLE Extraction
• Decryption
FT Operator
Field Terminal Segment
Mission Application
Element
Data Processor Element
SPE-DPE
Interface
Streaming APs
• DPE Software (provided by NPOESS)
- ING, PRO, INF, DMS, DDS
• DPE Hardware (provided by vendor)
- Processing
- Storage
> Mission Data
FT Operator
> Mission Support Data
> Static Data
Source: PolarMax NPOESS System Overview, NGST & Raytheon, 27 Oct 2005
DPE-MAE
Interface
Product requests &
HDF files
• User-defined HDF Product
Display
• Provides user requests for desired
products
FT Operator
or User
17
20. Metadata Object Allocation to Product
Documentation
XML Component
NPOESS
HANDBOOK
File Metadata
File unique metadata
File common metadata
pointers
(electronic edition)
HDF Component
copy
File Metadata
reference
Granule Metadata
copy
Granule Metadata
Granule Details
Data
Any xDR Product
Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
21. NPOESS e-Handbook Referenced
Components
Other Descriptions
Ancillary Data
Descriptions
Environmental Model
Descriptions
Algorithm
Description
EDR Processing
Parameters
NPOESS
HANDBOOK
(electronic edition)
Auxiliary Data
Descriptions
Sensor Descriptions
Algorithm
Description
T/SDR
Processing
Parameters
Platform Descriptions
Comm Description
RDR Processing
Parameters
Source: Goldberg, HDF Workshop 2003
22. IDPS Development Timeline
Time Now
1.3 Start
BAR
Prep
2/19/04
1.3
FIRST
CDW
8/25/04
Design
End of
End of SWIC/
1.3 Last End of WFM Seg Int
CDW
CUT
CUT
Tests
12/15/04 2/25/05 3/22/05 6/13/05
CUT
SWIC/Seg
Int
WFM
Qual
RFR
Done
9/1/05
Qual
BAR
6/22/05
End of
CUT
1/11/06
CDW
9/14/05
1.4
Design
1.4
CUT
NESDIS AFWA
IntegSAT
SAT
FAT
Qual
ration
Done
Done
Done
Done
Done
3/17/06 5/12/06 7/26/06 9/29/06 11/15/06
1.4 1.4
SWIC Qual
FAT
N- ASAT SAT
NESDIS HW Install 06/20/06 – 08/02/06
AFWA HW Install 07/03/06 – 10/03/06
4/15/05
NPOESS
PDA
1Q2004
2Q2004
3Q2004
4Q2004
1Q2005
Source: Raytheon Supplier Conference, 10 May 2005
2Q2005
3Q2005
4Q2005
1Q2006
2Q2006
3Q2006
4Q2006
23
23. NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP)
•
Joint NPOESS/NASA Risk Reduction and Data Continuity
Mission
•
•
•
•
VIIRS - Vis/IR Imager Radiometer Suite
CrIS - Cross-track IR Sounder
ATMS - Advanced Technology MW Sounder
OMPS - Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite
•
Provides lessons learned
•
Ground system risk reduction – uses the NPOESS
ground system
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
24. NPP Continues Data Time Series
Year
1975
Measurement System
Ozone
1980
1985
NOAA 7
N9
NIMBUS 7
1990
N11
N14
M3
Microwave Sounding
NOAA 7
Imaging
Spectroradiometer
1995
EP
2000
2005
NPP
N16 N17
OMI AURA
AMSU N15-17, AQUA NPP
N9
N11 N12 N14
MODIS
MODIS
N16
TERRA
AQUA
Thermal Infrared Sounding
AIRS
NPP
AQUA
CrIS
NPP
2010
2015
OMPS
NPOESS (Ozone Mapping and
Profiler Suite)
ATMS
NPOESS (Advanced Technology
Microwave Sounder)
VIIRS
NPOESS (Visible/Infrared
Imaging Radiometer
Suite)
CrIS
NPOESS (Cross-track Infrared
Sounder)
Conventional Operations EOS Technology Jump Research Quality Operations
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
25. Transition of Systematic Measurements
(EOS NPP NPOESS)
EOS Era
NPP Era
NPOESS Era
Measurements: 24/24 EOS Measurements
14/24 EOS Measurements
14+ EOS Measurements
Instruments:
MODIS , AIRS, AMSU ,
HSB, CERES, TOMS,
OMI, ACRIM, TSIM,
SOLSTICE , HIRDLS,
MLS, AMSR, EOSP,
SeaWiFS, ASTER, ETM+
VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS,
OMPS, CERES
VIIRS, CrIS, ATMS,
OMPS, ERBS, TSIM,
CMIS, GPSOS, SESS,
Radar Altimeter, DCS,
SARSAT, APS
Algorithms:
NASA funded, PI led
teams
EDRs
IPO funded;
Instrument/SSPR
contractor teams with OAT
oversight
EDRs
IPO funded;
Instrument/SSPR
contractor teams with OAT
oversight
Level 1, selected CDRs
NASA funded (via AO
process)
Level 1, selected CDRs
TBD
EDRs
CDRs
IDPS (IPO) SDS (NASA)
EDRs
CDRs
IDPS (IPO) TBD
Mid Term: NOAA
Long Term: NOAA
Mid Term: NOAA
Long Term: NOAA
IPO/NASA/NOAA led
IPO/NOAA led
Processing:
EOSDIS / PI Processing
(NASA)
Archive &
Distribution:
Mid Term: EOSIDS
Long Term: NOAA (TBR)
Standards:
NASA led
Source: IPO ADTT NPOESS Program Overview, 13 April 2005
27. OLI/NPOESS Mission Advantages
•
Transition of Landsat into a truly operational measurement
•
Extension of the Landsat data record past 2020
•
Leverage of proposed NPOESS infrastructure
•
Benefits derived from combining data from OLI with Visible/Infrared
Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) and the Aerosol Polarimeter Sensor
(APS):
– Large scale processes of change detected by VIIRS can be more closely
analyzed by OLI
– OLI data can be used to better calibrate VIIRS and validate Environmental
Data Records (EDRs) derived from VIIRS data conversely VIIRS spectral
bands can be used to atmospherically correct OLI data
– Aerosol measurements and corrections can be applied to both sensors
– Terra (MODIS sensor) and Landsat 7 results have already demonstrated
the potential of combining data
28. Operational Land Imaging Plan
•
Responsibilities
– NASA -- Procure two OLI sensors, science team
– NOAA -- Integration, operations, data relay
– USGS -- Image planning, data processing, archive and
distribution
•
Operations concept
– USGS provides daily target collection plan
– NPOESS
• Builds collection into daily mission plan
• Receives playback data at SafetyNetTM sites
• Data returned to US and forwarded to USGS
– USGS
• Processes, archives, distributes data
29. Environmental Satellite Program
Over Budget, Behind Schedule
The U.S. National Polar-orbiting
Operational Environmental Satellite
System (NPOESS) will exceed its $6.9
billion cost estimate by at least 15
percent, and its planners are now
considering cutting instruments and
satellites in addition to long delays.
“[NPOESS] is so badly broken … we could
lose a lot of the climate [components], we could
lose instruments,” NPOESS Preparatory
Project (NPP) project scientist Jim Gleason told
a committee of the National Research Council of
the U.S. National Academies at a 25 October
meeting.
The first NPOESS satellite had been scheduled
to launch in 2009, but the launch date has been
moved tentatively to 2012 and is likely to slip
even further, according to Gleason.
However, NPP has suffered its own setbacks,
with its launch being moved from October 2006
to April 2008 and now possibly to April 2009.
The main problem affecting NPP has been the
difficulty in the engineering and construction of
[VIIRS]... Because of the engineering problems
that still have to be solved, [VIIRS] currently
has no scheduled date for completion, according
to Gleason.
NPOESS chief scientist Stephen A. Mango told the
NRC committee, “other snags ... are going to lead to
significant delays.”
... One cost-cutting option is to … not include
every instrument on every satellite, he said…[O]ne
of the three orbits … could be filled by the [MetOp]
satellites, although this may cause problems with
data continuity, according to Jack Kaye, director of
the research and analysis program at NASA. At the
NRC committee meeting, Kaye called this option “a
giant step backwards.”
Canceling the first NPOESS satellite and using
NPP to fill that slot—while it still serves as the
transition satellite—has also been discussed,
according to Gleason. However, NPP carries only
four of the 10 instruments planned for NPOESS
satellites.
No decisions about any of these options have been
made at this point, and Mango hopes to have a
better understanding about the future of the project
after an NPOESS project planning meeting in
December.
Kaye noted, though, “I think, in the end, we are all
going to be forced to make decisions we don’t want
to make because of the budget issues.”
Excerpts from News article by Sarah Zielinski, Staff
Writer, Eos, Vol. 86, No. 45, 8 November 2005
30. Program Schedule Changes
Milestones
As of
Aug
2002
contract
award
As of
Feb
2004
(rebaseline)
As of
Aug
2005
Net
change
from
contract
award
Minimum
change
from
rebaseline
Potential
data gap
NPP launch
May
2006
Oct
2006
Apr
2008
23-month
delay
18-month
delay
Not
applicable
Final POES launch
Mar
2008
Mar
2008
Dec
2007
4-month
advance
First NPOESS
satellite planned for
launch
Apr
2009
Nov
2009
Sep
2010
17-month
delay
First NPOESS
satellite launch if
needed to back up
the final POES
Mar
2008
Feb
2010
Dec
2010
33-month
delay
3-yr data
gap if final
POES fails
on launch
Final DMSP launch
Oct
2009
May
2010
Oct
2011
24-month
delay
Not
applicable
Second NPOESS
satellite planned for
launch
Jun
2011
Jun
2011
Dec
2011
6-month
delay
Source: GAO-06-249T 16 Nov 2005
GAO-06-249T,
Not
applicable
10-month
delay
6-month
delay
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
31. Program Life Cycle Cost Changes
As of
Life cycle cost estimate
Life cycle range
July 2002
$6.5 billion
1995-2018
July 2003
$7.0 billion
1995-2018
September 2004
$8.1 billion
1995-2020
November 2005
To be determined
To be determined
“Over the past several years, the NPOESS program has experienced continued
schedule delays, cost increases, and technical challenges. The schedule for
the launch of the first satellite has been delayed by at least 17 months (until
September 2010 at the earliest), and this delay could result in a gap in satellite
coverage of at least 3 years if the last satellite in the prior satellite fails to
launch. Program life cycle cost estimates have grown from $6.5 billion in 2002
to $8.1 billion in 2004 and are still growing. … bringing the life cycle cost
estimate to about $9.7 billion. Technical risks in developing key sensors
continue, and could lead to further cost increases and schedule delays.”
Source: GAO-06-249T, 16 Nov 2005
Editor's Notes
NPP is a joint venture between NPOESS Integrated Program Office and NASA. NPP will fly two of the NPOESS developed sensors, VIIRS, CrIS, as well as NASA’s Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder or ATMS. NPP will provide valuable lessons learned and allow for any required modifications in time to support NPOESS first launch readiness.
Just as important, NPP will also focus on Ground System Risk Reduction. It will deliver and test a subset of a NPOESS-like ground system. Users will be able to evaluate NPOESS-quality data products and provide algorithms / instrument verification, calibration, and validation. NPP will also allow for algorithm modification prior to NPOESS first launch .