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Green IT at the
University of Bahrain Initiatives,
  Readiness and Capability
         Maturity Level
                  By
           Jaflah Al-Ammary
                College of IT
            University of Bahrain
Research Objectives
1- Investigative the current situation
   regarding Green IT at the University of
   Bahrain by identifying the following:
  a- The Green IT initiatives
  b- The Green IT Readiness
  c- The Green IT Capability Maturity level
2- Develop a Green IT adoption model for
   University of Bahrain
Introduction
   In a world of continuity innovation and highly
    dependency on new technology, Information
    Technology (IT) is considered as an essential
    component in most of the organizations.

   The increasing use of IT equipment and their
    short life span have caused two major problems:
    Energy consumption and E-Waste.

   The total life cycle of IT products and data
    centers' power usage make the energy of IT
    significantly high.

   The growing of E-Waste poses serious health
    and environmental hazard because electronic
    products contain toxic materials (Hanne, 2011).
Introduction
 Nowadays Green IT concerns have grown
  beyond being just a trend, as most of the
  organization needs to achieve considerable
  reductions of carbon emissions and cost
  savings (Widjaja, et al., 2011).

 The time is coming for industries, agencies and
  individuals to consider Green IT seriously and
  spread awareness across the world.

 Therefore, Green IT appears to be the right
  element to connect both cooperate innovation
  and environment (Widjaja, et al., 2011).
Introduction
• Many initiatives have been taken by
  governments and IT industries in many
  developed countries to promote Green IT
  practices.

• Taking advantage from existing initiatives
  will offer economical, environmental and
  social benefits to the developing countries
  (Hanne, 2011).
Introduction
University of Bahrain believe that environmental or
green initiatives are the key to ensure the
achievement of the goal of advancing
environmental sustainability.

Other benefits University of Bahrain can obtain by
adopting Green IT include:
• Gaining a competitive advantage by
    differentiating themselves as a Green-certify
    organization
• Improving their efficiency and potentially
    lowering operating costs
• Providing a cleaner and healthier work
    environment
Introduction
• University of Bahrain has some green
  initiatives like their intensive researches in

   •   Alternative fuels
   •   Clean energy
   •   Wind engineering
   •   Bio- Fuel

• In addition, there are some Green IT initiatives
  in place aims to reduce the energy
  consumption and carbon emissions.
Introduction
   It is encouraging that University of Bahrain has
    green initiatives in place but it is not surprising that
    taking the next step and introducing green
    technology, is lagging behind.

   In fact like other non-profit organizations,
    University of Bahrain think that those initiatives are
    more expensive to implement (at least in the short
    term) and therefore are reluctant to do so
    particularly in tight financial circumstances.
Introduction
   University of Bahrain like other organizations
    need to act now, as for a large organization in the
    developed countries it can take up to 18 months
    to green the IT department and data centre.

   Therefore, there is a need for coordinated efforts
    between the University of Bahrain, government,
    and industry to bring an overall solution to
    environmental issues related to the use of IT.
Indicators for Green IT
Initiatives at University of
          Bahrain
Green IT initiatives
•    Info-Tech (2007) have identified 11 technology and
     initiatives as indicators of green IT. These include:
•    Equipment recycling,
•    Server consolidation and virtualization
•    Print optimization
•    Rightsizing IT equipment
•    Budget allocation for Green IT projects
•    Carbon offsetting
•    Data center
    •     Liquid cooling for IT equipment,
    •     DC powered IT equipment,
    •     Data centre airflow management,
    •     Optimizing data centre energy efficiency
    •     Airside/waterside economizer
The Connection Research RMIT Green IT
             Framework
The Connection Research
          RMIT Green IT Framework
• This Framework is used by many organizations to
  categorize many aspects of Green ICT.

• It takes a holistic view of Green ICT and sustainability,
  across the enterprise, and then drills into individual
  technologies and business best Practices.

• It contains four vertical components, or “pillars”, each of
  which is broken further into specific areas of Green
  ICT; and five horizontal components, or “actions” which
  describe separate approaches to the verticals
  (Philipson, 2010)
Equipment lifecycle
Recycle and reuse
  The fate of the devices of members of CIT

   70%         66%

   60%

   50%

   40%

   30%
                                                            24%
   20%
                                           10%
   10%
                            0%
    0%
                                      Covert them into   Keep them in
             Trash them   Sell them
                                             art           storage
% of staff      66%         0%             10%               24%
Equipment lifecycle
                Disposal
At the University of Bahrain equipments like PCs,
printers, data show and etc., needs to be physically
disposed of. The following are different ways of
electronic equipment disposal:

-   Selling them to the UOB members or students
-   Donate them to some of the none-profit
    organizations and societies
-   Selling then as spare parts
-   Selling them via tenders to some E-agents
End-user computing
                            Desktop
                  Number of devices used by CIT members

Ipad2-similar devices       5

           Chargers                                            135

          Old phone                                  73

        Smart phone                                       93

              Laptop                            62

  Desktop computer                         46

        Laser Printer            13

      Deskjet Printer                 37

                CRT     0

                LCD                    42

                LED             10
End-user computing
    Mobile computing

  Mobile Computing at CIT (students and staff)

            65%




   35%


                              20%
                     15%
                                      12%     10%




WEB SITE   BLACK   WEB CT   MOODLE   IPAD   IPHONE
           BORD
End-user computing
          Departmental computing
                         Electronic devices at the CIT


      No. of Faxes



            Laser



          Deskjet



    No. of servers



No. of PCs in LABs


                     0      100   200    300   400   500   600   700
End-user computing
      Printing and energy consumption

• Most of the CIT members are printing in both
  sides of the paper.

• Centralization of the printing (printing centers)
  this will reduce the energy consumption of at
  least 33 printers from each department and at
  least 924 printers from the colleges
ICT as a Low Carbon Enabler
  Outsourcing and clod computing

Most of the copiers and the heavy duty printers
are outsourced at the University of Bahrain

Most of the students and some academic staff at
the CIT and College of Business are using Cloud
Computing in their learning and teaching process
(Dropbox, Google doc and calendar, WIKI, Ever-
note and so on)
Green IT Readiness at
 University of Bahrain
Green IT Readiness measures how well a
company has and can integrate green into
  their IT and utilize it (Molla, Cooper, &
           Pittayachawan, 2009).

   •   Attitude and awareness
   •   Policy
   •   Practice
   •   Technology
   •   Governance
Green IT Readiness

• Green IT Attitude is “an organization’s IT human
  infrastructure’s emotion towards climate change and
  eco-sustainability”

• Green IT Policy “encompasses the frameworks an
  organization puts in place to apply environmental
  criteria in its IT related activities”

• Green IT Practice “pertains to the actual application
  and realization of eco-sustainability considerations in
  IT infrastructure sourcing, operation and disposal”
Green IT Readiness
Green IT Technology “refers to technologies and
information systems for
(a) reducing the energy consumption of powering and
    cooling corporate IT assets (such as data centers)
(b) optimizing the energy efficiency of the IT technical
    Infrastructure
(c) reducing IT induced greenhouse gas emissions
(d) supplanting carbon emitting business practices
(e) analyzing a business’s total environmental
    footprint”

Green IT Governance is “the operating model that
   defines the administration of Green IT initiatives
   and is closely related to the policy construct”
Attitude and awareness
CIT members awareness toward
                                                   Green IT
    I’m very concerned about reducing IT’s power consumption in
                               UOB

 UOB has investigated ways to reduce IT’s power consumption in
                       its departments

UOB has a policy that states staff should turn off computers when
                       they are not in use


                 UOB/ IT college has executed Green IT initiatives


                        I turn off my computer when I’m not using it


                               I prefer to print on both side of paper
                                                                                                      Dis-agree

I believe that tackling the carbon emission of IT systems should be                                   Neutral
               a core part of a green business strategy                                               Agree

  IT professionals should be concerned with controlling the power
                           consumption

 I believe that IT professionals can play significant roles in helping
                  tackle business’s carbon emission

   I have purposely attempted to attend a seminar or workshop on
                             Green IT


I am willing to learn/ gather more information about Green IT issue


                     I read news and articles about Green IT issue


                                                                         0   10   20   30   40   50
The most appropriate disposal methods
        for the obsolete electronic devices



    Other        2%




Exclusion               10%




RECYCLE                                                           64%




  REUSE                                   32%


            0%        10%     20%   30%         40%   50%   60%     70%
Practice
Practice
How the ICT members are leaving
their PCs after the working hours

                Chart Title
Standby Mode            Sleep Mode
Shutdon                 others (leave it opend)
                 4%

                       14%


                              14%



          68%
How often the academic staff at
     college of IT are asking for PC
              maintenance




   32%
                            28%

                                       18%

                                                    10%
                8%


Never Asked Every Mouth    Every     Every Year   More than
                          Semester                one year
Green ICT Capability
Maturity level for University
         of Bahrain
Green ICT Capability Maturity Model
             source (Connection Research, 2010)

Connection Research determines the maturity levels through
the administration of a survey which asks questions about
each aspect of Green ICT, as identified in the Framework.
Questions are asked about actions (attitude, policy, practice,
technology, metrics), for each of the four pillars.

Each question is constructed to rate that factor on a CMM
scale from 0 to 5, then all relevant questions in each of the
four pillars are aggregated and weighted to deliver a score
(out of 100) for that pillar.
Green ICT Capability Maturity Model
     source (Connection Research, 2010)
Green IT Adoption Model for
   University of Bahrain
Model of adopting
                 Green IT at UOB
  Green IT
 Readiness


Technological
context                           Behavior
                  Drivers of    Intention to    Green IT
                  Green IT     adopt Green IT   adoption
Organizational
context


Environmental
Context
Green IT Drivers
The green IT drivers (Molla, 2008)
  • Regulatory drivers
  • Ethical drivers
  • Economical drivers
Overview of drivers of green IS initiatives (Source (Islam, 2012))
Green IT Drivers
Drivers for uptake of Green IT (Mazenier,
 2007):
Reduce power consumption - Lower costs
Lower carbon emissions and environmental
     impact (e.g. recycling)
Improved systems performance and
     utilization
Green IT Readiness
Green it   uob
Model of adopting
Green IT Readiness   Green IT at UOB
Technological
context                                         Behavior Intention to
                      Drivers of Green                                  Green IT
                                                  adopt Green IT
                             IT                                         adoption
Organizational
context
                      Regulatory/legislations
Environmental         Ethical motives
Context
                      Economics opportunities
                      Stakeholders pressure
Attitude
 Policies
Practices
Technical
Governance
Q&A

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Green it uob

  • 1. Green IT at the University of Bahrain Initiatives, Readiness and Capability Maturity Level By Jaflah Al-Ammary College of IT University of Bahrain
  • 2. Research Objectives 1- Investigative the current situation regarding Green IT at the University of Bahrain by identifying the following: a- The Green IT initiatives b- The Green IT Readiness c- The Green IT Capability Maturity level 2- Develop a Green IT adoption model for University of Bahrain
  • 3. Introduction  In a world of continuity innovation and highly dependency on new technology, Information Technology (IT) is considered as an essential component in most of the organizations.  The increasing use of IT equipment and their short life span have caused two major problems: Energy consumption and E-Waste.  The total life cycle of IT products and data centers' power usage make the energy of IT significantly high.  The growing of E-Waste poses serious health and environmental hazard because electronic products contain toxic materials (Hanne, 2011).
  • 4. Introduction  Nowadays Green IT concerns have grown beyond being just a trend, as most of the organization needs to achieve considerable reductions of carbon emissions and cost savings (Widjaja, et al., 2011).  The time is coming for industries, agencies and individuals to consider Green IT seriously and spread awareness across the world.  Therefore, Green IT appears to be the right element to connect both cooperate innovation and environment (Widjaja, et al., 2011).
  • 5. Introduction • Many initiatives have been taken by governments and IT industries in many developed countries to promote Green IT practices. • Taking advantage from existing initiatives will offer economical, environmental and social benefits to the developing countries (Hanne, 2011).
  • 6. Introduction University of Bahrain believe that environmental or green initiatives are the key to ensure the achievement of the goal of advancing environmental sustainability. Other benefits University of Bahrain can obtain by adopting Green IT include: • Gaining a competitive advantage by differentiating themselves as a Green-certify organization • Improving their efficiency and potentially lowering operating costs • Providing a cleaner and healthier work environment
  • 7. Introduction • University of Bahrain has some green initiatives like their intensive researches in • Alternative fuels • Clean energy • Wind engineering • Bio- Fuel • In addition, there are some Green IT initiatives in place aims to reduce the energy consumption and carbon emissions.
  • 8. Introduction  It is encouraging that University of Bahrain has green initiatives in place but it is not surprising that taking the next step and introducing green technology, is lagging behind.  In fact like other non-profit organizations, University of Bahrain think that those initiatives are more expensive to implement (at least in the short term) and therefore are reluctant to do so particularly in tight financial circumstances.
  • 9. Introduction  University of Bahrain like other organizations need to act now, as for a large organization in the developed countries it can take up to 18 months to green the IT department and data centre.  Therefore, there is a need for coordinated efforts between the University of Bahrain, government, and industry to bring an overall solution to environmental issues related to the use of IT.
  • 10. Indicators for Green IT Initiatives at University of Bahrain
  • 11. Green IT initiatives • Info-Tech (2007) have identified 11 technology and initiatives as indicators of green IT. These include: • Equipment recycling, • Server consolidation and virtualization • Print optimization • Rightsizing IT equipment • Budget allocation for Green IT projects • Carbon offsetting • Data center • Liquid cooling for IT equipment, • DC powered IT equipment, • Data centre airflow management, • Optimizing data centre energy efficiency • Airside/waterside economizer
  • 12. The Connection Research RMIT Green IT Framework
  • 13. The Connection Research RMIT Green IT Framework • This Framework is used by many organizations to categorize many aspects of Green ICT. • It takes a holistic view of Green ICT and sustainability, across the enterprise, and then drills into individual technologies and business best Practices. • It contains four vertical components, or “pillars”, each of which is broken further into specific areas of Green ICT; and five horizontal components, or “actions” which describe separate approaches to the verticals (Philipson, 2010)
  • 14. Equipment lifecycle Recycle and reuse The fate of the devices of members of CIT 70% 66% 60% 50% 40% 30% 24% 20% 10% 10% 0% 0% Covert them into Keep them in Trash them Sell them art storage % of staff 66% 0% 10% 24%
  • 15. Equipment lifecycle Disposal At the University of Bahrain equipments like PCs, printers, data show and etc., needs to be physically disposed of. The following are different ways of electronic equipment disposal: - Selling them to the UOB members or students - Donate them to some of the none-profit organizations and societies - Selling then as spare parts - Selling them via tenders to some E-agents
  • 16. End-user computing Desktop Number of devices used by CIT members Ipad2-similar devices 5 Chargers 135 Old phone 73 Smart phone 93 Laptop 62 Desktop computer 46 Laser Printer 13 Deskjet Printer 37 CRT 0 LCD 42 LED 10
  • 17. End-user computing Mobile computing Mobile Computing at CIT (students and staff) 65% 35% 20% 15% 12% 10% WEB SITE BLACK WEB CT MOODLE IPAD IPHONE BORD
  • 18. End-user computing Departmental computing Electronic devices at the CIT No. of Faxes Laser Deskjet No. of servers No. of PCs in LABs 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
  • 19. End-user computing Printing and energy consumption • Most of the CIT members are printing in both sides of the paper. • Centralization of the printing (printing centers) this will reduce the energy consumption of at least 33 printers from each department and at least 924 printers from the colleges
  • 20. ICT as a Low Carbon Enabler Outsourcing and clod computing Most of the copiers and the heavy duty printers are outsourced at the University of Bahrain Most of the students and some academic staff at the CIT and College of Business are using Cloud Computing in their learning and teaching process (Dropbox, Google doc and calendar, WIKI, Ever- note and so on)
  • 21. Green IT Readiness at University of Bahrain
  • 22. Green IT Readiness measures how well a company has and can integrate green into their IT and utilize it (Molla, Cooper, & Pittayachawan, 2009). • Attitude and awareness • Policy • Practice • Technology • Governance
  • 23. Green IT Readiness • Green IT Attitude is “an organization’s IT human infrastructure’s emotion towards climate change and eco-sustainability” • Green IT Policy “encompasses the frameworks an organization puts in place to apply environmental criteria in its IT related activities” • Green IT Practice “pertains to the actual application and realization of eco-sustainability considerations in IT infrastructure sourcing, operation and disposal”
  • 24. Green IT Readiness Green IT Technology “refers to technologies and information systems for (a) reducing the energy consumption of powering and cooling corporate IT assets (such as data centers) (b) optimizing the energy efficiency of the IT technical Infrastructure (c) reducing IT induced greenhouse gas emissions (d) supplanting carbon emitting business practices (e) analyzing a business’s total environmental footprint” Green IT Governance is “the operating model that defines the administration of Green IT initiatives and is closely related to the policy construct”
  • 26. CIT members awareness toward Green IT I’m very concerned about reducing IT’s power consumption in UOB UOB has investigated ways to reduce IT’s power consumption in its departments UOB has a policy that states staff should turn off computers when they are not in use UOB/ IT college has executed Green IT initiatives I turn off my computer when I’m not using it I prefer to print on both side of paper Dis-agree I believe that tackling the carbon emission of IT systems should be Neutral a core part of a green business strategy Agree IT professionals should be concerned with controlling the power consumption I believe that IT professionals can play significant roles in helping tackle business’s carbon emission I have purposely attempted to attend a seminar or workshop on Green IT I am willing to learn/ gather more information about Green IT issue I read news and articles about Green IT issue 0 10 20 30 40 50
  • 27. The most appropriate disposal methods for the obsolete electronic devices Other 2% Exclusion 10% RECYCLE 64% REUSE 32% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%
  • 30. How the ICT members are leaving their PCs after the working hours Chart Title Standby Mode Sleep Mode Shutdon others (leave it opend) 4% 14% 14% 68%
  • 31. How often the academic staff at college of IT are asking for PC maintenance 32% 28% 18% 10% 8% Never Asked Every Mouth Every Every Year More than Semester one year
  • 32. Green ICT Capability Maturity level for University of Bahrain
  • 33. Green ICT Capability Maturity Model source (Connection Research, 2010) Connection Research determines the maturity levels through the administration of a survey which asks questions about each aspect of Green ICT, as identified in the Framework. Questions are asked about actions (attitude, policy, practice, technology, metrics), for each of the four pillars. Each question is constructed to rate that factor on a CMM scale from 0 to 5, then all relevant questions in each of the four pillars are aggregated and weighted to deliver a score (out of 100) for that pillar.
  • 34. Green ICT Capability Maturity Model source (Connection Research, 2010)
  • 35. Green IT Adoption Model for University of Bahrain
  • 36. Model of adopting Green IT at UOB Green IT Readiness Technological context Behavior Drivers of Intention to Green IT Green IT adopt Green IT adoption Organizational context Environmental Context
  • 37. Green IT Drivers The green IT drivers (Molla, 2008) • Regulatory drivers • Ethical drivers • Economical drivers
  • 38. Overview of drivers of green IS initiatives (Source (Islam, 2012))
  • 39. Green IT Drivers Drivers for uptake of Green IT (Mazenier, 2007): Reduce power consumption - Lower costs Lower carbon emissions and environmental impact (e.g. recycling) Improved systems performance and utilization
  • 42. Model of adopting Green IT Readiness Green IT at UOB Technological context Behavior Intention to Drivers of Green Green IT adopt Green IT IT adoption Organizational context Regulatory/legislations Environmental Ethical motives Context Economics opportunities Stakeholders pressure Attitude Policies Practices Technical Governance
  • 43. Q&A