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New digital ecologies of learning
    Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester
           University of Salamanca
          LTEC conference, #ltec12
               11th July 2012
Outline

• Technologies for learning
• On the horizon
• Learner experience
• Pedagogies of e-learning
• Digital literacies
• Strategies to make better
  use of technologies
• Ecologies of learning
Technologies for learning
•   Audio-graphics            •   Podcasts
•   Blogs                     •   RSS feeds
•   E-Books                   •   Second life
•   E-Portfolios              •   Social bookmarking
•   Games                     •   Twitter
•   Instant Messaging         •   Video Mesaging
•   Mashups                   •   Wikis
•   Mobile learning           •   Video clips and YouTube
•   Photo sharing             •   Video chat

                        Rennie and Morrison, Forthcoming
Mapping Technologies
   Communication+


                                                    Virtual worlds,
                                                    online games &
    Audio & video
                                       Social       immersive environments
    conferencing
                                       networking

                                    Google          What ever happened
    Forums                          wave
                                                    to Google Wave?
                            Wikis

     Email
                    Blogs               Conole and Alevizou, 2010

    Instant
    messaging
    Web
    page                               Media sharing        Mash ups
                                                          Interactivity+
Gutenberg to Zuckerberg
•   Take the long view
•   The web is not the net
•   Disruption is a feature
•   Ecologies not economics
•   Complexity is the new reality
•   The network is now the computer
•   The web is evolving
•   Copyright or copywrong
•   Orwell (fear) or Huxley (pleasure)
       http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2617472088/
       http://memex.naughtons.org/
The Internet of things




• People, resources, thin
  gs
• Semantic connectivity
Google glasses project

• Can ‘see’ the
  Internet on glasses
• Context sensitive
  information
• Contact lenses
  planned


http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c6W4CCU9M4
Game changers
• How do we harness the power
  of new media?
• How can we reach more
  learners, more effectively?
• What
   – is the impact of free
     resources, tools and expertise?
   – new business models are there?
   – new digital literacies are needed?
• We need to rethink education

                           http://www.educause.edu/game-changers
Learner experience
 • Technology immersed
 • Learning approaches: task-
   orientated, experiential, jus
   t in time, cumulative, social
 • Personalised digital
   learning environment
 • Mix of institutional systems
   and cloud-based tools and
   services
 • Use of course materials
   with free resources

                                     Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010
                 http://www.educause.edu/studentsAndTechnologyInfographic
Mayes & De Freitas, 2004
 Pedagogies of e-learning                          Conole 2010

 E-training                                                     Inquiry learning
 Drill & practice                                               Resource-based
                     Associative           Constructivist
                     Focus on individual   Building on prior
                     Learning through      knowledge
                     association and       Task-orientated
                     reinforcement

                      A



                     Situative             Connectivist
                     Learning through      Learning in a
                     social interaction    networked
                     Learning in context   environment         Reflective &
Experiential, Prob
lem-based Role                                                 dialogic learning,
play                                                           Personalised
                                                               learning
Some case study examples
E-training,                   Interactive materials,
drill and practice            E-assessment




                              Google, Media sharing
Inquiry learning, resource-
                              repositories, User-
based learning
                              generated content



                               Virtual worlds,
Experiential, problem-
                              Location aware devices,
based, role play
                              Online games



Reflective and dialogic       Blogs, RSS feeds,
learning, Personalised        E-portfolios, Wikis,
learning                      Social networks
E-training, drill and practice
           McNaught, 2010, Edmedia Keynote
Mobile learning




   E-books
   Study calendars
   Learning resources
   Online modules
   Annotation tools
                              Podcasting
   Communication mechanisms
Inquiry-based learning



                          My community




The Personal Inquiry project
Inquiry-based learning across formal and
informal settings
Sharples, Scanlon et al.
http://www.pi-project.ac.uk/
Resource-based learning




                Open Educational Resources
From OER to OEP
•   Little use or repurposing of OER
•   OPAL looked at Open Educational Practices
•   Analysed 60 OER initiatives
•   POERUP: Country reports and case studies
The OPAL metromap




   http://www.oer-quality.org/
Situated learning –exhibitions
               Archeological digs
               Medical wards
               Art exhibitions
               Cyber-law
               Virtual language exchange
               Beyond formal schooling
Reflective and dialogic learning
                   Blogs and E-portfolios for personal reflection
                   Social bookmarking forresource aggregation
                   Wikis for project-based work
                   Cohort blogs for shared understanding
                   E-portfolios for aggregation and evidence
                   Twitter for just-in-time learning




EDUCAUSE:
7 things you should know about….
Digital literacies: definition
• Set of social practices
  and meaning making of
  digital tools (Lankshear
  and Knobel, 2008)
  Socio-cultural view of
  digital literacy
• Continuum from
  instrumental skills to
  productive competence
  and efficiency
                        http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC67075_TN.pdf
Digital literacies
                  Play               Creativity          Collective intelligence



  Performance                                                         Judgement




  Simulation                                                              Transmedia
                                                                          navigation



  Appropriation                                                      Networking




            Multitasking                                    Negotiation

                                 Distributed cognition                Jenkins, 2009
http://www.imv.au.dk/icreanet/             http://www.flickr.com/photos/r8r/4109502436/
Transmedia navigation


Massive
Open
Online
Course



  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc

                                           http://mooc.ca/
Distributed cognition



Our brain                            Our devices




                    Social and
                                     Salomon, 1993
               participatory media
Play




http://www2.le.ac.uk/projects/swift/
Networking
Collective intelligence
Performance




•   Digital identity
•   Degree of openness
•   Communication and collaboration
•   Digital footprint
Citation indicators
The problem

Social and
participatory media
offer new ways to
communicate and
collaborate           Not fully exploited

Wealth of free        Replicating bad pedagogy
resources and tools
                      Lack of time and skills
The solution


Using the LMS as a Trojan
horse
New approaches to design for
learning:
   Conceptual design views
   Frameworks
   Workshops
   Social media
TheLMSas a Trojan horse

•   LMSas a safe nursery slope
•   Consistent interface
•   Good accessibility
•   Back end monitoring tools
•   Help teachers to:
    – Shift focus from content to
      activities
    – Promote reflection and
      collaboration
Blackboard audit
• Data
   – Online survey (260 returns)
   – Departmental visits
• Key findings
   – Used as content repository
     and administration
   – Pockets of innovation
   – More support needed on
     effective design strategies
   – Tension between teaching
     and research
   – Usability issue
Blackboard+ at Leicester


BB plus Google+
                                   Maths video-lets

                     Prof-casts




     History conundrum            Voicethread
Learning Design
  Shift frombelief-based, implicit
       approaches todesign-
   based,explicit approaches

      A design-based approach to
        creation and support of
                courses


 Encouragesreflective,scholarly
          practices
Promotessharing and discussion
                   http://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/OULDI/
Conceptualise
                                What do we want to design, who for
                                           and why?




                       7Cs of learning Design
                            framework



                                       Consolidate
                                   Evaluate and embed your design



http://beyonddistance.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/carpe-diem-the-7cs-of-design-and-delivery/
Conceptual design views
• Helps
   – Guide the design process
   – Focus on activities not content   Course map

• Each view foregrounds
  different aspects of the design
• Can oscillate between the
  views and iteratively improve
• Makes designs explicit and
                                       Pedagogy profile
  shareable
Course features view




                       Linoit.com
Course Map view




http://www.flickr.com/photos/44251404@N06/4727339064/in/photostream/
Pedagogy profile view




Show spread of the time the learner spends on
different types of activity
Story board view
A pedagogy framework
                 Social
Information




Informal                       Formal


                           Experience


              Individual
Mapping e-Pedagogies to technologies
    Pedagogies                      Technologies
                                    •   Virtual Worlds (VW)
•   Problem-Based Learning (PBL)
                                    •   Google
•   Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL)
                                    •   E-Books
•   Didactic (Did)
                                    •   Blogs, e-Portfolios
•   Reflection (Ref)
                                    •   Discussion Forums (DF)
•   Dialogic Learning (Dial)
                                    •   Wikis
•   Collaboration (Collab)
                                    •   MCQs
•   Assessment (Ass)
                                    •   Google+
•   Communities of Practice (CoP)
                                    •   Twitter
•   IBL – social
                                    •   Youtube
•   User-Generated Content (UGC)
Social
   Information




Informal                          Formal


                              Experience


                 Individual
IBL/Twitter     Social     PBL/VW
CoP/Google+                 Dial/forum
Dial/Skype                  Collab/Wiki




Informal                         Formal




 Ref/Blog                   Ref/e-Portfolio
IBL/Google                  Did/e-Book
UGC/YouTube    Individual   Ass/MCQs
Social
   Information




Informal                           Formal


                              Experience


                 Individual
Ref/Blog        Experience    PBL/VW
 CoP/Google+                    Ref/e-Portfolio
 Dial/Skype                     Dial/Forum




Informal                             Formal




    IBL/Twitter                 Coll/Wiki
IBL/Google                      Did/e-Book
   UGC/YouTube    Information   Ass/MCQs
Workshops


                        Design challenge
                        Create a course in a day!




Carpe diem
2-day design workshop
Social media


• Twitter, fb, LinkedIn
• Special interest groups
• Slideshare, dropbox, Go
  ogle docs
• Cloudworks



                            http://cloudworks.ac.uk
Ecologies of learning
• Co-evolution of
  tools and users
• Niches
  colonisation of
  new habitats
• Survival of the
  fittest
Co-evolution of tools and practices
                     Affordances (Gibson)
          Representation                  Preferences
                  All "action possibilities"
                 latent in an environment…
                 but always in relation to the
  Communication actor and therefore             Interests
                           Evolving
                 dependent on their
                           practices
                 capabilities.
      Connection instance, a tall tree Skills
                 For
                 offers the affordances of
                 food for a Giraffe but not a
        Interactivity
                 sheep.                        Context



         Affordances of                Characteristics
         technologies                  of users
Summary
• Changing nature of education
• New forms of communication
  collaboration & rich multimedia
  representation
• New digital literacies
• New approaches to design



         http://www.flickr.com/photos/10537908@N07/5904661557/
Implications
• Blurring of
  boundaries and
  changing roles
• New pedagogies
  emerging
• New business models
• More open practices
• Disruptive, complex,
  co-evolving
                http://www.flickr.com/photos/ssoosay/6738302627/
Blog: http://e4innovation.com
                        Slides: http://slideshare.net/grainne
                                   Twitter: gconole
Conole, G. (forthcoming), Designing for learning in an open world, New York: Springer
                            Chapters available on dropbox
                               grainne.conole@le.ac.uk

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Conole salamanca final

  • 1. New digital ecologies of learning Gráinne Conole, University of Leicester University of Salamanca LTEC conference, #ltec12 11th July 2012
  • 2. Outline • Technologies for learning • On the horizon • Learner experience • Pedagogies of e-learning • Digital literacies • Strategies to make better use of technologies • Ecologies of learning
  • 3. Technologies for learning • Audio-graphics • Podcasts • Blogs • RSS feeds • E-Books • Second life • E-Portfolios • Social bookmarking • Games • Twitter • Instant Messaging • Video Mesaging • Mashups • Wikis • Mobile learning • Video clips and YouTube • Photo sharing • Video chat Rennie and Morrison, Forthcoming
  • 4. Mapping Technologies Communication+ Virtual worlds, online games & Audio & video Social immersive environments conferencing networking Google What ever happened Forums wave to Google Wave? Wikis Email Blogs Conole and Alevizou, 2010 Instant messaging Web page Media sharing Mash ups Interactivity+
  • 5. Gutenberg to Zuckerberg • Take the long view • The web is not the net • Disruption is a feature • Ecologies not economics • Complexity is the new reality • The network is now the computer • The web is evolving • Copyright or copywrong • Orwell (fear) or Huxley (pleasure) http://www.flickr.com/photos/wallyg/2617472088/ http://memex.naughtons.org/
  • 6. The Internet of things • People, resources, thin gs • Semantic connectivity
  • 7. Google glasses project • Can ‘see’ the Internet on glasses • Context sensitive information • Contact lenses planned http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9c6W4CCU9M4
  • 8. Game changers • How do we harness the power of new media? • How can we reach more learners, more effectively? • What – is the impact of free resources, tools and expertise? – new business models are there? – new digital literacies are needed? • We need to rethink education http://www.educause.edu/game-changers
  • 9. Learner experience • Technology immersed • Learning approaches: task- orientated, experiential, jus t in time, cumulative, social • Personalised digital learning environment • Mix of institutional systems and cloud-based tools and services • Use of course materials with free resources Sharpe, Beetham and De Freitas, 2010 http://www.educause.edu/studentsAndTechnologyInfographic
  • 10. Mayes & De Freitas, 2004 Pedagogies of e-learning Conole 2010 E-training Inquiry learning Drill & practice Resource-based Associative Constructivist Focus on individual Building on prior Learning through knowledge association and Task-orientated reinforcement A Situative Connectivist Learning through Learning in a social interaction networked Learning in context environment Reflective & Experiential, Prob lem-based Role dialogic learning, play Personalised learning
  • 11. Some case study examples E-training, Interactive materials, drill and practice E-assessment Google, Media sharing Inquiry learning, resource- repositories, User- based learning generated content Virtual worlds, Experiential, problem- Location aware devices, based, role play Online games Reflective and dialogic Blogs, RSS feeds, learning, Personalised E-portfolios, Wikis, learning Social networks
  • 12. E-training, drill and practice McNaught, 2010, Edmedia Keynote
  • 13. Mobile learning E-books Study calendars Learning resources Online modules Annotation tools Podcasting Communication mechanisms
  • 14. Inquiry-based learning My community The Personal Inquiry project Inquiry-based learning across formal and informal settings Sharples, Scanlon et al. http://www.pi-project.ac.uk/
  • 15. Resource-based learning Open Educational Resources
  • 16. From OER to OEP • Little use or repurposing of OER • OPAL looked at Open Educational Practices • Analysed 60 OER initiatives • POERUP: Country reports and case studies
  • 17. The OPAL metromap http://www.oer-quality.org/
  • 18. Situated learning –exhibitions Archeological digs Medical wards Art exhibitions Cyber-law Virtual language exchange Beyond formal schooling
  • 19. Reflective and dialogic learning Blogs and E-portfolios for personal reflection Social bookmarking forresource aggregation Wikis for project-based work Cohort blogs for shared understanding E-portfolios for aggregation and evidence Twitter for just-in-time learning EDUCAUSE: 7 things you should know about….
  • 20. Digital literacies: definition • Set of social practices and meaning making of digital tools (Lankshear and Knobel, 2008) Socio-cultural view of digital literacy • Continuum from instrumental skills to productive competence and efficiency http://ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC67075_TN.pdf
  • 21. Digital literacies Play Creativity Collective intelligence Performance Judgement Simulation Transmedia navigation Appropriation Networking Multitasking Negotiation Distributed cognition Jenkins, 2009 http://www.imv.au.dk/icreanet/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/r8r/4109502436/
  • 22. Transmedia navigation Massive Open Online Course http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eW3gMGqcZQc http://mooc.ca/
  • 23. Distributed cognition Our brain Our devices Social and Salomon, 1993 participatory media
  • 27. Performance • Digital identity • Degree of openness • Communication and collaboration • Digital footprint
  • 29. The problem Social and participatory media offer new ways to communicate and collaborate Not fully exploited Wealth of free Replicating bad pedagogy resources and tools Lack of time and skills
  • 30. The solution Using the LMS as a Trojan horse New approaches to design for learning: Conceptual design views Frameworks Workshops Social media
  • 31. TheLMSas a Trojan horse • LMSas a safe nursery slope • Consistent interface • Good accessibility • Back end monitoring tools • Help teachers to: – Shift focus from content to activities – Promote reflection and collaboration
  • 32. Blackboard audit • Data – Online survey (260 returns) – Departmental visits • Key findings – Used as content repository and administration – Pockets of innovation – More support needed on effective design strategies – Tension between teaching and research – Usability issue
  • 33. Blackboard+ at Leicester BB plus Google+ Maths video-lets Prof-casts History conundrum Voicethread
  • 34. Learning Design Shift frombelief-based, implicit approaches todesign- based,explicit approaches A design-based approach to creation and support of courses Encouragesreflective,scholarly practices Promotessharing and discussion http://www.open.ac.uk/blogs/OULDI/
  • 35. Conceptualise What do we want to design, who for and why? 7Cs of learning Design framework Consolidate Evaluate and embed your design http://beyonddistance.wordpress.com/2012/02/07/carpe-diem-the-7cs-of-design-and-delivery/
  • 36. Conceptual design views • Helps – Guide the design process – Focus on activities not content Course map • Each view foregrounds different aspects of the design • Can oscillate between the views and iteratively improve • Makes designs explicit and Pedagogy profile shareable
  • 37. Course features view Linoit.com
  • 39. Pedagogy profile view Show spread of the time the learner spends on different types of activity
  • 41. A pedagogy framework Social Information Informal Formal Experience Individual
  • 42. Mapping e-Pedagogies to technologies Pedagogies Technologies • Virtual Worlds (VW) • Problem-Based Learning (PBL) • Google • Inquiry-Based Learning (IBL) • E-Books • Didactic (Did) • Blogs, e-Portfolios • Reflection (Ref) • Discussion Forums (DF) • Dialogic Learning (Dial) • Wikis • Collaboration (Collab) • MCQs • Assessment (Ass) • Google+ • Communities of Practice (CoP) • Twitter • IBL – social • Youtube • User-Generated Content (UGC)
  • 43. Social Information Informal Formal Experience Individual
  • 44. IBL/Twitter Social PBL/VW CoP/Google+ Dial/forum Dial/Skype Collab/Wiki Informal Formal Ref/Blog Ref/e-Portfolio IBL/Google Did/e-Book UGC/YouTube Individual Ass/MCQs
  • 45. Social Information Informal Formal Experience Individual
  • 46. Ref/Blog Experience PBL/VW CoP/Google+ Ref/e-Portfolio Dial/Skype Dial/Forum Informal Formal IBL/Twitter Coll/Wiki IBL/Google Did/e-Book UGC/YouTube Information Ass/MCQs
  • 47. Workshops Design challenge Create a course in a day! Carpe diem 2-day design workshop
  • 48. Social media • Twitter, fb, LinkedIn • Special interest groups • Slideshare, dropbox, Go ogle docs • Cloudworks http://cloudworks.ac.uk
  • 49. Ecologies of learning • Co-evolution of tools and users • Niches colonisation of new habitats • Survival of the fittest
  • 50. Co-evolution of tools and practices Affordances (Gibson) Representation Preferences All "action possibilities" latent in an environment… but always in relation to the Communication actor and therefore Interests Evolving dependent on their practices capabilities. Connection instance, a tall tree Skills For offers the affordances of food for a Giraffe but not a Interactivity sheep. Context Affordances of Characteristics technologies of users
  • 51. Summary • Changing nature of education • New forms of communication collaboration & rich multimedia representation • New digital literacies • New approaches to design http://www.flickr.com/photos/10537908@N07/5904661557/
  • 52. Implications • Blurring of boundaries and changing roles • New pedagogies emerging • New business models • More open practices • Disruptive, complex, co-evolving http://www.flickr.com/photos/ssoosay/6738302627/
  • 53. Blog: http://e4innovation.com Slides: http://slideshare.net/grainne Twitter: gconole Conole, G. (forthcoming), Designing for learning in an open world, New York: Springer Chapters available on dropbox grainne.conole@le.ac.uk

Editor's Notes

  1. Include link to Course Map in Excel