Regional Clusters Crossing Borders

Economy First: Regional Clusters Crossing Borders
ESPON Workshop
Luxembourg, 5 November 2009Göran LindqvistCSC, Stockholm School of Economics

Agenda
The European Cluster Observatory
Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions
Cluster mapping
Measuring spatial industry agglomeration
Urban vs. rural agglomeration
Future approaches
Q&A
Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009
2

IVORY TOWER
3

www.clusterobservatory.eu
Cluster Mapping
Collaboration Platform
Regional Framework Conditions
Cluster Library
4

Agenda
Cluster mapping
Future approaches
Q&A
5

Co-location of industries
6

Local (not clustered)
The ”cluster sector” represents about 1/3 of all employment
About 65% of employment
Cluster category 1
About 35%of employment
Cluster category 2
7

About 250 NUTS-2 regions
About 500 industries,
38 cluster categories
8

Agenda
Cluster mapping
Future approaches
Q&A
9

Cluster mapping projects
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
v. 1.2
US
SWE
ECO v. 1.0
EU-10
Porter:

US cluster codes
Mapping of the US

Lindqvist, Malmberg & Sölvell:

Translation of US codes to EU codes
Mapping of Sweden, first application in Europe

Ketels, Sölvell, Lindqvist :

Mapping of EU-10
Star measurement system developed

Sölvell, Ketels, Lindqvist & Protsiv :

Mapping of EU-27+4
Launch of the European Cluster Observatory

Lindqvist, Protsiv , Sölvell & Ketels :

Revision of cluster codes based on European data
Introduction of prioritised sectors (e.g. creative industries)

10

11

12

Agenda
Cluster mapping
Future approaches
Q&A
13

Ind. A: 140
Ind. B: 130
Ind. C: 0
Ind. D: 110
Ind. E: 230
Ind. A: 120
Ind. B: 250
Ind. C: 80
Ind. D: 0
Ind. E: 0
Disproportionalitymeasures:Gini, Krugman, Theil, etc.
Ind. A: 260
Ind. B: 310
Ind. C: 100
Ind. D: 190
Ind. E: 240
Agglomeration
measures:Ripley’s K,“Lindqvist’s Q”
Ind. A: 130
Ind. B: 110
Ind. C: 90
Ind. D: 0
Ind. E: 0
Regional totals vs. geo-coded data
14

Agglomeration and co-location
15

Agenda
Cluster mapping
Future approaches
Q&A
16

Rural
Urban
rural, dispersed
urban, dispersed
rural, concentrated
urban, concentrated
Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”
17

Concentration:
the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of the same industrymore than with firms in general
Urbanisation:
the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of any industrymore than firms in general do
Clusters
18

19

Agglomeration depends on the range
20

Concentrated
The urban-rural shift
swine farmers
1 km
egg farmers
meat wholesalers
1 km
5 km
security brokers
1 km
25 km
1 km
1 km
125 km
agricultural wholesalers
non-life insurance
Dispersed
Rural
Urban

Agenda
Cluster mapping
Future approaches
Q&A
22

A flexible online cluster mapping tool
User-defined regions
Combine NUTS-2
Specialregions
Baltic, Mediterranean, Danube
Defaultregions
mostly NUTS-2
User-defined
sectors
Combine NACE-4
Specialsectors
Creative industries, eco, etc.
Defaultsectorsabout 40 categories = allconcentrated industries
23

Agenda
Cluster mapping
Future approaches
Q&A
24

?
!
25

Contact
Göran Lindqvist, PhD
Center for Strategy and Competitiveness
Stocholm School of Economics
www.sse.edu/csc
goran.lindqvist@hhs.se
+46 8 7369524
26