By Øystein B. Jakobsen 10.08.2009

Agenda Introduction to the Copyright debate Conventional distribution models The Genero distribution model The economy of abundance

Introduction to the Copyright debate

Conventional distribution models

The Genero distribution model

The economy of abundance

Introducing Copyright None Statute of Anne 1709 US Constitution 1790 Bern convention 1886 Recent developments ” Mickey Mouse Forever” Copyright on Software ” Works for Hire” ACTA Patents on methods and biology

None

Statute of Anne 1709

US Constitution 1790

Bern convention 1886

Recent developments

” Mickey Mouse Forever”

Copyright on Software

” Works for Hire”

ACTA

Patents on methods and biology

“ ..I say to you that the VCR is to the American film producer and the American public as the Boston strangler is to the woman home alone.”

Introducing Copyleft Free Software Foundation Open Source Initiative Creative Commons Wikimedia …

Free Software Foundation

Open Source Initiative

Creative Commons

Wikimedia

…

What is FriBit? Norwegian Non-profit membership organisation Desires to bring balance to a heated Copyright debate Purpose: To maximise public access to knowledge and culture Strengthen the principles of privacy, due process of law, non-censorship and free communication

Norwegian Non-profit membership organisation

Desires to bring balance to a heated Copyright debate

Purpose:

To maximise public access to knowledge and culture

Strengthen the principles of privacy, due process of law, non-censorship and free communication

Conventional distribution model Copyright owner User Distributor User User Copyright owner Copyright owner

Example: Warner User Copyright owner MSN Music User User Warner store Warner music Copyright owner Copyright owner iTunes

Example: Apple Copyright owner User User User iPod iTunes iPhone Apple TV Copyright owner Copyright owner

Example: Nokia User User User N96 OVI N95 N… Copyright owner Copyright owner Copyright owner

Problems with conventional distribution models Vertical integration Bilateral agreements Common interest groups Complicated permission regime High risk No consumer rights Constant lawsuits Damages the Internet Less competition Inefficient Unhappy customer base

Vertical integration

Bilateral agreements

Common interest groups

Complicated permission regime

High risk

No consumer rights

Constant lawsuits

Damages the Internet

Needs analysis Creator Incentive Expression Needs fullfillment Recognition Monetary Means of production Tools & equipment Parent works Assistance Funding Means of distribution Connect demand & supply Create demand Audience Availability Selection Relevance (not ”quality”) Low price Share with peers …

Creator

Incentive

Expression

Needs fullfillment

Recognition

Monetary

Means of production

Tools & equipment

Parent works

Assistance

Funding

Means of distribution

Connect demand & supply

Create demand

Audience

Availability

Selection

Relevance (not ”quality”)

Low price

Share with peers

…

Guidelines for Genero No exclusive rights for anyone Anyone can become a distributor or aggregator as long as they play by the rules Anyone can create derivative works as long as they share even Trust based Enforcement of rules, attributions etc is based on trust systems. If the community deems you to be a non-trusted fellow, your content or channel will be marked as such and avoided No lawsuits - Genero will be managed by norm and community rather than lawyers Distributed Similar to the architecture of the Internet – No centre, other than standardization bodies that are as neutral as possible Content independent Can be used for any kind of material that can be represented in a digital form. Examples include movies, tv-series, books, music, pictures, software etc Location and technology independent Can be used in any manner of ways in any kind of locations – All content will be available to all distributors equally Entirely API based All access to Genero registries are based on API’s. Creating entries, accessing entries, downloading content etc will all be available through API’s

No exclusive rights for anyone

Anyone can become a distributor or aggregator as long as they play by the rules

Anyone can create derivative works as long as they share even

Trust based

Enforcement of rules, attributions etc is based on trust systems. If the community deems you to be a non-trusted fellow, your content or channel will be marked as such and avoided

No lawsuits - Genero will be managed by norm and community rather than lawyers

Distributed

Similar to the architecture of the Internet – No centre, other than standardization bodies that are as neutral as possible

Content independent

Can be used for any kind of material that can be represented in a digital form. Examples include movies, tv-series, books, music, pictures, software etc

Location and technology independent

Can be used in any manner of ways in any kind of locations – All content will be available to all distributors equally

Entirely API based

All access to Genero registries are based on API’s. Creating entries, accessing entries, downloading content etc will all be available through API’s

High level overview User The audience Distributor Facilitates content access for the user Registry Stores content registry posts with all details Aggregator Facilitates the registration and monetization process towards content owner Copyright owner Owns the rights to creative works Copyright owner User Copyright owner Copyright owner User User Aggregator Distributor Distributor Aggregator Registry

User

The audience

Distributor

Facilitates content access for the user

Registry

Stores content registry posts with all details

Aggregator

Facilitates the registration and monetization process towards content owner

Copyright owner

Owns the rights to creative works

Example roles Writer User Public Library Registry Musician Painter User User Internet Archive FreeArt.com MSN music store Registration Co.

Eksempel of use John Walsh Peter: Reads the book for free on his PC Public Library Registry Walter: Buys the paperback FreeBooks.com HardPop Writers Guild $ 5 $ 20 free John’s chosen licence sais digital copies are free, if you publish a paper book give me 5 bucks

File transfers between aggregator and distributor Aggregator Distributor Registry Registry creates an index based on content in its registry and in federated registries Transfers index and deltas twice a day Transfers index and deltas twice a day. Index is just to alleviate searches towards registry Files are shared. Aggregator would be permanent seed Distributor downloads content based on manual selection and policy from index. Probably the torrent files is not stored, but fetched on request

Registry creates an index based on content in its registry and in federated registries

Transfers index and deltas twice a day

Transfers index and deltas twice a day. Index is just to alleviate searches towards registry

Files are shared. Aggregator would be permanent seed

Distributor downloads content based on manual selection and policy from index. Probably the torrent files is not stored, but fetched on request

Genero licence General terms No DRM Open formats Non-exclusive addition to a free licence Is limited to use within the Genero system No endorsement Derivative works No creative restriction other than no commercial endorsement Attribution Credit according to medium Provide link to parent works Revenue share with parent works Business terms A distributor is free to distribute Genero registered stuff, as long as he adheres to the business terms. Copyright holder can configure terms himself, or apply predefined sets Distributors can filter on compatible works depending on business model and target base

General terms

No DRM

Open formats

Non-exclusive addition to a free licence

Is limited to use within the Genero system

No endorsement

Derivative works

No creative restriction other than no commercial endorsement

Attribution

Credit according to medium

Provide link to parent works

Revenue share with parent works

Business terms

A distributor is free to distribute Genero registered stuff, as long as he adheres to the business terms. Copyright holder can configure terms himself, or apply predefined sets

Distributors can filter on compatible works depending on business model and target base

Genero Initiative Standards organisation to maintain the Genero system Comparable to a mix of ICANN, W3C and CC Defines the Registry behaviour API and data formats Inter-registry compatibility Rules for distributors and aggregators No vertical integration, eg. Cannot hold Genero Copyrights Maintains the Genero licence Maintains the Attribution guidelines Provide support functions Legal support for both Genero actors and Genero licencees Payment support (GPP standards)

Standards organisation to maintain the Genero system

Comparable to a mix of ICANN, W3C and CC

Defines the Registry behaviour

API and data formats

Inter-registry compatibility

Rules for distributors and aggregators

No vertical integration, eg. Cannot hold Genero Copyrights

Maintains the Genero licence

Maintains the Attribution guidelines

Provide support functions

Legal support for both Genero actors and Genero licencees

Payment support (GPP standards)

Example entry Aggregator Registry Content owner Metadata: Author: John Glenn Copyright owner: John Glenn Content category: Music Tags: reggae, jazz, fuzzpop Content type:Music album Licence: CC-BY-NC-SA ++ Genero Content type: Music album Content category: flac song01.flac.torrent song02.flac.torrent Content category: Source song01.midi.torrent song02.midi.torrent Content category: Misc music.video.avi.torrent cover.front.jpg.torrent cover.back.jpg.torrent storplakat.jpg.torrent Monetization distribution: Author- John Glenn: 75% Aggregator- SuperPublish: 10% Sampled- Peter sellers: 8% Sampled- Kent: 5% Sampled- Stingy: 2% Business terms UnitCost: 0 RevShare: 30% Broadcast: TONO

The public registry approves registrars and distributors Can be any company, but must abide by the rules regarding copyright, payment etc Registrar and Distributor signing Content owner User Distributor Aggregator Content registry

The public registry approves registrars and distributors

Can be any company, but must abide by the rules regarding copyright, payment etc

Content is produced Music, movies, TV-series, photos, books, plays etc Initially intended for media content, but works equally well for games, applications and other intellectual property Licence decicions Content producer can make any kind of 3rd party agreement, including sale or revenue-sharing of licenses Content production and licencing Content owner Aggregator User Distributor Content registry

Content is produced

Music, movies, TV-series, photos, books, plays etc

Initially intended for media content, but works equally well for games, applications and other intellectual property

Licence decicions

Content producer can make any kind of 3rd party agreement, including sale or revenue-sharing of licenses

Content owner registers with the public registry Done through approved registrars, much like domain names Content owner provides a copy to the Aggrgator Content registration Content owner Aggregator User Distributor Content registry

Content owner registers with the public registry

Done through approved registrars, much like domain names

Content owner provides a copy to the Aggrgator

Distributor accesses registry Finds new content in the content registry the distributor wishes to publish Retrieves a copy Using P2P. Must provide a seed as long as the work is for sale Registrar to distributor publication Content owner User Distributor Aggregator Content registry

Distributor accesses registry

Finds new content in the content registry the distributor wishes to publish

Retrieves a copy

Using P2P. Must provide a seed as long as the work is for sale

Content is distributed The distributor can have any system he likes, use any business model etc – as long as he adheres to the business terms. Content distribution Content owner Aggregator User Distributor Content registry

Content is distributed

The distributor can have any system he likes, use any business model etc – as long as he adheres to the business terms.

The distributor pays for the content The Distributor pays to a Genero Payment Provider, which in turn pais each aggregator (manager) Distributor owner payment User Distributor Copyright owner Aggregator Content registry Copyright owner Copyright owner Aggregator GPP $ $ $ $ $ $

The distributor pays for the content

The Distributor pays to a Genero Payment Provider, which in turn pais each aggregator (manager)

Steam as an example Focus on the user experience Gives the user high degree of functionality and rights Stimulates 3rd party development on their products Is the best distributor of their own content, thus competing with piracy instead of fighting it Result: Very competitive against other distribution channels, including pirate channels

Focus on the user experience

Gives the user high degree of functionality and rights

Stimulates 3rd party development on their products

Is the best distributor of their own content, thus competing with piracy instead of fighting it

Result: Very competitive against other distribution channels, including pirate channels

The Economy of abundance Long tail Wikinomics Moores law Accellerated by Cloud Computing The Law of supply and demand

Long tail

Wikinomics

Moores law

Accellerated by Cloud Computing

The Law of supply and demand