Computer Graphics Introduction
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Computer Graphics Introduction - Presentation Transcript
- Computer Graphics
- Book : F. Hill, Computer Graphics Using OpenGL (Second Edition)
- Software : Windows, VC++, OpenGL.
- This is a fun course, but also a LOT of hard work .
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.1 What is computer graphics (CG)?
- Field of study
- Pictures
- Tools
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.2 Where is CG used?
- Art, entertainment, publishing
- Movie Production
- Animation
- Computer Games
- WWW
- Slide , Book, and
- Magazine Design
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Image processing
- Speak of noises
- Contrast
- Edge sharpness
- Color
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Process monitoring
- Status Display
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Displaying Simulations
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Computer-aided Design
- Architecture Design
- Electronic Circuit Design
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Scientific Analysis and Visualization
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3 Elements of pictures created in CG
- Output primitives and attributes:
- Polylines
- Text
- Filled regions
- Raster images
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.1 Polylines
- Connected sequence of straight lines
- Edge, vertex
- Attributes: color, thickness, dashing, endpoint blending
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Polygon, simple polygon
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.2 Text
- Font, color, size, spacing, orientation
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.3 Filled regions
- Filled shape – boundary (polygon)
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.3 Filled regions
- Filling used for shadow effects
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.4 Raster image
- Consists of cells (called pixels) with color value
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Stored as array of numerical values
- Bitmap : 0-1
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Created as hand-designed, or computed, or scanned.
- Computed: straight lines
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Scanned images (Enhancement, Zooming, Effects) 3 6 12
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.5 Shades of gray and color in raster images
- Bi-level image
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.5 shades of gray and color in raster images
- Pixel depth : n bits => 2 n values (mostly 256)
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.5.1 Effect of pixel depth
- Smaller pixel depth => loss in quality. Banding.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.5.1 Effect of pixel depth
- Smaller pixel depth => loss in quality. Banding.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.3.5.1 Effect of pixel depth
- Smaller pixel depth => loss in quality. Banding.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Color: RGB
- Color depth => sum of bits for each color
- High quality (true color) : 24 bits (255.255.25)
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.4 Graphics Display Devices
- 1.4.1 Line drawing (plotters): cross-hatching
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.4.2 Raster displays (video monitor, flat-panel displays, printers)
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Display surface (X,Y)
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Frame buffer : memory to hold display pixels, with scan controller.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- Video monitors
- Video monitors require “refresh” : entire frame buffer scanned out to display many times per second.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- CRT
- Digital-to-analog converters (DACs)
- Refresh 60 times per second to prevent flicker.
- Scanning per line
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.4.3 Indexed Color and the LUT
- Programmable association between pixel value and color
- Bits in frame buffer acts as index into LUT.
- Palette: set of possible colors AT ONE TIME.
- If b is color depth and w is size of LUT then
- palette = 2 b with a set of color of 2 w
- Chapter 1: Introduction Comparison of two raster display system(1024x1280 pixel) Memory=1024*1280 *24 bits =4MB Pellet=2 24 Memory=1024*1280x8 +256*24 bits =1. 3MB
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.4.4 Other raster display devices:
- flat-panel, LCD, active matrix panels, plasma panel
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.4.5 Hard-copy raster devices:
- film recorder, laser printer, inkjet plotter.PostScript.
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.5 Graphics input devices
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.5 Graphics input devices
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.5 Graphics input devices
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.5 Graphics input devices
- Chapter 1: Introduction
- 1.5 Graphics input devices
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