Linguistic Diversity and Endangerment among Tibetans
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Presented at the International Association for Tibetan Studies, June 19-25, 2016. Bergen, Norway.
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Linguistic Diversity and Endangerment among Tibetans
- 1. Linguistic Diversity and Endangerment among Tibetans Gerald Roche Australian Research Council DECRA Fellow Asia Institute, University of Melbourne International Association for Tibetan Studies June 19-25, 2016. Bergen, Norway.
- 2. Outline • Define, count, measure • Linguistic diversity and social justice. – Define: identify the affected group – Count: breadth of the issue (individuals and communities) – Measure: the depth of the issue
- 3. ‘Minor’ Languages? • Territorial/ genetic/ (+ethnic) definition… • Social meaning. Languages oral excluded elided derided low Speakers Othered inegalitarian multilingualism monitored stigmatized Intersectionality/ vulnerability
- 5. How Many? In Tibet 14 33 43 59 Minzu paradigm Chinese reference literature Ethnologue Non-reference literature more conservative less conservative
- 6. How Many? Among Tibetans 0 14 15 26 Minzu paradigm Chinese reference literature Ethnologue Non-reference literature 3.97% 3.77%
- 7. How Endangered? Ethnologue 40% threatened 20% shifting Roche and Suzuki 60% 100% Among Tibetans
- 8. How Endangered? • Rta’u = “clearly endangered” (TIBETAN) • Nyagrong Minyag = “hanging from a precarious ledge” (TIBETAN) • Doxu = “terminally endangered” (CHINESE) • Namuyi = “very much an endangered language” (CHINESE/ NUOSU) • Manegacha = ~20% shift to Tibetan (TIBETAN) • Gochang = “clearly endangered… the fate of Gochang appears to be one of slow decrease in the number of speakers and constriction of the area where the language is spoken. ” (CHINESE)
- 9. Conclusion • Tibet is linguistically diverse. • This diversity includes ‘minority languages’. • These minority languages are endangered. • We Tibetologists have a role to play. ①Write ②Teach & outreach ③Support
- 10. • Please send feedback/ questions: g.roche@unimelb.edu.au • Facebook: Minority Languages of the Chinese Tibetosphere • Keep an eye out for the forthcoming special issue of the International Journal of the Sociology of Language Thanks! བཀའ་དྲིན་ཆེ
Editor's Notes
- Acknowledge Hiroyuki Suzuki, Yudru Tsomu
- Intersectionality: economically marginalized; ethnic minorities; Tibetan; religious; rural; Western; +language
- How Tibet is defined.
- How Tibet is defined. Each source – nature and biases. Show individual estimates.
- Define Tibetans – Zangzu Sources Estimates 4% is less than a quarter of a million – 248,000