DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE (ADAPTATION) – THE NEEDS FOR HARMONIZATION

CONTACT INFORMATION Global Risk Forum GRF Davos Promenade 35 CH-7270 Davos Phone: +41 (0) 81 414 1600 Fax: +41 (0) 81 414 1610 info@grforum.org www.grforum.org DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE (ADAPTATION) – THE NEEDS FOR HARMONIZATION Walter J. Ammann President and CEO Global Risk Forum GRF Davos walter.ammann@grforum.org www.grforum.org 1

INTRODUCTION • The link between natural disasters and climate change • Disaster risk reduction and the need to harmonize with climate change adaptation • .....and how to combine disaster risk reduction not only with climate change adaptation but also with climate change mitigation (example combatting land degradation). 2

THE 3 PILLARS OF GRF DAVOS “From Thoughts to Action – linking practice, science, policy and decision making in the search for sustainable Davos based foundation solutions” IDRC RISK ACADEMY RISKPLANET Biennial IDRC Think Tank, Knowledge web based networking Davos Conferences Management platform 26 – 30 Aug. 2012 Training Courses IDRC Regional R&D Open and closed Conferences and Public Awareness circles Workshops (China 2011) E-journal (Good practice) 3

DISASTER RISK REDUCTION DRR AND CC • Risk Reduction (preventive measures) • Disaster Management (intervention, recovery) • Risk Governance (integrative risk management) • Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability x Values exposed to hazard • Hazard = frequency (probability), intensity • Climate Change 4

MULTI HAZARD/ MULTI RISK APPROACH NEEDED FLOODS WINDSTORMS EARTHQUAKES/ TSUNAMIS IT - Security DROUGHTS, DESERTIFICATION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE LANDSLIDES, DEBRIS FLOW LAND DEGRADATION WILDFIRES PANDEMICS VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS FINANCIAL CRISES TECHNOLOGICAL HAZARDS BIOLOGICAL THREATS TERRORISM 5

HEATWAVE 2003 IN SWITZERLAND • Number of deaths: approx. 1 000 • Economic damage due to a bad harvest: approx. 500 million CHF Europe 2003 of deaths per day Number 35‘000 deaths 10 bn EURO Day/Month C. Braun-Fahrländer, University of Basel Source: sc l nat Pro Clim – Forum for Climate and Global Change report Hitzesommer 2003 - Synthesebericht 8

NATURAL DISASTERS: LOSSES Source: Figure and text: Munich Re Topics Geo 2007 9

MEAN ANNUAL LOSSES – NATURAL HAZARDS •100‘000 deaths •150 bn US $ •800 Mio affected Gap between industrialized and developing countries 10

FACTS - CLIMATE JUSTICE Poor countries suffer the vast majority of the impact of natural hazards and thus of the human impact of climate change. Source: Climate Change – The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis, Global Humanitarian Forum 2009, Geneva 11

GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE AND THE MILLENNIUM DEVELOPMENT GOALS MDGS Global Environmental Change Large costs for wealth and Growing Vulnerabilities development Undermining the possibilities to attain the MDGs Degradation of Ecoysstem Services Land Degradation 12

FACTS - CLIMATE JUSTICE Poor countries suffer the vast majority of the impact of natural hazards and thus of the human impact of climate change. Source: Climate Change – The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis, Global Humanitarian Forum 2009, Geneva 13

CLIMATE CHANGE - IMPACT Source: Climate Change – The Anatomy of a Silent Crisis, Global Humanitarian Forum 2009, Geneva 14

CLIMATE CHANGE – MOST AFFECTED REGIONS • Africa, Increased water shortages (up to 250 million people in Africa at increased risk of water stress in 2030); • Small Island Developing States, Sea-level rise is likely to exacerbate inundation, storm surge, erosion and other coastal hazards, thus threatening vital infrastructure that supports the socio-economic well-being of island communities. • Asian mega deltas, such as the Ganges- Brahmaputra and the Zhujiang: Large populations and high exposure to sea-level rise, storm surge and river flooding Source: UNFCCC Factsheet: Climate change science - Regions that will be especially affected 15

CLIMATE JUSTICE – FACTS & EXPLANATIONS Source: W. Fust (2009), What will it take? Mitigation of Climate Change, talk at Global Humanitarian Forum, October 2009, Geneva 16

HUNGER - FACTS • Over 1 bn people are chronically hungry today—many of them due to climate change. • 94% live in developing nations. Source: Food and Agriculture Organisation United Nations: 17

HEALTH IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE Deaths from malaria & dengue fever, diarrhoea, malnutrition, flooding and (OECD countries) heatwaves 18

GREEN HOUSE GASES EMISSIONS Countries scaled according to cumulative emissions in billion tonnes carbon equivalent in 2002. (Patz, Gibbs, et al, 2007) 19

• Disasters are a problem of the poor and marginalised • Climate Change will worsen the situation • Social injustice - climate justice needed 20

ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED MIGRATION about 1billion people in over 100 countries are at risk Source: WBGU 2007 21

ENVIRONMENTALLY INDUCED MIGRANTS? • By 2030: 70 million (IOM 2008) • By 2050: Estimates vary widely, 200 million becoming a widely cited estimate (IOM 2008) • After 2050: Up to 700 million environmental migrants (Christian Aid 2007) • Migration as a need to adapt to climate change 22

FUTURE CHALLENGES – URBAN RISKS • Accellerated urbanisation (coastal areas, 30 Mega Cities in 2020) • Increasing vulnerability (globalisation, information) • Critical infrastructures and services (energy, transportation, IT, etc.) • Shortage in natural resources (water, food, Water scarcity 23

ANNUAL COST DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE (US $) Industrialized Developping Sector Global Cost Countries Countries Agriculture 14 7 7 Water 11 2 9 Health Sector 5 No estimates 5 Coastal Areas 11 7 4 Infrastructure 8 - 130 6 - 88 2 - 41 Total 49 - 171 22 - 105 27 - 66 Quelle: UNFCCC 2007 24

INTEGRATIVE RISK MANAGEMENT – THE NEEDS FOR DRR ALONG THE RISK CIRCLE Integrative (Integral) risk reduction and disaster management = vulnerability reduction and resilience increase Reconstruction Rehabilitation RECOVERY Insurance Vulnerability Reduction Education Training PREVENTION Awareness Rising Land‐use Planning Technical Measures Resilience Increase Ecological Measures Education Training INTERVENTION Organisational measures (early warning) Emergency/Crisis Management 25

THE NEEDS FOR RISK REDUCTION (PREVENTION) • Lack of understanding of the substantial medium and long term benefits of effective risk reduction strategies «The benefits of prevention are not tangible; they are the disasters that did not happen» Kofi Annan, Former UN SG 26

CLIMATE CHANGE: MITIGATION & ADAPTATION • Adaptation focuses on the effects of Climate Change – DRR with identical targets. • Harmonization of the DRR and the CC adaptation policies and practices to prepare for the effects of climate change (similar measures). • Prevention as a need for CC adaptation politically easier to argue than investments for risk reduction • Resources also needed for adaptation (out of CO2 emission trading) not only for mitigation • Mitigation tackles the causes of climate change via the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions/ concentrations 27

CLIMATE CHANGE AND LAND DEGRADATION Climate Change, Desertification, land Natural Climate variation Loss in carbon degradation, drought sequestration Hazards capacity Continuous degradation of ecosystems Food, water, energy security, conflicts, migration, DRR, Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 28

SOIL CARBON SEQUESTATION • Soil carbon sequestration is the process of transferring carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into the soil through crop residues and other organic solids, and in a form that is not immediately reemitted. • Soil carbon sequestration can be accomplished by management systems that add high amounts of biomass to the soil, cause minimal soil disturbance, etc. • This transfer of carbon helps off-set emissions from fossil fuel combustion and other carbon-emitting activities. Source: Soil Carbon Sequestration— Fundamentals online at: http://ohioline.osu.edu/aex-fact/pdf/0510.pdf 29

COMBAT LAND DEGRADATION – CC MITIGATION Soil carbon sequestration is an important and immediate sink for removing atmospheric carbon dioxide and mitigating global warming and climate change. Source: UNCCD thematic fact sheet series No. 1 Climate change and desertification 30

CLIMATE CHANGE AND LAND DEGRADATION Climate Change, Desertification, land Natural Climate variation Loss in carbon degradation, drought sequestration Hazards capacity Continuous degradation of ecosystems Food, water, energy security, conflicts, migration, DRR, Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation 31

WILD World Initiative to combat Land Degradation DLDD, Climate Change, Risk and Security - An Integrative Approach. A joint campaign and work programme fostering sustainable investments for integrated risk reduction and disaster management in the drylands 30 September 2010 AVINA‐Stiftung Walter Ammann 32

WILD and its context to climate change • The top-soils are among the most efficient carbon sequestration media • Combating land degradation, in particular prevention in eroding top-soils due to meteorological events supports carbon sequestration • WILD therefore – as a combined effort - reduces the vulnerability of ecological systems due to natural hazards (Climate change adaptation) and supports sequestration of CO2 (climate change mitigation). • Resources for mitigation easier available than for adaptation 30 September 2010 AVINA‐Stiftung Walter Ammann 33

SUMMARY • The link between natural disasters and climate change • Disaster risk reduction and the need to harmonize with climate change adaptation • .....and how to combine disaster risk reduction not only with climate change adaptation but also with climate change mitigation (example combatting land degradation). 34

CONTACT INFORMATION Global Risk Forum GRF Davos Promenade 35 CH-7270 Davos Phone: +41 (0) 81 414 1600 Fax: +41 (0) 81 414 1610 info@grforum.org www.grforum.org FROM THOUGHTS TO ACTION! THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! walter.amman@grforum.org 35

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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE (ADAPTATION) – THE NEEDS FOR HARMONIZATION

by Global Risk Forum GRFDavos on Nov 09, 2010

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DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND CLIMATE CHANGE (ADAPTATION) – THE NEEDS FOR HARMONIZATION — Presentation Transcript